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Wu JJ, Yu H, Bi SG, Wang ZX, Gong J, Mao YM, Wang FZ, Zhang YQ, Nie YJ, Chai GS. Aerobic exercise attenuates autophagy-lysosomal flux deficits by ADRB2/β2-adrenergic receptor-mediated V-ATPase assembly factor VMA21 signaling in APP-PSEN1/PS1 mice. Autophagy 2024; 20:1015-1031. [PMID: 37964627 PMCID: PMC11135842 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2281134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosomal pathway deficits contribute to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer disease (AD). Aerobic exercise (AE) has long been investigated as an approach to delay and treat AD, although the exact role and mechanism are not well known. Here, we revealed that AE could reverse autophagy-lysosomal deficits via activation of ADRB2/β2-adrenergic receptor, leading to significant attenuation of amyloid-β pathology in APP-PSEN1/PS1 mice. Molecular mechanism research found that AE could reverse autophagy deficits by upregulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) signaling pathway. Moreover, AE could reverse V-ATPase function by upregulating VMA21 levels. Inhibition of ADRB2 by propranolol (antagonist, 30 μM) blocked AE-attenuated Aβ pathology and cognitive deficits by inhibiting autophagy-lysosomal flux. AE may mitigate AD via many pathways, while ADRB2-VMA21-V-ATPase could improve cognition by enhancing the clearance of Aβ through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, which also revealed a novel theoretical basis for AE attenuating pathological progression and cognitive deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jun Wu
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of electrophysiology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Children’s Healthcare Center), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Guang Bi
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-Xuan Wang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Gong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Ming Mao
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Wang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Juan Nie
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gao-Shang Chai
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Iyer H, Talbot WS. The Cl- transporter ClC-7 is essential for phagocytic clearance by microglia. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261616. [PMID: 38294065 PMCID: PMC10911276 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, professional phagocytic cells of the brain, rely upon the appropriate activation of lysosomes to execute their immune and clearance functions. Lysosomal activity is, in turn, modulated by a complex network of over 200 membrane and accessory proteins that relay extracellular cues to these key degradation centers. The ClC-7 chloride (Cl-)-proton (H+) antiporter (also known as CLCN7) is localized to the endolysosomal compartments and mutations in CLCN7 lead to osteopetrosis and neurodegeneration. Although the functions of ClC-7 have been extensively investigated in osteoclasts and neurons, its role in microglia in vivo remains largely unexamined. Here, we show that microglia and embryonic macrophages in zebrafish clcn7 mutants cannot effectively process extracellular debris in the form of apoptotic cells and β-amyloid. Despite these functional defects, microglia develop normally in clcn7 mutants and display normal expression of endosomal and lysosomal markers. We also find that mutants for ostm1, which encodes the β-subunit of ClC-7, have a phenotype that is strikingly similar to that of clcn7 mutants. Together, our observations uncover a previously unappreciated role of ClC-7 in microglia and contribute to the understanding of the neurodegenerative phenotypes that accompany mutations in this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Iyer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William S. Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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3
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Del Rosario Hernández T, Gore SV, Kreiling JA, Creton R. Drug repurposing for neurodegenerative diseases using Zebrafish behavioral profiles. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116096. [PMID: 38185043 PMCID: PMC10922774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing can accelerate drug development while reducing the cost and risk of toxicity typically associated with de novo drug design. Several disorders lacking pharmacological solutions and exhibiting poor results in clinical trials - such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) - could benefit from a cost-effective approach to finding new therapeutics. We previously developed a neural network model, Z-LaP Tracker, capable of quantifying behaviors in zebrafish larvae relevant to cognitive function, including activity, reactivity, swimming patterns, and optomotor response in the presence of visual and acoustic stimuli. Using this model, we performed a high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs to identify compounds that affect zebrafish larval behavior in a manner consistent with the distinct behavior induced by calcineurin inhibitors. Cyclosporine (CsA) and other calcineurin inhibitors have garnered interest for their potential role in the prevention of AD. We generated behavioral profiles suitable for cluster analysis, through which we identified 64 candidate therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayali V Gore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jill A Kreiling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robbert Creton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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4
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Girigoswami K, Pallavi P, Girigoswami A. Intricate subcellular journey of nanoparticles to the enigmatic domains of endoplasmic reticulum. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2284684. [PMID: 37990530 PMCID: PMC10987057 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2284684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is evident that site-specific systemic drug delivery can reduce side effects, systemic toxicity, and minimal dosage requirements predominantly by delivering drugs to particular pathological sites, cells, and even subcellular structures. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and associated cell organelles play a vital role in several essential cellular functions and activities, such as the synthesis of lipids, steroids, membrane-associated proteins along with intracellular transport, signaling of Ca2+, and specific response to stress. Therefore, the dysfunction of ER is correlated with numerous diseases where cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes mellitus, hepatic disorder, etc., are very common. To achieve satisfactory therapeutic results in certain diseases, it is essential to engineer delivery systems that can effectively enter the cells and target ER. Nanoparticles are highly biocompatible, contain a variety of cargos or payloads, and can be modified in a pliable manner to achieve therapeutic effectiveness at the subcellular level when delivered to specific organelles. Passive targeting drug delivery vehicles, or active targeting drug delivery systems, reduce the nonselective accumulation of drugs while reducing side effects by modifying them with small molecular compounds, antibodies, polypeptides, or isolated bio-membranes. The targeting of ER and closely associated organelles in cells using nanoparticles, however, is still unsymmetrically understood. Therefore, here we summarized the pathophysiological prospect of ER stress, involvement of ER and mitochondrial response, disease related to ER dysfunctions, essential therapeutics, and nanoenabled modulation of their delivery to optimize therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Pragya Pallavi
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, India
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5
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Hernández TDR, Gore SV, Kreiling JA, Creton R. Finding Drug Repurposing Candidates for Neurodegenerative Diseases using Zebrafish Behavioral Profiles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557235. [PMID: 37745452 PMCID: PMC10515830 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing can accelerate drug development while reducing the cost and risk of toxicity typically associated with de novo drug design. Several disorders lacking pharmacological solutions and exhibiting poor results in clinical trials - such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) - could benefit from a cost-effective approach to finding new therapeutics. We previously developed a neural network model, Z-LaP Tracker, capable of quantifying behaviors in zebrafish larvae relevant to cognitive function, including activity, reactivity, swimming patterns, and optomotor response in the presence of visual and acoustic stimuli. Using this model, we performed a high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs to identify compounds that affect zebrafish larval behavior in a manner consistent with the distinct behavior induced by calcineurin inhibitors. Cyclosporine (CsA) and other calcineurin inhibitors have garnered interest for their potential role in the prevention of AD. We generated behavioral profiles suitable for cluster analysis, through which we identified 64 candidate therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Del Rosario Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sayali V Gore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jill A Kreiling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Robbert Creton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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6
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Im E, Jiang Y, Stavrides PH, Darji S, Erdjument-Bromage H, Neubert TA, Choi JY, Wegiel J, Lee JH, Nixon RA. Lysosomal dysfunction in Down syndrome and Alzheimer mouse models is caused by v-ATPase inhibition by Tyr 682-phosphorylated APP βCTF. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg1925. [PMID: 37494443 PMCID: PMC10371027 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome dysfunction arises early and propels Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we show that amyloid precursor protein (APP), linked to early-onset AD in Down syndrome (DS), acts directly via its β-C-terminal fragment (βCTF) to disrupt lysosomal vacuolar (H+)-adenosine triphosphatase (v-ATPase) and acidification. In human DS fibroblasts, the phosphorylated 682YENPTY internalization motif of APP-βCTF binds selectively within a pocket of the v-ATPase V0a1 subunit cytoplasmic domain and competitively inhibits association of the V1 subcomplex of v-ATPase, thereby reducing its activity. Lowering APP-βCTF Tyr682 phosphorylation restores v-ATPase and lysosome function in DS fibroblasts and in vivo in brains of DS model mice. Notably, lowering APP-βCTF Tyr682 phosphorylation below normal constitutive levels boosts v-ATPase assembly and activity, suggesting that v-ATPase may also be modulated tonically by phospho-APP-βCTF. Elevated APP-βCTF Tyr682 phosphorylation in two mouse AD models similarly disrupts v-ATPase function. These findings offer previously unknown insight into the pathogenic mechanism underlying faulty lysosomes in all forms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Im
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Philip H. Stavrides
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Sandipkumar Darji
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Thomas A. Neubert
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, Queens, NY 11367, USA
- Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jerzy Wegiel
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ralph A. Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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7
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Zhang H, Xie X, Shi J, Zhao Q, Luo D, Hao J, Zhou Y, Han G, Pang X. 3, 14, 19-Triacetyl Andrographolide alleviates the cognitive dysfunction of 3 × Tg-AD mice by inducing initiation and promoting degradation process of autophagy. Phytother Res 2023; 37:410-423. [PMID: 36114804 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the cognition-enhancing effect of 3, 14, 19-Triacetyl andrographolide (ADA) on learning and memory deficits in 3 × Tg-AD mice and to explore its underlying mechanism. Eight-month-old 3 × Tg-AD mice and C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely wild-type group, 3 × Tg-AD group, and 3 × Tg-AD+ADA group (5 mg/kg, for 21 days, i.p.). We found that ADA significantly improved learning and cognition impairment, inhibited the loss of Nissl body, and reduced Aβ load in the brains of 3 × Tg-AD mice. In addition, ADA enhanced the levels of PSD95 and SYP, which were closely associated with synaptic plasticity. Accumulated autophagosomes, LC3II, and P62 in hippocampus and cortex of 3 × Tg-AD mice were decreased by ADA treatment. Furthermore, ADA administration further down-regulated the expressions of p-AKT and p-mTOR, reduced the level of CTSB, and increased the co-localization of LC3 and LAMP1 in the brains of 3 × Tg-AD mice, implying that ADA-induced autophagy initiation and also promoted the degradation process. In Aβ25-35 -induced HT22 cells, ADA displayed similar effects on autophagy flux as observed in 3 × Tg-AD mice. Our finding verified that ADA could improve synaptic plasticity and cognitive function, which is mainly attributed to the key roles of ADA in autophagy induction and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Institute, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinmei Xie
- Pharmaceutical Institute, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junzhuo Shi
- Pharmaceutical Institute, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Institute, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dongmei Luo
- Pharmaceutical Institute, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiaojiao Hao
- Pharmaceutical Institute, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Institute, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guang Han
- Pharmaceutical Institute, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Key Lab for Application of Local Dendranthema morifolium in Food & Drug, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaobin Pang
- Pharmaceutical Institute, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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8
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Mustaly-Kalimi S, Gallegos W, Marr RA, Gilman-Sachs A, Peterson DA, Sekler I, Stutzmann GE. Protein mishandling and impaired lysosomal proteolysis generated through calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211999119. [PMID: 36442130 PMCID: PMC9894236 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211999119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments in neural lysosomal- and autophagic-mediated degradation of cellular debris contribute to neuritic dystrophy and synaptic loss. While these are well-characterized features of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), the upstream cellular processes driving deficits in pathogenic protein mishandling are less understood. Using a series of fluorescent biosensors and optical imaging in model cells, AD mouse models and human neurons derived from AD patients, we reveal a previously undescribed cellular signaling cascade underlying protein mishandling mediated by intracellular calcium dysregulation, an early component of AD pathogenesis. Increased Ca2+ release via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident ryanodine receptor (RyR) is associated with reduced expression of the lysosome proton pump vacuolar-ATPase (vATPase) subunits (V1B2 and V0a1), resulting in lysosome deacidification and disrupted proteolytic activity in AD mouse models and human-induced neurons (HiN). As a result of impaired lysosome digestive capacity, mature autophagosomes with hyperphosphorylated tau accumulated in AD murine neurons and AD HiN, exacerbating proteinopathy. Normalizing AD-associated aberrant RyR-Ca2+ signaling with the negative allosteric modulator, dantrolene (Ryanodex), restored vATPase levels, lysosomal acidification and proteolytic activity, and autophagic clearance of intracellular protein aggregates in AD neurons. These results highlight that prior to overt AD histopathology or cognitive deficits, aberrant upstream Ca2+ signaling disrupts lysosomal acidification and contributes to pathological accumulation of intracellular protein aggregates. Importantly, this is demonstrated in animal models of AD, and in human iPSC-derived neurons from AD patients. Furthermore, pharmacological suppression of RyR-Ca2+ release rescued proteolytic function, revealing a target for therapeutic intervention that has demonstrated effects in clinically-relevant assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mustaly-Kalimi
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL60064
| | - Wacey Gallegos
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL60064
| | - Robert A. Marr
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL60064
| | - Alice Gilman-Sachs
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Immunology, and Infection, North Chicago, IL60064
| | - Daniel A. Peterson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL60064
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Science and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva84105, Israel
| | - Grace E. Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL60064
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9
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Cheng X, Wei Y, Qian Z, Han L. Autophagy Balances Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1537-1549. [PMID: 35960407 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly evolutionary conserved process that degrades cytosolic macromolecules or damaged organelles (e.g., mitochondria), as well as intracellular pathogens for energy and survival. Dysfunction of autophagy has been associated with the pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Recently, the presence of sustained immune response in the brain has been considered a new core pathology in AD. Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy activation may suppress inflammation response through degrading inflammasomes or pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving immune system function in both clinical trials and preclinical studies. This review provides an overview of updated information on autophagy and inflammation and their potential mediators in AD. In summary, we believe that understanding the relationship between autophagy and inflammation will provide insightful knowledge for future therapeutic implications in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Cheng
- Department of TCM Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wei
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals CoLtd., Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijun Qian
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Department of TCM Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Romanescu C, Schreiner TG, Mukovozov I. The Role of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenicity—A Theoretical Mosaic. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113061. [PMID: 35683449 PMCID: PMC9181317 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder generally affecting older adults, is the most common form of dementia worldwide. The disease is marked by severe cognitive and psychiatric decline and has dramatic personal and social consequences. Considerable time and resources are dedicated to the pursuit of a better understanding of disease mechanisms; however, the ultimate goal of obtaining a viable treatment option remains elusive. Neurodegenerative disease as an outcome of gene–environment interaction is a notion widely accepted today; a clear understanding of how external factors are involved in disease pathogenesis is missing, however. In the case of AD, significant effort has been invested in the study of viral pathogens and their role in disease mechanisms. The current scoping review focuses on the purported role HHV-6 plays in AD pathogenesis. First, early studies demonstrating evidence of HHV-6 cantonment in either post-mortem AD brain specimens or in peripheral blood samples of living AD patients are reviewed. Next, selected examples of possible mechanisms whereby viral infection can directly or indirectly contribute to AD pathogenesis are presented, such as autophagy dysregulation, the interaction between miR155 and HHV-6, and amyloid-beta as an antimicrobial peptide. Finally, closely related topics such as HHV-6 penetration in the CNS, HHV-6 involvement in neuroinflammation, and a brief discussion on HHV-6 epigenetics are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Romanescu
- Clinical Section IV, “St. Parascheva” Infectious Disease Hospital, 700116 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (T.G.S.)
| | - Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 21–23 Professor Dimitrie Mangeron Blvd.,700050 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (T.G.S.)
| | - Ilya Mukovozov
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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11
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Targeting autophagy, oxidative stress, and ER stress for neurodegenerative diseases treatment. J Control Release 2022; 345:147-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Impairment of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in Alzheimer's diseases: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1019-1040. [PMID: 35530153 PMCID: PMC9069408 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. The accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates including amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT/tau) in neuronal cells are hallmarks of AD. So far, the exact underlying mechanisms for the aetiologies of AD have not been fully understood and the effective treatment for AD is limited. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular catabolic process by which damaged cellular organelles and protein aggregates are degraded via lysosomes. Recently, there is accumulating evidence linking the impairment of the autophagy–lysosomal pathway with AD pathogenesis. Interestingly, the enhancement of autophagy to remove protein aggregates has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. Here, we first summarize the recent genetic, pathological and experimental studies regarding the impairment of the autophagy–lysosomal pathway in AD. We then describe the interplay between the autophagy–lysosomal pathway and two pathological proteins, Aβ and MAPT/tau, in AD. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies and small molecules that target the autophagy–lysosomal pathway for AD treatment both in animal models and in clinical trials. Overall, this article highlights the pivotal functions of the autophagy–lysosomal pathway in AD pathogenesis and potential druggable targets in the autophagy–lysosomal pathway for AD treatment.
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13
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Zhang W, Bai J, Hang K, Xu J, Zhou C, Li L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang K, Xue D. Role of Lysosomal Acidification Dysfunction in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:817877. [PMID: 35198560 PMCID: PMC8858834 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.817877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been widely used as a potential treatment for a variety of diseases. However, the contradiction between the low survival rate of transplanted cells and the beneficial therapeutic effects has affected its clinical use. Lysosomes as organelles at the center of cellular recycling and metabolic signaling, play essential roles in MSC homeostasis. In the first part of this review, we summarize the role of lysosomal acidification dysfunction in MSC senescence. In the second part, we summarize some of the potential strategies targeting lysosomal proteins to enhance the therapeutic effect of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinwu Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Hang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kanbin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Deting Xue,
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14
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Lazzeri G, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Fabrizi C, Morucci G, Giorgi FS, Ferrucci M, Lenzi P, Puglisi-Allegra S, Fornai F. Norepinephrine Protects against Methamphetamine Toxicity through β2-Adrenergic Receptors Promoting LC3 Compartmentalization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7232. [PMID: 34281286 PMCID: PMC8269332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) neurons and extracellular NE exert some protective effects against a variety of insults, including methamphetamine (Meth)-induced cell damage. The intimate mechanism of protection remains difficult to be analyzed in vivo. In fact, this may occur directly on target neurons or as the indirect consequence of NE-induced alterations in the activity of trans-synaptic loops. Therefore, to elude neuronal networks, which may contribute to these effects in vivo, the present study investigates whether NE still protects when directly applied to Meth-treated PC12 cells. Meth was selected based on its detrimental effects along various specific brain areas. The study shows that NE directly protects in vitro against Meth-induced cell damage. The present study indicates that such an effect fully depends on the activation of plasma membrane β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs). Evidence indicates that β2-ARs activation restores autophagy, which is impaired by Meth administration. This occurs via restoration of the autophagy flux and, as assessed by ultrastructural morphometry, by preventing the dissipation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) from autophagy vacuoles to the cytosol, which is produced instead during Meth toxicity. These findings may have an impact in a variety of degenerative conditions characterized by NE deficiency along with autophagy impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Carla L. Busceti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.L.B.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.L.B.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Cinzia Fabrizi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Morucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Filippo S. Giorgi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.L.B.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.)
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15
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Knopman DS, Amieva H, Petersen RC, Chételat G, Holtzman DM, Hyman BT, Nixon RA, Jones DT. Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:33. [PMID: 33986301 PMCID: PMC8574196 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 800] [Impact Index Per Article: 266.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is biologically defined by the presence of β-amyloid-containing plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. AD is a genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative disease that causes an amnestic cognitive impairment in its prototypical presentation and non-amnestic cognitive impairment in its less common variants. AD is a common cause of cognitive impairment acquired in midlife and late-life but its clinical impact is modified by other neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular conditions. This Primer conceives of AD biology as the brain disorder that results from a complex interplay of loss of synaptic homeostasis and dysfunction in the highly interrelated endosomal/lysosomal clearance pathways in which the precursors, aggregated species and post-translationally modified products of Aβ and tau play important roles. Therapeutic endeavours are still struggling to find targets within this framework that substantially change the clinical course in persons with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helene Amieva
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Gäel Chételat
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Departments of Psychiatry and Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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16
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Bose S, He H, Stauber T. Neurodegeneration Upon Dysfunction of Endosomal/Lysosomal CLC Chloride Transporters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639231. [PMID: 33708769 PMCID: PMC7940362 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of luminal ion concentrations is critical for the function of, and transport between intracellular organelles. The importance of the acidic pH in the compartments of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway has been well-known for decades. Besides the V-ATPase, which pumps protons into their lumen, a variety of ion transporters and channels is involved in the regulation of the organelles' complex ion homeostasis. Amongst these are the intracellular members of the CLC family, ClC-3 through ClC-7. They localize to distinct but overlapping compartments of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway, partially with tissue-specific expression. Functioning as 2Cl−/H+ exchangers, they can support the vesicular acidification and accumulate luminal Cl−. Mutations in the encoding genes in patients and mouse models underlie severe phenotypes including kidney stones with CLCN5 and osteopetrosis or hypopigmentation with CLCN7. Dysfunction of those intracellular CLCs that are expressed in neurons lead to neuronal defects. Loss of endosomal ClC-3, which heteromerizes with ClC-4, results in neurodegeneration. Mutations in ClC-4 are associated with epileptic encephalopathy and intellectual disability. Mice lacking the late endosomal ClC-6 develop a lysosomal storage disease with reduced pain sensitivity. Human gene variants have been associated with epilepsy, and a gain-of-function mutation causes early-onset neurodegeneration. Dysfunction of the lysosomal ClC-7 leads to a lysosomal storage disease and neurodegeneration in mice and humans. Reduced luminal chloride, as well as altered calcium regulation, has been associated with lysosomal storage diseases in general. This review discusses the properties of endosomal and lysosomal Cl−/H+ exchange by CLCs and how various alterations of ion transport by CLCs impact organellar ion homeostasis and function in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shroddha Bose
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hailan He
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Human Medicine and Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Luo F, Sandhu AF, Rungratanawanich W, Williams GE, Akbar M, Zhou S, Song BJ, Wang X. Melatonin and Autophagy in Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197174. [PMID: 32998479 PMCID: PMC7584015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With aging, the nervous system gradually undergoes degeneration. Increased oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death are considered to be common pathophysiological mechanisms of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autophagy is a cellular basic metabolic process that degrades the aggregated or misfolded proteins and abnormal organelles in cells. The abnormal regulation of neuronal autophagy is accompanied by the accumulation and deposition of irregular proteins, leading to changes in neuron homeostasis and neurodegeneration. Autophagy exhibits both a protective mechanism and a damage pathway related to programmed cell death. Because of its "double-edged sword", autophagy plays an important role in neurological damage and NDDs including AD, PD, HD, OPIDN, and ALS. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone mainly synthesized in the pineal gland and exhibits a wide range of biological functions, such as sleep control, regulating circadian rhythm, immune enhancement, metabolism regulation, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-tumor effects. It can prevent cell death, reduce inflammation, block calcium channels, etc. In this review, we briefly discuss the neuroprotective role of melatonin against various NDDs via regulating autophagy, which could be a new field for future translational research and clinical studies to discover preventive or therapeutic agents for many NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Aaron F. Sandhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.R.); (B.-J.S.)
| | - George E. Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience & Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.R.); (B.-J.S.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Nixon RA. The aging lysosome: An essential catalyst for late-onset neurodegenerative diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140443. [PMID: 32416272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes figure prominently in theories of aging as the proteolytic system most responsible for eliminating growing burdens of damaged proteins and organelles in aging neurons and other long lived cells. Newer evidence shows that diverse experimental measures known to extend lifespan in invertebrate aging models share the property of boosting lysosomal clearance of substrates through the autophagy pathway. Maintaining an optimal level of lysosome acidification is particularly crucial for these anti-aging effects. The exceptional dependence of neurons on fully functional lysosomes is reflected by the neurological phenotypes that develop in congenital lysosomal storage disorders, which commonly present as severe neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative conditions even though the lysosomal deficit maybe systemic. Similar connections are now being appreciated between primary lysosomal deficit and the risk for late age-onset neurodegenerative disorders. In diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, as in aging alone, primary lysosome dysfunction due to acidification impairment is emerging as a frequent theme, supported by the growing list of familial neurodegenerative disorders that involve primary vATPase dysfunction. The additional cellular roles played by intraluminal pH in sensing nutrient and stress and modulating cellular signaling have further expanded the possible ways that lysosomal pH dysregulation in aging and disease can disrupt neuronal function. Here, we consider the impact of cellular aging on lysosomes and how the changes during aging may create the tipping point for disease emergence in major late-age onset neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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19
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Korolchuk VI, Sarkar S, Fanto M. Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2445-2448. [PMID: 32169483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK.
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Manolis Fanto
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institut, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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