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Abedi A, Farahmand F, Zanjani LO, Nabian MH. Effect of geometrical design variables on implantation configuration and fixation stiffness of titling bone anchors: A parametric finite element study. Med Eng Phys 2024; 129:104191. [PMID: 38906573 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical interaction of a tilting anchor and cancellous bones of various densities was simulated using finite element modeling. The model enjoyed a sophisticated representation of the bone, as an elasto-plastic material with large deformation capability. The anchor's tilting action during implantation phase, as well as its fixation stiffness during pull-out test, were predicted by the model and a parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of the anchor's distal width and corner fillet radius, on these measures. The model predictions were validated against the results of an experimental test on ovine humerus specimens. The model could reasonably reproduce the tilting action of the anchor during the implantation phase. Comparison of the model predictions with the experimental results revealed similar trends during both the implantation and the pull-out phases, but smaller displacement magnitudes (end points: 1.4 vs. 2.1 mm and 4.6 vs. 5.2 mm, respectively). The results of the parametric study indicated substantial increase in the fixation stiffness with increasing bone density. Reducing the distal width and increasing the fillet radius improved the anchor's implantation configuration and fixation stiffness in low-density bones. For high-density bone applications, however, a larger distal width was favored for improving the fixation stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abedi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Farahmand
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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He L, Zhao M, Cheung JPY, Zhang T, Ren X. Gaussian random field-based characterization and reconstruction of cancellous bone microstructure considering the constraint of correlation structure. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106443. [PMID: 38308976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The macro scale physical properties of cancellous bone materials are governed by the microstructural features, which is of great significance for the multi-scale research of cancellous bone and the inverse design of bone-mimicking materials. Therefore, it is essential to characterize the natural cancellous bone samples, and reconstruct the microstructures with the biomimetic osteointegration and mechanical properties. In this research, a novel approach for the characterization and reconstruction of cancellous bone was proposed, based on the medical image analysis and anisotropic three-dimensional Gaussian random field (GRF). The geometric similarity, i.e. the interface curvature distribution (ISD), was meticulously studied, which is important to the osteointegration ability. And the mechanical properties were validated by the stress-strain curves under the large compressive strain simulated by the smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method. In addition, the effects of the generation parameters of GRF-based biomimetic microstructures on the apparent properties were analyzed. The ISD results demonstrated that both GRF and micro-CT groups had the similar columnar morphological properties, while the latter had more hyperbolic features. And it was found that the GRF-based biomimetic microstructures and the natural bone samples based on micro-CT (MCT) had the similar failure mode. The concordance correlation coefficient between MCT and GRF pairs was 0.8685, with a Pearson ρ value of 0.8804, and significance level p<0.0001. The Bland-Altman LoA was 0.1647 MPa with 95 % (1.96SD) lower and upper bound value between -0.2892 and 0.6185 MPa. The two groups had almost the same elastic modulus with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 7.84 %. While the yield stress and total conversion energy of the GRF-based samples were lower than those of the natural bone samples, and the MAPE were 16.99 % and 16.27 %, respectively. Although it meant the lower structural efficiency, the huge design space of this approach and advanced 3D printing technology can provide great potential for the design of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Moxin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason Pui Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xiaodan Ren
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Ngan S, Rampersadh C, Rycman A, Cronin DS. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics implementation to enhance vertebral fracture finite element model in a cervical spine segment under compression. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 151:106412. [PMID: 38262183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can arise from compression loading when a vertebra fractures and bone fragments are pushed into the spinal canal. Experimental studies have demonstrated the importance of both fracture initiation and post-fracture response in the investigation of vertebral fractures and spinal canal occlusion resulting from compression. Finite element models, such as the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) model, focused on predicting the initiation location of fractures using element erosion to model hard tissue fracture. However, the element erosion method resulted in a loss of material and structural support during compression, which limited the ability of the model to predict the post-fracture response. The current study aimed to improve the post-fracture response by combining strain-based element erosion with smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to preserve the volume of the trabecular bone during compression fracture. The proposed implementation was evaluated using a model comprising two functional spinal units (FSUs) (C5-C6-C7) extracted from the GHBMC 50th percentile male model, and loaded under central compression. The original and enhanced models were compared to experimental force-displacement data and measured occlusion of the spinal canal. The enhanced model with SPH improved the shape and magnitude of the force-displacement response to be in good agreement with the experimental data. In contrast to the original model, the enhanced SPH model demonstrated occlusion on the same order of magnitude as reported in the experiments. The SPH implementation improved the post-fracture response by representing the damaged material post-fracture, providing structural support throughout compression loading and material flow leading to occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ngan
- Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada
| | - C Rampersadh
- Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada
| | - A Rycman
- Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada
| | - D S Cronin
- Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada.
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Yeni YN, Dix MR, Xiao A, Oravec DJ. Uniaxial compressive properties of human lumbar 1 vertebrae loaded beyond compaction and their relationship to cortical and cancellous microstructure, size and density properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 133:105334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A Damage Model to Trabecular Bone and Similar Materials: Residual Resource, Effective Elasticity Modulus, and Effective Stress under Uniaxial Compression. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental research of bone strength remains costly and limited for ethical and technical reasons. Therefore, to predict the mechanical state of bone tissue, as well as similar materials, it is desirable to use computer technology and mathematical modeling. Yet, bone tissue as a bio-mechanical object with a hierarchical structure is difficult to analyze for strength and rigidity; therefore, empirical models are often used, the disadvantage of which is their limited application scope. The use of new analytical solutions overcomes the limitations of empirical models and significantly improves the way engineering problems are solved. Aim of the paper: the development of analytical solutions for computer models of the mechanical state of bone and similar materials. Object of research: a model of trabecular bone tissue as a quasi-brittle material under uniaxial compression (or tension). The new ideas of the fracture mechanics, as well as the methods of mathematical modeling and the biomechanics of bone tissues were used in the work. Compression and tension are considered as asymmetric mechanical states of the material. Results: a new nonlinear function that simulates both tension and compression is justified, analytical solutions for determining the effective and apparent elastic modulus are developed, the residual resource function and the damage function are justified, and the dependences of the initial and effective stresses on strain are obtained. Using the energy criterion, it is proven that the effective stress continuously increases both before and after the extremum point on the load-displacement plot. It is noted that the destruction of bone material is more likely at the inflection point of the load-displacement curve. The model adequacy is explained by the use of the energy criterion of material degradation. The results are consistent with the experimental data available in the literature.
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Fischer B, Hofmann A, Kurz S, Edel M, Zajonz DJ, Roth A, Schleifenbaum S. Influence of the fixation technique on the mechanical properties of human cancellous bone of the femoral head. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 82:105280. [PMID: 33582564 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The femoral head is of central importance for the force transmission from the suprapelvic body mass to the lower extremity. However, the condition of the subcortical bone and its mechanical properties in case of pathological changes due to coxarthrosis or femoral head necrosis differ from the healthy condition. METHODS Fresh femoral heads were gathered during hip total endoprosthesis surgeries and cylindrical cancellous bone samples were extracted with a hollow drill. By means of a uniaxial tensile-compression test system, the compressive strength was determined for two different specimen types (fresh and 24 h storage in acetone). Exemplary tests on an exceptionally large femoral head were performed to compare properties of fresh, fresh-deep-frozen and acetone-stored samples. FINDINGS The deformation behaviour and the material parameters determined were very heterogeneous. For most of the specimens, a destructive material test was successfully carried out, i.e. the compressive strength was determined. The average strength of fresh specimens was slightly higher than that of acetone specimens. On the other hand, the average Young's modulus of the acetone specimens was higher than that of the fresh specimens. INTERPRETATION The lower Young's moodulus of the fresh samples compared to the acetone samples could indicate a causal effect of the degreasing influence of the acetone. The partly considerable individual differences in compressive strength and failure compression can have patient-specific influencing factors such as constitution and physical fitness as well as causes in the initial pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fischer
- ZESBO - Center for Research on Musculoskeletal Systems, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstrasse 14, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sascha Kurz
- ZESBO - Center for Research on Musculoskeletal Systems, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstrasse 14, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Edel
- ZESBO - Center for Research on Musculoskeletal Systems, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstrasse 14, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Jörg Zajonz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Roth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schleifenbaum
- ZESBO - Center for Research on Musculoskeletal Systems, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstrasse 14, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Pawlikowski M, Jankowski K, Skalski K. New microscale constitutive model of human trabecular bone based on depth sensing indentation technique. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 85:162-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gao LL, Wei CL, Zhang CQ, Gao H, Yang N, Dong LM. Quasi-static and ratcheting properties of trabecular bone under uniaxial and cyclic compression. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:1050-1059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A new constitutive model for simulation of softening, plateau, and densification phenomena for trabecular bone under compression. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 65:213-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Prot M, Cloete T, Saletti D, Laporte S. The behavior of cancellous bone from quasi-static to dynamic strain rates with emphasis on the intermediate regime. J Biomech 2016; 49:1050-1057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kumar A, Negi YS, Choudhary V, Bhardwaj NK. Fabrication of poly (vinyl alcohol)/ovalbumin/cellulose nanocrystals/nanohydroxyapatite based biocomposite scaffolds. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1099102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Prot M, Cloete T, Saletti D, Laporte S. Intermediate strain rate behaviour of cancellous bone: Links between microstructural and mechanical properties. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159403006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tsouknidas A, Maliaris G, Savvakis S, Michailidis N. Anisotropic post-yield response of cancellous bone simulated by stress–strain curves of bulk equivalent structures. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 18:839-46. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.849342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Malekmotiei L, Farahmand F, Shodja HM, Samadi-Dooki A. An Analytical Approach to Study the Intraoperative Fractures of Femoral Shaft During Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Biomech Eng 2013; 135:041004. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4023699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An analytical approach which is popular in micromechanical studies has been extended to the solution for the interference fit problem of the femoral stem in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). The multiple inhomogeneity problem of THA in transverse plane, including an elliptical stem, a cortical wall, and a cancellous layer interface, was formulated using the equivalent inclusion method (EIM) to obtain the induced interference elastic fields. Results indicated a maximum interference fit of about 210 μm before bone fracture, predicted based on the Drucker–Prager criterion for a partially reamed section. The cancellous layer had a significant effect on reducing the hoop stresses in the cortical wall; the maximum press fit increased to as high as 480 μm for a 2 mm thick cancellous. The increase of the thickness and the mechanical quality, i.e., stiffness and strength, of the cortical wall also increased the maximum interference fit before fracture significantly. No considerable effect was found for the implant material on the maximum allowable interference fit. It was concluded that while larger interference fits could be adapted for younger patients, care must be taken when dealing with the elderly and those suffering from osteoporosis. A conservative reaming procedure is beneficial for such patients; however, in order to ensure sufficient primary stability without risking bone fracture, a preoperative analysis might be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Malekmotiei
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9313, Tehran, Iran e-mail:
| | - Farzam Farahmand
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9567, Tehran, Iran e-mail:
| | - Hossein M. Shodja
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9313, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran e-mail:
| | - Aref Samadi-Dooki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9313, Tehran, Iran e-mail:
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Zhuravleva K, Chivu A, Teresiak A, Scudino S, Calin M, Schultz L, Eckert J, Gebert A. Porous low modulus Ti40Nb compacts with electrodeposited hydroxyapatite coating for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:2280-7. [PMID: 23498259 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porous ß-type non-toxic Ti40Nb alloy was prepared by compaction of mechanically alloyed powder mixed with NaCl or Mg particles as space-holder material. The compacts with porosity of 36-80% demonstrated a very low Young's modulus of ~1.5-3 GPa and compression strength of ~10-35 MPa, which is suitable for potential implant material application. Porous samples were electrochemically covered with hydroxyapatite. The influence of the deposition time and of the electrolyte concentrations on the morphology of the hydroxyapatite coating was studied. It is demonstrated that a homogenous coating of hydroxyapatite crystals with different shape and size can be obtained on the surface of the porous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhuravleva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270016,D-01171 Dresden, Germany.
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