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Chung CZ, Krahn N. The selenocysteine toolbox: A guide to studying the 21st amino acid. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shetty SP, Kiledjian NT, Copeland PR. The selenoprotein P 3' untranslated region is an RNA binding protein platform that fine tunes selenocysteine incorporation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271453. [PMID: 35905095 PMCID: PMC9337670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins contain the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), which is incorporated at select UGA codons when a specialized hairpin sequence, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, is present in the 3' UTR. Aside from the SECIS, selenoprotein mRNA 3' UTRs are not conserved between different selenoproteins within a species. In contrast, the 3'-UTR of a given selenoprotein is often conserved across species, which supports the hypothesis that cis-acting elements in the 3'-UTR other than the SECIS exert post-transcriptional control on selenoprotein expression. In order to determine the function of one such SECIS context, we chose to focus on the plasma selenoprotein, SELENOP, which is required to maintain selenium homeostasis as a selenium transport protein that contains 10 Sec residues. It is unique in that its mRNA contains two SECIS elements in the context of a highly conserved 843-nucleotide 3' UTR. Here we have used RNA affinity chromatography and identified PTBP1 as the major RNA binding protein that specifically interacts with the sequence between the two SECIS elements. We then used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to delete two regions surrounding the first SECIS element. We found that these sequences are involved in regulating SELENOP mRNA and protein levels, which are inversely altered as a function of selenium concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumangala P. Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Nora T. Kiledjian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Copeland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
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Copeland PR, Howard MT. Ribosome Fate during Decoding of UGA-Sec Codons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413204. [PMID: 34948001 PMCID: PMC8704476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoding of genetic information into polypeptides occurs during translation, generally following the codon assignment rules of the organism's genetic code. However, recoding signals in certain mRNAs can overwrite the normal rules of translation. An exquisite example of this occurs during translation of selenoprotein mRNAs, wherein UGA codons are reassigned to encode for the 21st proteogenic amino acid, selenocysteine. In this review, we will examine what is known about the mechanisms of UGA recoding and discuss the fate of ribosomes that fail to incorporate selenocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Copeland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: (P.R.C.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Michael T. Howard
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: (P.R.C.); (M.T.H.)
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Solovyev N, Drobyshev E, Blume B, Michalke B. Selenium at the Neural Barriers: A Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:630016. [PMID: 33613188 PMCID: PMC7892976 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.630016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is known to contribute to several vital physiological functions in mammals: antioxidant defense, fertility, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune response. Growing evidence indicates the crucial role of Se and Se-containing selenoproteins in the brain and brain function. As for the other essential trace elements, dietary Se needs to reach effective concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS) to exert its functions. To do so, Se-species have to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and/or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) of the choroid plexus. The main interface between the general circulation of the body and the CNS is the BBB. Endothelial cells of brain capillaries forming the so-called tight junctions are the primary anatomic units of the BBB, mainly responsible for barrier function. The current review focuses on Se transport to the brain, primarily including selenoprotein P/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8, also known as apolipoprotein E receptor-2) dependent pathway, and supplementary transport routes of Se into the brain via low molecular weight Se-species. Additionally, the potential role of Se and selenoproteins in the BBB, BCB, and neurovascular unit (NVU) is discussed. Finally, the perspectives regarding investigating the role of Se and selenoproteins in the gut-brain axis are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgenii Drobyshev
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bastian Blume
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
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Callejón-Leblic B, Arias-Borrego A, Rodríguez-Moro G, Navarro Roldán F, Pereira-Vega A, Gómez-Ariza JL, García-Barrera T. Advances in lung cancer biomarkers: The role of (metal-) metabolites and selenoproteins. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 100:91-137. [PMID: 33453868 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the second most common cause of death in men after prostate cancer, and the third most recurrent type of tumor in women after breast and colon cancers. Unfortunately, when LC symptoms begin to appear, the disease is already in an advanced stage and the survival rate only reaches 2%. Thus, there is an urgent need for early diagnosis of LC using specific biomarkers, as well as effective therapies and strategies against LC. On the other hand, the influence of metals on more than 50% of proteins is responsible for their catalytic properties or structure, and their presence in molecules is determined in many cases by the genome. Research has shown that redox metal dysregulation could be the basis for the onset and progression of LC disease. Moreover, metals can interact between them through antagonistic, synergistic and competitive mechanisms, and for this reason metals ratios and correlations in LC should be explored. One of the most studied antagonists against the toxic action of metals is selenium, which plays key roles in medicine, especially related to selenoproteins. The study of potential biomarkers able to diagnose the disease in early stage is conditioned by the development of new analytical methodologies. In this sense, omic methodologies like metallomics, proteomics and metabolomics can greatly assist in the discovery of biomarkers for LC early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Callejón-Leblic
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Ana Arias-Borrego
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Gema Rodríguez-Moro
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarro Roldán
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Integrated Sciences-Cell Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Gómez-Ariza
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
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Arias-Borrego A, Callejón-Leblic B, Calatayud M, Gómez-Ariza JL, Collado MC, García-Barrera T. Insights into cancer and neurodegenerative diseases through selenoproteins and the connection with gut microbiota - current analytical methodologies. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:805-814. [PMID: 31482748 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1664292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Selenium plays many key roles in health especially in connection with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. However, it needs to be appreciated that the essentiality/toxicity of selenium depends on both, a narrow range of concentration and the chemical specie involved. In this context, selenoproteins are essential biomolecules against these disorders, mainly due to its antioxidant action. To this end, analytical methodologies may allow identifying and quantifying individual selenospecies in human biofluids and tissues. Areas covered: This review focus on the role of selenoproteins in medicine, with special emphasis in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, considering the possible link with gut microbiota. In particular, this article reviews the analytical techniques and procedures recently developed for the absolute quantification of selenoproteins and selenometabolites in human biofluids and tissues. Expert commentary: The beneficial role of selenium in human health has been extensively studied and reviewed. However, several challenges remain unsolved as discussed in this article: (i) speciation of selenium (especially selenoproteins) in cancer and neurodegenerative disease patients; (ii) supplementation of selenium in humans using functional foods and nutraceuticals; (iii) the link between selenium and selenoproteins expression and the gut microbiota and (iv) analytical methods and pitfalls for the absolute quantification of selenoproteins and selenometabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arias-Borrego
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva , Huelva , Spain
| | - Belén Callejón-Leblic
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva , Huelva , Spain
| | - Marta Calatayud
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Food Biotechnology , Paterna , Valencia , Spain.,Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - José Luis Gómez-Ariza
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva , Huelva , Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Food Biotechnology , Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva , Huelva , Spain
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Processive Recoding and Metazoan Evolution of Selenoprotein P: Up to 132 UGAs in Molluscs. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:4381-4407. [PMID: 31442478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenoproteins typically contain a single selenocysteine, the 21st amino acid, encoded by a context-redefined UGA. However, human selenoprotein P (SelenoP) has a redox-functioning selenocysteine in its N-terminal domain and nine selenium transporter-functioning selenocysteines in its C-terminal domain. Here we show that diverse SelenoP genes are present across metazoa with highly variable numbers of Sec-UGAs, ranging from a single UGA in certain insects, to 9 in common spider, and up to 132 in bivalve molluscs. SelenoP genes were shaped by a dynamic evolutionary process linked to selenium usage. Gene evolution featured modular expansions of an ancestral multi-Sec domain, which led to particularly Sec-rich SelenoP proteins in many aquatic organisms. We focused on molluscs, and chose Pacific oyster Magallana gigas as experimental model. We show that oyster SelenoP mRNA with 46 UGAs is translated full-length in vivo. Ribosome profiling indicates that selenocysteine specification occurs with ∼5% efficiency at UGA1 and approaches 100% efficiency at distal 3' UGAs. We report genetic elements relevant to its expression, including a leader open reading frame and an RNA structure overlapping the initiation codon that modulates ribosome progression in a selenium-dependent manner. Unlike their mammalian counterparts, the two SECIS elements in oyster SelenoP (3'UTR recoding elements) do not show functional differentiation in vitro. Oysters can increase their tissue selenium level up to 50-fold upon supplementation, which also results in extensive changes in selenoprotein expression.
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