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Sahadi BO, Domingues BC, Soto-Montero J, de Araújo Neto VG, Riquieri H, Giannini M. Effect of toothbrushing on surface roughness, gloss, and topography of polished and glazed ultra-translucent zirconia. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:103-109. [PMID: 38526464 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the effect of toothbrushing cycles on surface roughness (Ra), gloss (GU), and morphology of two zirconia finishing and polishing protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ultra-translucent zirconia disc was sectioned into rectangular plates (12 mm × 7 mm × 3 mm) and divided into two groups according to the polishing and finishing system used (diamond rubber abrasive/DRA or glazing/GLA). Bovine enamel (BEN) plates with the same dimensions were used as a Control. Specimens of zirconia and enamel were analyzed for Ra and GU (n = 11) and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (n = 3) before toothbrushing (baseline) and after 15,000 and 30,000 toothbrushing cycles. Ra and GU data were analyzed by ANOVA two-way and post-hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05), while the surface morphology was analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS The Ra decreased significantly after 30,000 toothbrushing cycles for DRA and GLA zirconia ceramics. DRA showed a higher GU at the baseline, after 15,000 and 30,000 toothbrushing cycles than GLA and BEN. Toothbrushing polished the zirconia, creating a smooth surface, while no changes were observed for BEN. CONCLUSIONS The increase in toothbrushing cycles (30,000) changed the surface roughness of DRA and GLA zirconia ceramics. DRA zirconia presented the highest GU, which did not change with toothbrushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ometto Sahadi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Hilton Riquieri
- Hilton Riquieri Training Center - Dental Prosthesis Laboratory, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Morsy N, El Kateb M, Ghoneim MM, Holiel AA. Surface roughness, wear, and abrasiveness of printed and milled occlusal veneers after thermomechanical aging. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00494-3. [PMID: 39095215 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Occlusal veneers are a conservative method of reestablishing vertical dimensions of occlusion (VDO) for worn teeth. A restorative material used for occlusal veneers should have a smooth surface, adequate wear resistance, and low abrasiveness to the antagonists, as total wear of occlusal veneers and their antagonists determines the stability of the reestablished VDO. Studies on roughness, wear, and abrasiveness of occlusal veneers are scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the surface roughness, wear, and abrasiveness of printed and milled occlusal veneers after thermomechanical aging against natural cusps and restorative materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-eight extracted mandibular first molars were prepared for occlusal veneers and scanned with an intraoral scanner. The scans were exported to a computer-aided design program to design the occlusal veneers in 3 groups (n=16) according to the restorative material: group IP: milled lithium disilicate; group EN: milled hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic), group VA: printed hybrid ceramic (Varseosmile Crown plus). The occlusal veneers in each group were bonded to their corresponding abutments and subjected to 250 000 mechanical cycles and a simultaneous 1000 thermal cycles in a mastication simulator. During thermomechanical aging, half of the specimens of each study group (n=8) were opposed by natural cusps (antagonist C) and the other half by antagonist cusps fabricated from the same restorative material as the occlusal veneers (antagonist R). The wear of the occlusal veneers and their antagonists was assessed with a 3-dimensional processing software program. The surface roughness of the veneers was assessed with a contact profilometer. The results were statistically analyzed with a 2-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Tukey HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS The 2-way ANOVA indicated a significant effect for the material and the antagonist on surface roughness, wear, and abrasiveness (P<.05). When opposed by antagonist C, VA showed significantly higher surface roughness than IP and EN (P<.001). VA had significantly higher surface wear followed by EN and IP (P<.001). IP caused significantly higher wear to antagonist C than EN and VA (P<.001). In addition, IP had significantly higher total wear (combined wear of veneers and their antagonists) followed by VA and EN (P<.001). When opposed by antagonist R, no significant difference was found among the 3 materials for surface roughness (P=.08), material wear (P=.12), opposing wear (P=.11), or total wear (P=.11). CONCLUSIONS Both material and antagonist had a significant effect on surface roughness and occlusal stability when occlusal veneers were fabricated to restore VDO. VA had significantly more surface roughness and wear than EN and IP when opposed by natural cusps. IP abraded natural cusps significantly more than EN and VA. The 3 tested materials showed similar roughness, wear, and abrasiveness when opposed by the same material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Morsy
- Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed El Kateb
- Fixed prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona Mohamed Ghoneim
- Conservative Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Holiel
- Conservative Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Dejak BD, Langot C, Krasowski M, Klich M. Evaluation of Hardness and Wear of Conventional and Transparent Zirconia Ceramics, Feldspathic Ceramic, Glaze, and Enamel. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3518. [PMID: 39063809 PMCID: PMC11278436 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the hardness, coefficient of friction, and wear experienced by four different ceramic samples: 3Y-TZP zirconium oxide ceramics-Zi-Ceramill Zi (Amman Girrbach), 5Y-PSZ transparent zirconium oxide ceramics-Zol-Ceramill Zolid (Amman Girrbach), Sak-feldspathic ceramics-Sakura Interaction (Elephant), and Glaze (Amman Girrbach). The Vickers hardness of the samples was measured. Friction tests ball-on-disc were performed between the discs of four ceramics and a zirconia ceramic ball, then a premolar tooth as a counter-sample. The mass loss and the friction coefficients of the ceramic samples were determined. The tooth counter-samples were 3D scanned, and enamel attrition depths and mass were measured. The following hardness values (HV1) were obtained: 1454 ± 46 HV1 for Zi, 1439 ± 62 HV1 for Zol, 491 ± 16 HV1 for Sak, 593 ± 16 HV1 for Glaze, and 372 ± 41 HV1 for enamel. The mass losses of the teeth in contact with ceramics were 0.1 mg for Zi, 0.1 mg for Zol, 5.5 mg for Sak, and 4 mg for Glaze. Conventional and transparent zirconium oxide ceramics are four times harder than enamel and three times harder than veneering ceramics. Zirconia ceramics exhibit lower wear and a more homogenous, smoother surface than the other ceramics. Tooth tissues are subject to greater attrition in contact with veneering ceramics than with polished zirconium oxide ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Dorota Dejak
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Cezary Langot
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michal Krasowski
- University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marek Klich
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Technical University, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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Simeon P, Unkovskiy A, Saadat Sarmadi B, Nicic R, Koch PJ, Beuer F, Schmidt F. Wear resistance and flexural properties of low force SLA- and DLP-printed splint materials in different printing orientations: An in vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106458. [PMID: 38364445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of material and printing orientation on wear resistance and flexural properties of one low force SLA- and two DLP-printed splint materials and to compare these 3D-printed splints to a subtractively manufactured splint material. METHODS Two DLP-printed (V-Print splint, LuxaPrint Ortho Plus) and one low force SLA-printed (Dental LT Clear) material, where specimens were printed in three printing orientations (0°, 45°, 90°), were investigated. In addition, one milled splint material (Zirlux Splint Transparent) was examined. A total of 160 specimens were produced for both test series. The two-body wear test was performed in a chewing simulator (80'000 cycles at 50 N with 5-55 °C thermocycling). Steatite balls were used as antagonists. The wear pattern was analyzed with a 3D digital microscope in terms of maximum vertical intrusion depth (mm) and total volume loss (mm³). The flexural properties were investigated by three-point bending in accordance with ISO 20795-1: 2013 (denture base polymers). The flexural strength (MPa) and the flexural modulus (MPa) were measured. Two-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the effects of the two independent variables material and printing orientation for the three 3D-printed materials. The comparison of the printing orientations within one material was carried out with one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey tests. RESULTS Two-way ANOVA revealed that wear and flexural properties are highly dependent on the 3D-printed material (p < 0.001). Across groups, a significant effect was observed for wear depth (p = 0.031) and wear volume (p = 0.044) with regard to printing orientation but this was not found for flexural strength (p = 0.080) and flexural modulus (p = 0.136). One-way ANOVA showed that both DLP-printed groups showed no significant differences within the printing orientations in terms of wear and flexural properties. Dental LT Clear showed that 90° oriented specimens had higher flexural strength than 0° oriented ones (p < 0.001) and 45° oriented specimens also showed higher values than 0° ones (p = 0.038). No significant differences were observed within the printing orientations for flexural modulus and wear behaviour within this group. T-tests showed that the milled splints exhibited statistically higher wear resistance and flexural properties compared to all three 3D-printed splint materials (p < 0.001) and that highly significant differences were found between the 3D-printed splint materials for both test series. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be stated that wear behaviour and flexural properties are highly dependent on the 3D-printed material itself. Currently, milled splints exhibit higher wear resistance and flexural properties compared to 3D-printed splint materials. The printing orientation has a minor influence on the properties investigated. Nevertheless, two-way ANOVA also showed a significant influence of printing orientation in the wear test across groups and one-way ANOVA detected significant effects for SLA material in terms of flexural strength, with printing in 90° showing the highest flexural strength. Therefore, anisotropy was found in SLA material, but it can be limited with the employed printing parameters. Both DLP-printed materials showed no significant difference within the printing orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Simeon
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexey Unkovskiy
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany; Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 19с1, Moscow, 119146, Russia
| | - Bardia Saadat Sarmadi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Nicic
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Julia Koch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Orthodontics and Orthofacial Orthopedics, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Beuer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
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Radwan MM, Abdou A, Nagi N, Younes DH, Mahrous A. Wear characteristics of esthetic resin matrix and zirconia reinforced lithium disilicate CAD/CAM materials: two-body wear and surface topography analysis. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023; 72:280-290. [PMID: 37255305 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This in vitro study assessed the wear behavior of different CAD-CAM blocks and the abrasion of the enamel antagonist against these materials. METHODS 64 disk-shaped specimens were prepared from 8 different CAD/CAM blocks as follow: one lithium disilicate glass ceramics block "IPS Emax CAD" as control group, two zirconia reinforced lithium silicate "Vita Suprinity & Celtra DUO," one interpenetrating network ceramic block "Vita Enamic," Three resin-based block composites "Lava Ultimate, Cerasmart & Brilliant-crios" as well as one hybrid nanoceramic "Shofu block HC". All specimens were mounted against canine and tested for two body wear analysis using a chewing simulating loading machine (100,000 cycles, 50 N, 5/55 °C). The amount of wear loss was measured for each specimen using a digital precise scale. Wear area before and after the chewing simulation were evaluated using an optical profilometer. Data analysed using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc. RESULTS The results showed a significantly higher wear loss in resin matrix ceramics in comparison to glass ceramics. However, for tooth wear glass ceramics had significantly higher value than hybrid ceramics. CONCLUSIONS Resin based CAD/CAM Blocks gives a superior result when evaluating the wear behavior and its effect on the opposing tooth surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bani-Suef University, Bani-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, El Tur, Egypt -
| | - Nermeen Nagi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Dina H Younes
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Mahrous
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Mory N, Cascos R, Celemín-Viñuela A, Gómez-Polo C, Agustín-Panadero R, Gómez-Polo M. Comparison of the Surface Roughness of CAD/CAM Metal-Free Materials Used for Complete-Arch Implant-Supported Prostheses: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3036. [PMID: 38002036 PMCID: PMC10669478 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The roughness of the intra-oral surfaces significantly influences the initial adhesion and the retention of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to analyze the surface texture of four different CAD-CAM materials (two high-performance polymers and two fifth-generation zirconia) used for complete-arch implant-supported prostheses (CAISPs), and to investigate the effect of artificial aging on their roughness. A total of 40 milled prostheses were divided into 4 groups (n = 10) according to their framework material, bio.HPP (B), bio.HPP Plus (BP), zirconia Luxor Z Frame (ZF), and Luxor Z True Nature (ZM). The areal surface roughness "Sa" and the maximum height "Sz" of each specimen was measured on the same site after laboratory fabrication (lab as-received specimen) and after thermocycling (5-55 °C, 10,000 cycles) by using a noncontact optical profilometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28.0.1. One-way ANOVA with multiple comparison tests (p = 0.05) and repeated measures ANOVA were used. After thermocycling, all materials maintained "Sa" values at the laboratory as-received specimen level (p = 0.24). "Sz" increased only for the zirconia groups (p = 0.01). B-BP exhibited results equal/slightly better than ZM-ZF. This study provides more realistic surface texture values of new metal-free materials used in real anatomical CAISPs after the manufacturing and aging processes and establishes a detailed and reproducible measurement workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Mory
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (A.C.-V.); (M.G.-P.)
| | - Rocío Cascos
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (A.C.-V.); (M.G.-P.)
- Department of Nursing and Estomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Celemín-Viñuela
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (A.C.-V.); (M.G.-P.)
| | - Cristina Gómez-Polo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Rubén Agustín-Panadero
- Prosthodontic and Occlusion Unit, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Miguel Gómez-Polo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Orofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.M.); (A.C.-V.); (M.G.-P.)
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Kosewski P, De Angelis F, Sorrentino E, Mielczarek A, Buonvivere M, D’Arcangelo C. Effect of the Abutment Rigidity on the Wear Resistance of a Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic: An In Vitro Study. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:395. [PMID: 37623640 PMCID: PMC10455685 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium disilicate (LDS) glass ceramics are among the most common biomaterials in conservative dentistry and prosthodontics, and their wear behavior is of paramount clinical interest. An innovative in vitro model is presented, which employs CAD/CAM technology to simulate the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The model aims to evaluate the effect of the abutment rigidity on the wear resistance of the LDS glass ceramic. Two experimental groups (LDS restorations supported by dental implants, named LDS-on-Implant, or by hybrid ceramic tooth replicas with artificial periodontal ligament, named LDS-on-Tooth-Replica) and a control group (LDS-Cylinders) were compared. Fifteen samples (n = 15) were fabricated for each group and subjected to testing, with LDS antagonistic cusps opposing them over 120,000 cycles using a dual axis chewing simulator. Wear resistance was analyzed by measuring the vertical wear depth (mm) and the volume loss (mm3) on each LDS sample, as well as the linear antagonist wear (mm) on LDS cusps. Mean values were calculated for LDS-Cylinders (0.186 mm, 0.322 mm3, 0.220 mm, respectively), LDS-on-Implant (0.128 mm, 0.166 mm3, 0.199 mm, respectively), and LDS-on-Tooth-Replica (0.098 mm, 0.107 mm3, 0.172 mm, respectively) and compared using one-way-ANOVA and Tukey's tests. The level of significance was set at 0.05 in all tests. Wear facets were inspected under a scanning electron microscope. Data analysis revealed that abutment rigidity was able to significantly affect the wear pattern of LDS, which seems to be more intense on rigid implant-abutment supports compared to resilient teeth replicas with artificial periodontal ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco De Angelis
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, School of Dentistry, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Edoardo Sorrentino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Agnieszka Mielczarek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Matteo Buonvivere
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, School of Dentistry, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Camillo D’Arcangelo
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, School of Dentistry, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.B.); (C.D.)
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Çakmak G, Subaşı MG, Sert M, Yilmaz B. Effect of surface treatments on wear and surface properties of different CAD-CAM materials and their enamel antagonists. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:495-506. [PMID: 34301415 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Which surface treatment provides optimal surface roughness, microhardness, and wear behavior for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials and their enamel antagonists is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatment on the surface roughness, microhardness, and 2-body wear of different CAD-CAM materials and their enamel antagonists. MATERIAL AND METHODS Monolithic zirconia, polymer-infiltrated ceramic network, lithium disilicate, leucite-reinforced ceramic, zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate, and feldspathic ceramic specimens were sliced into 2-mm-thick rectangular plates and divided into polished or glazed subgroups (n=6). After surface roughness and microhardness measurements, the specimens were loaded at 49 N for 250 000 cycles and simultaneously thermocycled (5 °C and 55 °C). All specimens were scanned before and after the wear test by using a scanner. The volumetric loss and wear depth of the materials and the volumetric and height loss of the enamel were calculated, and scanning electron microscope images of the specimens were made. Multiple 2-way ANOVAs and Tukey honestly significant difference tests were used to assess the effect of material and surface treatment on surface roughness, microhardness, and wear behavior of materials and enamel (α=.05). RESULTS Material and surface treatment interactions affected the surface roughness (P<.001), microhardness (P<.001), volumetric loss of materials (P=.044), and height loss of enamel (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Polishing resulted in higher surface roughness and microhardness than glazing. Volumetric loss depended on the material, which affected the height loss of the antagonists. Glazing and polishing had similar effects on the volumetric loss of materials and antagonists. No correlation was found between the wear of materials and the antagonists, nor between the surface roughness of materials and the volumetric loss of materials or antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakmak
- Buser Foundation Scholar for Implant Dentistry, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Meryem Gülce Subaşı
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Murat Sert
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Jun MJ, Kang JH, Sakthiabirami K, Hosseini Toopghara SA, Kim YS, Yun KD, Park SW. The Impact of Particle Size and Surface Treatment of Zirconia Suspension for Photocuring Additive Manufacturing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1670. [PMID: 36837300 PMCID: PMC9964648 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To prepare a photocurable ceramic suspension for use in commercialized additive manufacturing equipment, the effects of the rheological properties of zirconia particles added to a binder, and the presence or absence of a silane coupling agent on the particles was evaluated. To this end, three experimental groups (ZSs, ZMs, ZLs) and three control groups (ZS, ZM, ZL) were designed depending on the size of the underlying zirconia particles. The test-group zirconia suspensions were prepared through silanization, which was not applied to the control-group suspensions. Depending on the particle size, viscosity differences between the test and control groups were 16,842, 18,623, and 12,303 mPa·s, respectively. Compared to the other groups, the viscosity of the ZLs group suspension decreased by 70.98-88.04%. This confirmed that the viscosity of the suspensions was affected by the particle size and the presence of silane coating. The dispersion stability of the zirconia suspensions was evaluated over 20 days. A sedimentation test confirmed that the sedimentation rate of the ZLs group was slower than those of the other groups. This study aimed to optimize the suspension manufacturing method to effectively be utilized in further commercializing zirconia three-dimensional (3D) printing and could also help to develop various medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Jin Jun
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gwangju Health University, Gwangju 62287, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumaresan Sakthiabirami
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Evaluation and Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ye-Seul Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwi-Dug Yun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Evaluation and Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Engineering Joint Research, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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10
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Schnitzhofer K, Rauch A, Schmidt M, Rosentritt M. Impact of the occlusal contact pattern and occlusal adjustment on the wear and stability of crowns. J Dent 2023; 128:104364. [PMID: 36403693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of the occlusal contact situation and occlusal adjustment on wear, roughness, and fracture force of molar crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS CAD/CAM crowns (lower right first molar, n = 64; 4 groups à 8, 3Y-TZP zirconia and resin composite) and corresponding antagonists (upper right first molar; 3Y-TZP zirconia) were manufactured. Crowns were constructed according to two principles of occlusion (group "T": Peter K. Thomas' "point-centric" cusp-to-fossa tripodization concept, with 15 contact points; group "RA" Sigurd P. Ramfjord and Major M. Ash, "freedom in centric" concept with four contacts). On one half of the crowns, occlusal adjustment was performed (groups "T adjusted" and "RA adjusted"). All crowns underwent combined thermal cycling (TC) and mechanical loading (ML) (ML: 1.2 × 106 cycles, 50 N, 2 Hz, mouth opening 1 mm; TC: 2 × 3000 cycles, 5/55°C). Wear area and depth of each contact point on the occlusal surfaces of crowns and antagonists were determined using a digital microscope. Surface roughness (Ra, Rz) was measured in and besides (reference) the worn area (3D laser-scanning microscope). Fracture force of the crowns was determined (statistics: Levene-test, one-way-ANOVA; Bonferroni-post-hoc-test; between-subjects effects, Pearson correlation, α=0.05). RESULTS The resin composite crowns yielded significantly higher mean values for wear area and depth (p < 0.001) and lower fracture forces (p < 0.001). Resin composite surfaces showed increased roughness after TCML while zirconia exhibited smoothened surfaces. The occlusal design significantly impacted wear depth (p = 0.012) and fracture force (p < 0.001). Resin composite crowns with fewer contact points (group RA) showed more wear and lower fracture force. Adjusted resin composite crowns showed increased wear areas and depths (p = 0.009-0.013). For zirconia crowns, the adjustment impacted wear area (p = 0.013), wear depth (p = 0.008), and fracture force (p = 0.006), with adjusted zirconia crowns exhibiting more wear and lower maximum forces until fracture. Zirconia wear depth was also impacted by the occlusal design (p = 0.012). Antagonistic wear was influenced by the restorative material, the occlusal contact pattern, and the adjustment. CONCLUSIONS The investigated materials show strongly varying performances with zirconia being significantly influenced by the adjustment, while for resin composites, contact design and adjustment had a major impact. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results show the necessity of adapting occlusal design and adjustment in order to improve roughness, wear, and stability of zirconia and resin composite crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schnitzhofer
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93042, Germany
| | - Angelika Rauch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93042, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93042, Germany
| | - Martin Rosentritt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93042, Germany.
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11
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Güleç C, Sarıkaya I. The influence of aging on the fracture load of milled monolithic crowns. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:516. [PMCID: PMC9675227 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This in-vitro study was conducted to assess the effect of aging on the fracture load of molar crowns fabricated with monolithic CAD/CAM materials. Methods The crown restorations were produced from Cerasmart, Vita Enamic, and IPS e.max CAD blocks. Aging was applied to the 10 samples each of monolithic CAD/CAM materials (n = 10). Dual-axis chewing simulator (50 N, 1.1 Hz, lateral movement: 1 mm, mouth opening: 2 mm, 1,200,000 cycles) and thermocycling (± 5–55 °C, 6000 cycles) were applied as an aging procedure. 10 samples each of monolithic CAD/CAM materials without aging (n = 10) were considered the control group. 6 tested groups were obtained. Then, all samples were evaluated in a universal testing machine to determine the fracture loading values’. Results There was not a statistically significant difference between the fracture load values before and after aging for all samples of Cerasmart, Vita Enamic, and IPS e.max CAD (p > 0.005). In a comparison of the monolithic materials together, a statistically significant difference was found between the fracture load values of IPS e.max CAD and Vita Enamic crowns before aging (p = 0.02). Also, Vita Enamic crowns (1978,71 ± 364,05 N) were found different from the IPS e.max CAD (p = 0.005) and Cerasmart crowns (p = 0.041) after aging. Conclusions Dynamic aging with 1.200.000 cycles was found to have no effect to fracture loading on milled Cerasmart, Vita Enamic, and IPS e.max CAD monolithic crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Güleç
- grid.411550.40000 0001 0689 906XDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Ali Şevki Erek Campus, 60100 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Işıl Sarıkaya
- grid.411550.40000 0001 0689 906XDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Ali Şevki Erek Campus, 60100 Tokat, Turkey
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12
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Baldi A, Carossa M, Comba A, Alovisi M, Femiano F, Pasqualini D, Berutti E, Scotti N. Wear Behaviour of Polymer-Infiltrated Network Ceramics, Lithium Disilicate and Cubic Zirconia against Enamel in a Bruxism-Simulated Scenario. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071682. [PMID: 35884986 PMCID: PMC9313215 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the wear rate of polymer-infiltrated network composites and ceramics against enamel in a bruxism-simulated scenario. Ninety-six (n = 96) molars were divided into six groups (n = 16) according to their occlusal material: group 1—a polymer-infiltrated network ceramic (PINC); group 2—a second polymer-infiltrated network ceramic (PINC2); group 3—nanohybrid resin-based composite (CO); group 4—cubic zirconia (ZR); group 5—lithium disilicate (LS); and group 6—sound enamel (EN). A laser scanner was used to digitalize all of the occlusal surfaces before and after a fatigue test, which was conducted with a chewing simulator set at 80 N and semicircular movement in order to simulate bruxist movement and loads. Statistical analysis of volume loss was performed with a one-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test. ZR had significantly inferior wear to PINC (p ≤ 0.01) and CO (p = 0.04). LS wore the antagonist enamel significantly more than PINC, CO, PINC2 and EN (p ≤ 0.01). On the other hand, ZR wore the antagonist enamel significantly more than CO (p ≤ 0.01) and PINC2 (p = 0.05). In conclusion, PINCs better preserved antagonist enamel at the expense of a higher wear of their own. LS causes significantly higher enamel wear compared with PINCs. ZR caused significantly higher enamel wear compared with CO and PINC2, but it was wear-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baldi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (D.P.); (E.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Massimo Carossa
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (D.P.); (E.B.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Allegra Comba
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (D.P.); (E.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (D.P.); (E.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Felice Femiano
- Restorative Dentistry, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Study of Campania, “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 6, 83138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Damiano Pasqualini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (D.P.); (E.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Elio Berutti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (D.P.); (E.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Nicola Scotti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (D.P.); (E.B.); (N.S.)
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13
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Wear behavior and abrasiveness of monolithic CAD/CAM ceramics after simulated mastication. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6593-6605. [PMID: 35819543 PMCID: PMC9643261 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the wear resistance and abrasiveness of monolithic CAD/CAM ceramics. Materials and methods Rectangular-shaped specimens (12 mm × 6.5 mm × 1.5 mm) were sectioned from the following CAD/CAM blocks (n = 10); partially crystallized lithium disilicate (PLD), experimental fully crystallized lithium disilicate (FLD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS), super-translucent monolithic zirconia (SMZ), and ultra-translucent monolithic zirconia (UMZ). Silicon carbide papers were used to mechanically flatten and polish the surfaces. PLD specimens were subjected to a combined crystallization/glazing firing cycle. Ceramic specimens were mounted to the wear device and tested for 200,000 cycles against human premolars at 20 N force and 2 mm sliding distance. Artificial saliva was used as a lubricant. The teeth were scanned using micro-CT before and after the wear test and the generated models were overlapped to determine the volumetric tooth loss. Before and after the test, specimens’ weights and surface roughness (Ra) values were measured, and the differences were calculated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were utilized for microstructural and chemical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA or an equivalent test for non-parametric results. Significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results The type of ceramic material affected the ceramic and antagonist wear rates (P < 0.001). PLD and ZLS had the highest ceramic and antagonist wear, whereas UMZ and SMZ demonstrated the lowest wear values. The FLD group showed comparable antagonist wear and significantly less ceramic wear than PLD and ZLS. Conclusions Monolithic zirconia demonstrated the best wear resistance and least abrasiveness to the antagonist. The experimental lithium disilicate was more wear-resistant than other glass–ceramic groups. Clinical relevance Monolithic zirconia is wear-resistant and gentle on the antagonist. In contrast, glass–ceramics are more abrasive to enamel. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-022-04611-w.
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14
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Zhang Z, Wang Q, Wang F, Li D, Meng M, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Effect of aqueous environment on wear resistance of dental glass-ceramics. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:143. [PMID: 35473925 PMCID: PMC9044826 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wear resistance affects dental ceramics longevity and the functions of the opposing teeth. However, data for the effect of aqueous environment on wear resistance of dental ceramics are lacking. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous environment on wear resistance of typical dental glass–ceramics. Methods Disk specimens were prepared from lithium disilicate glass–ceramics (LD) and leucite reinforced glass–ceramics (LEU). The disk specimens paired with steatite antagonists were tested in a pin-on-disk tribometer under both wet and dry conditions with 10 N up to 500,000 wear cycles. The wear analysis of glass–ceramics was performed using a 3D profilometer after 100,000, 300,000 and 500,000 wear cycles. Wear morphologies were analyzed by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystalline compositions of specimens stored in a dry environment and subsequently immersed in distilled water for 40 h were separately determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical states of the wear surfaces for LD were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The data analysis and multiple pair-wise comparisons of means were performed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results LEU in a wet environment exhibited less wear volume loss than that in a dry environment (p < 0.05). The volume loss of LD in a wet environment was higher than that in a dry environment (p < 0.05). The wear volumes of steatite antagonists paired with two glass–ceramics under dry conditions were higher than under wet conditions. Conclusions XPS spectra of LD under wet conditions indicated that high wear loss might result from the effect of stress corrosion by water and reaction of water with the ionic-covalent bonds at the crack tip. XPS spectra and SEM images of LD under dry conditions showed a possible formation of tribofilm. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, water was wear-friendly to LEU and all opposing steatites but aggravated wear for LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ding Li
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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The effect of aging on the wear performance of monolithic zirconia. Dent Mater 2022; 38:e136-e146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Ozturk I, Caglar I, Duymus ZY. The effect of adjustment and finishing procedure on roughness, strength, and phase transformation of monolithic zirconia. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4761-4768. [PMID: 35292846 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of adjustment and finishing procedures and thermal aging of monolithic zirconia on the surface roughness, phase transformation, and flexural strength. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred disk-shaped monolithic zirconia specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, received only glazing; group Gr, was grinded; group GrP, was grinded and polished; group GrG, was grinded and re-glazed; group GrPG, was re-glazed after grinding and polishing. Half of the each group were stored in distilled water for 24 h and the remaining were thermocycled for 5000 cycles. Topographic evaluations were done with profilometer and scanning electron microscope. Phase changes were assessed through X-ray diffractometer. The biaxial flexural strength test was calculated by universal test machine. Statistical analysis was performed by using two-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Group Gr showed statistically higher surface roughness and flexural strength values than the other groups (p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed between finishing groups (p >0.05). Phase transformation was occurred in all groups but the differences were not statically significant (p >0.05). Artificial aging had no effect on surface roughness, flexural strength, and phase transformation (p >0.05). CONCLUSION Surface roughness significantly increased after grinding, but finishing procedure approximated it to the control group. Glazing after grinding decreased the flexural strength, but polishing did not. Zirconia polishing system may be an alternative to re-glazing for monolithic zirconia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Polishing is one of the most effective finishing procedures that can improve the physical properties of the material without damaging its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ipek Caglar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Islampasa, Kurtuluş St. No: 28, 53020, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Yesil Duymus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Islampasa, Kurtuluş St. No: 28, 53020, Rize, Turkey.,Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Atatürk St, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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17
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Yadav R, Meena A, Patnaik A. Biomaterials for dental composite applications: A comprehensive review of physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, tribological, and biological properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Yadav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Rajasthan India
| | - Anoj Meena
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Rajasthan India
| | - Amar Patnaik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Rajasthan India
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18
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Evaluation of Physical Properties of Zirconia Suspension with Added Silane Coupling Agent for Additive Manufacturing Processes. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041337. [PMID: 35207878 PMCID: PMC8878341 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have analysed the effects of a silane coupling agent on the volume fraction of zirconia for digital light processing (DLP)-based additive manufacturing processes. Zirconia suspension was prepared by the incorporation of silane-modified zirconia particles (experimental group) or untreated zirconia particles (control group). Furthermore, the control and experimental group were subdivided into three groups based on the volume fraction (52, 54, and 56 vol%) of zirconia particles. The disk-shaped zirconia samples were 3D (three-dimensional) printed using the DLP technique and their physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. The addition of a silane coupling agent to the zirconia samples was found to have influence of about 6% on the hardness and biaxial flexural strength. Moreover, the decrease in minute air gaps inside the zirconia layers significantly increased the material density (visualized from the microstructure analysis). Thus, from this study, it was established that the silane-modified zirconia particles had a positive effect on the physical properties of the zirconia parts.
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19
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The Effect of Salinized Nano ZrO 2 Particles on the Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Behavior of Acrylic Denture Tooth Nanocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020302. [PMID: 35054708 PMCID: PMC8779741 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The wear of acrylic denture teeth is a serious problem that can change the vertical dimensions of dentures. This study evaluates the effect of adding salinized nano ZrO2 particles on the microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of acrylic denture teeth. Heat polymerizing polymethyl methacrylate resin was mixed with salinized ZrO2 at concentrations of 5 wt.% and 10 wt.%. Acrylic resin specimens without filler addition were used as a control group. SEM/EDS analyses were performed and the Vickers’ hardness was evaluated. Two-body wear testing was performed using a chewing simulator with a human enamel antagonist. After subjecting the samples to 37,500 cycles, both height loss and weight loss were used to evaluate the wear behavior. The microstructural investigation of the reinforced-denture teeth indicates sound nanocomposite preparation using the applied regime without porosity or macro defects. The addition of zirconium oxide nanofillers to PMMA at both 5% and 10% increased the microhardness, with values of up to 49.7 HV. The wear mechanism in the acrylic base material without nanoparticle addition was found to be fatigue wear; a high density of microcracks were found. The addition of 5 wt.% ZrO2 improved the wear resistance. Increasing the nanoparticles to 10 wt.% ZrO2 further improved the wear resistance, with no microcracks found.
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20
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Ghaffari T, Rad F, Goftari A, Pashazadeh F, Ataei K. Natural teeth wear opposite to glazed and polished ceramic crowns: A systematic review. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.363567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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21
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Mahrous AA, Ellakany P, Abualsaud R, Al-Thobity AM, Akhtar S, Siddiqui IA, Gad MM. Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Laboratory-Formulated Polishing Pastes for Two CAD/CAM Ceramic Restorative Materials. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:529-536. [PMID: 34693606 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different polishing pastes with different particle sizes on the surface finish of two different CAD/CAM ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 128 specimens were prepared of two CAD/CAM ceramics: lithium disilicate (12.4 × 14.5 × 2 mm) and monolithic zirconia (17.5 × 12.5 × 2.5 mm). They were divided randomly into 8 groups according to surface treatment (n = 8). Group 1 (control) was left as received after crystallization or sintering with no further surface treatment; Group 2 (glazed); Group 3 (positive control), where specimens were polished using standardized surface treatment (medium grit silicon carbide discs, rubber cup and pumice slurry, then rubber cup and toothpaste). For groups 4 to 8, in addition to silicon carbide and pumice slurry polishing, specimens were further polished using a diamond paste (DP), and polishing pastes of microzirconia (MZ), nanosilica (NS), nanodiamond (ND), and nanozirconia (NZ), respectively. Surface roughness (Ra ) was measured using noncontact profilometer. The mean values were compared using ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Specimens' surfaces were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS Positive control group and MZ exhibited significant Ra of lithium disilicate compared to control (p ˂ 0.001), glazed (p = 0.001), DPs (p = 0.002), NS (p ˂ 0.001), ND (p ˂ 0.001), and NZ (p = 0.002). In the case of zirconia, positive control showed a significantly higher Ra compared to all other groups (p ˂ 0.001). No statistical difference was found between all other polishing techniques (positive control, glazed, DPs, NS, ND, MZ, and NZ) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Polishing with ND, NZ, and NS lab-formulated pastes produced surfaces with comparable smoothness to control and glazed specimens for lithium disilicate and zirconia ceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Mahrous
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Intisar A Siddiqui
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Influence of Low-pH Beverages on the Two-Body Wear of CAD/CAM Monolithic Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172915. [PMID: 34502955 PMCID: PMC8433770 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effect of different acidic media on volumetric wear and surface roughness of CAD/CAM monolithic materials. Forty-eight rectangular specimens were prepared using different CAD/CAM monolithic materials: nanohybrid composite (Grandio Blocks, Voco), resin-based composite (Cerasmart, GC), lithium disilicate (E-Max, Ivoclar), and high-translucency zirconia (Katana STML, Kuraray Noritake). After storage in distilled water at 37 °C for two days, the specimens were tested using a chewing machine with a stainless-steel ball as an antagonist (49N loads, 250,000 cycles). Testing was performed using distilled water, Coca-Cola, and Red Bull as abrasive media. Wear and surface roughness analyses of the CAD/CAM materials were performed using a 3D profilometer and analyzed with two-way analysis of variance and post hoc pairwise comparison procedures. Worn surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Resin-based materials suffered higher volumetric wear than ceramics (p = 0.00001). Water induced significantly less volumetric wear than the other tested solutions (p = 0.0014), independent of the material tested. High-translucency zirconia showed less surface roughness than all the other materials tested. The selection of monolithic CAD/CAM materials to restore worn dentition due to erosive processes could impact restorative therapy stability over time. Resin-based materials seem to be more influenced by the acidic environment when subjected to a two-body wear test.
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Derksen W, Tahmaseb A, Wismeijer D. Randomized Clinical Trial comparing clinical adjustment times of CAD/CAM screw-retained posterior crowns on ti-base abutments created with digital or conventional impressions. One-year follow-up. Clin Oral Implants Res 2021; 32:962-970. [PMID: 34080238 PMCID: PMC8453558 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the required time of potential clinical adjustments of posterior screw-retained monolithic zirconia implant retained crowns based on intraoral optical scanning (IOS) or conventional impressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with posterior tissue level implants (Straumann RN) replacing solitary teeth were recruited. Of all patients, impressions were taken with both an IOS (3M™ TDS) and a conventional (polyether) pick-up impression. Randomization was performed after impression taking and patients were to receive either a crown based on the digital or the conventional impression. The time required for adjustments at placement was recorded. Additionally, restoration survival and mechanical complications with a follow-up of one year were documented. RESULTS Thirty two patients with 45 implants were included: 23 restorations in the test (IOS) and 22 in the control (conventional) group. The average adjustment time was 3.35 min (SD ± 3.38, range: 0-11 min) for the digital versus 6.09 min (SD ± 4.63, range: 0-18 min) for the conventional impressions (p = .039). A proper fit (no adjustments required) was achieved 39,1% in the digital and 18,2% conventional group respectively. All 45 restorations could be placed within the two planned appointments and only two minor mechanical complications occurred during the first year of function. CONCLUSIONS The use of IOS resulted in shorter adjustment times at try-in than conventional impressions for solitary CAD/CAM implant restorations. Screw-retained solitary monolithic zirconia restorations on ti-base abutments show low complication- and survival rates in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebe Derksen
- Section of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic DentistryAcademic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ali Tahmaseb
- Section of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic DentistryAcademic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daniel Wismeijer
- Section of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic DentistryAcademic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Cha MS, Lee SW, Huh YH, Cho LR, Park CJ. Correlation between microhardness and wear resistance of dental alloys against monolithic zirconia. J Adv Prosthodont 2021; 13:127-135. [PMID: 34234922 PMCID: PMC8250188 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2021.13.3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to compare the hardness according to the conditions of metal alloys. Moreover, the correlation between the cast crown hardness before and after wear testing and the degree of wear for each dental alloy was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cast crowns of three metal alloys (Co-Cr, gold, and Ni-Cr alloys) opposing smooth-surface monolithic zirconia were used. The Vickers microhardness of the ingot (which did not undergo wear testing) and the cast crown before and after wear testing were measured for each alloy. Two-way ANOVA and Scheffé tests were used to compare the measured hardness values. Moreover, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between the surface hardness and the wear of the cast crown (α=.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the hardness before and after wear testing for the gold alloy (P>.05); however, the hardness of the worn surface of the cast crown increased compared to that of the cast crown before the wear tests of Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloys (P<.05). Furthermore, there was no correlation between the wear and hardness of the cast crown before and after wear testing for all three metal alloys (P>.05). CONCLUSION There was a significant difference in hardness between dental alloys under the same conditions. No correlation existed between the surface hardness of the cast crown before and after wear testing and the wear of the cast crown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sang Cha
- Department of Dentistry, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woon Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyuk Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-Ra Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Jin Park
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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Effects of surface roughness on the time-dependent wear performance of lithium disilicate glass ceramic for dental applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 121:104638. [PMID: 34171718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on the time-dependent wear performance of lithium disilicate (LD) glass-ceramic. METHODS Friction pairs (pin and disk specimens) were prepared by IPS e.max® Press lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. The lateral faces of friction pairs (N = 12) were grinded with silicon carbide papers, and 6 friction pairs were polished with a 0.25 μm diamond suspension after grinding. The friction pairs were tested for wear performance using a pin-on-disk tribometer with 10 N for 1.02 × 106 wear cycles in artificial saliva. Wear analysis of the pin and disk was performed with a 3D profilometer. The microstructure and worn surface morphology were examined with scanning electron microscopy. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc pairwise comparison were used to analyze the wear data. RESULTS The two group LD friction pairs presented strong time-dependent wear performance. The polished group (GP) exhibited a high wear rate and extensive surface wear during 0-1 × 105 cycles (running-in wear stage). The wear rate, height loss and surface roughness were obviously lower than those of grinded group (GG) in running-in wear stage. However, these wear parameters were similar during the steady wear stage. The worn surface topographies of the pin and disk in GP were smoother at the same cycle before the GG entering the steady wear stage. CONCLUSION Running-in, which means the initial stage of wear process, is a critical period to determine the final wear loss and surface degradation, when compare the wear behavior of lithium disilicate ceramic with different initial surface states. Ceramic layer with smooth contact area leads to low wear rate and short running-in wear stage.
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Two-body wear and fracture behaviour of an experimental paediatric composite crown in comparison to zirconia and stainless steel crowns dependent on the cementation mode. Dent Mater 2021; 37:264-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lawson NC, Frazier K, Bedran-Russo AK, Khajotia S, Park J, Urquhart O. Zirconia restorations: An American Dental Association Clinical Evaluators Panel survey. J Am Dent Assoc 2020; 152:80-81.e2. [PMID: 33250170 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zirconia is a relatively new dental material used for indirect dental restorations. Little is known about how dental practitioners are using this material in their practice. METHODS A survey on zirconia restorations was developed and administered electronically through e-mail communications to the American Dental Association Clinical Evaluators (ACE) Panel on August 31, 2020. Reminders were sent to nonrespondents, and the survey closed 2 weeks after the launch date. RESULTS When using zirconia for a restoration, respondents choose it to restore natural teeth (99%) more often than implants (76%). Almost all respondents (98%) use it for posterior crowns, whereas approximately two-thirds (61%) use it for anterior crowns. Restoration removal or replacement and shade matching and translucency were the top 2 cited disadvantages of zirconia, whereas most of the respondents (57%) cited flexural strength or fracture resistance as the biggest advantage. Fine diamonds and ceramic polishers are used most often to polish and adjust zirconia restorations, whereas coarse diamond rotary instruments and those made specifically for zirconia are most frequently used for removing these restorations. Compared with metal ceramic restorations, more than 50% of respondents experience debonding more often with zirconia restorations. CONCLUSIONS Dentists recognize the favorable fracture resistance and flexural strength properties of zirconia, and most use similar techniques when adjusting and removing this material. Removing these restorations and shade matching are a struggle for many. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Dentists may benefit from tips on the best methods to remove, shade match, and adhesively bond zirconia restorations.
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Esquivel J, Lawson NC, Kee E, Bruggers K, Blatz MB. Wear of resin teeth opposing zirconia. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:488-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cha MS, Huh YH, Cho LR, Park CJ. A comparative study of the wear of dental alloys against monolithic zirconia. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 123:866-873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wear analysis and topographical properties of monolithic zirconia and CoCr against human enamel after polishing and glazing procedures. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 105:103712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zucuni CP, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Grinding, polishing and glazing of the occlusal surface do not affect the load-bearing capacity under fatigue and survival rates of bonded monolithic fully-stabilized zirconia simplified restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 103:103528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rosentritt M, Schumann F, Krifka S, Preis V. Influence of zirconia and lithium disilicate tooth- or implant-supported crowns on wear of antagonistic and adjacent teeth. J Adv Prosthodont 2020; 12:1-8. [PMID: 32128080 PMCID: PMC7040450 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of crown material (lithium-disilicate, 3Y-TZP zirconia) and abutment type (rigid implant, resin tooth with artificial periodontium) on wear performance of their antagonist teeth and adjacent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mandibular left first molar (#36) with adjacent human teeth (mandibular left second premolar: #35, mandibular left second molar: #37) and antagonistic human teeth (maxillary left second premolar: #25, maxillary left first molar: #26, maxillary left second molar: #27) was prepared simulating a section of the jaw. Samples were made with extracted human molars (Reference), crowned implants (Implant), or crowned resin tooth analogues (Tooth). Crowns (tooth #36; n = 16/material) were milled from lithium-disilicate (Li, IPS e.max CAD) or 3Y-TZP zirconia (Zr, IPS e.max ZirCAD, both Ivoclar Vivadent). Thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML) in the chewing simulator were applied simulating 15 years of clinical service. Wear traces were analyzed (frequency [n], depth [µm]) and evaluated using scanning electron pictures. Wear results were compared by one-way-ANOVA and post-hoc-Bonferroni (α = 0.05). RESULTS After TCML, no visible wear traces were found on Zr. Li showed more wear traces (n = 30–31) than the reference (n = 21). Antagonistic teeth #26 showed more wear traces in contact to both ceramics (n = 27–29) than to the reference (n = 21). Strong wear traces (> 350 µm) on antagonists and their adjacent teeth were found only in crowned groups. Abutment type influenced number and depth of wear facets on the antagonistic and adjacent teeth. CONCLUSION The clinically relevant model with human antagonistic and adjacent teeth allowed for a limited comparison of the wear situation. The total number of wear traces and strong wear on crowns, antagonistic and adjacent teeth were influenced by crown material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rosentritt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Schumann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Krifka
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Verena Preis
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Vila-Nova TEL, Gurgel de Carvalho IH, Moura DMD, Batista AUD, Zhang Y, Paskocimas CA, Bottino MA, de Assunção E Souza RO. Effect of finishing/polishing techniques and low temperature degradation on the surface topography, phase transformation and flexural strength of ultra-translucent ZrO 2 ceramic. Dent Mater 2020; 36:e126-e139. [PMID: 32008750 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different surface finishing and polishing regimes and low temperature degradation on flexural strength, phase transformation and surface topography of ultra-translucent ZrO2 ceramic. METHODS 300 (n=15/group) of conventional zirconia (Z: Ice Zirkon Transluzent) and ultra-translucent zirconia (UT: Prettau Anterior) bar-specimens were made and divided according to the "Finishing/Polishing" - (C - Control, B - diamond rubber polishers, P - adjusting with burs, PB - adjusting with burs+diamond polishers, PG - adjusting with burs+glaze), "Low temperature Degradation (LTD)" (with or without a treatment at 127°C, 1.7bar/24h). Then, a 3-point mini flexural test was performed in a universal testing machine (1mm/min, 500kgf load cell). SEM, EDS, XDR, AFM, optical profilometry and Weibull analysis were performed. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-test (5%). RESULTS Groups ZPBD (1670±253MPa), ZBD (1664±217MPa), and ZB (1655±3678MPa) showed significantly higher flexural strength than the UTPG group (372±56MPa). The Weibull modulus was significantly higher for the ZPD group compared to the UB, UCD, UPD and UPBD, while UTB, UTCD and UTPD had the lowest value. Monoclinic phases were observed only in the conventional zirconia groups and were more evident after LTD. Diamond rubber polishers presented less roughness for both zirconias. SIGNIFICANCE The use of diamond rubber polishers is the most suitable finishing/polishing method for zirconia ceramic restorations and that final glazing reduces the fracture resistance of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciana Emília Leite Vila-Nova
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Department of Dentistry, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP: 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Isabelle Helena Gurgel de Carvalho
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Department of Dentistry, Division of Prosthodontics, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Dayanne Monielle Duarte Moura
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Department of Dentistry, Division of Prosthodontics, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - André Ulisses Dantas Batista
- Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Department of Restorative Dentistry, Conj. Pres. Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, 58033-455, Brazil.
| | - Yu Zhang
- New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, 433 First Avenue, Room 810, New York, NY, 10010, United States.
| | - Carlos Alberto Paskocimas
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Department of Material Engineering, Av. Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antonio Bottino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, São José dos Campos, CEP: 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção E Souza
- Adjunct Professor at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Department of Dentistry, Division of Prosthodontics, Av. Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil.
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Zimmermann M, Ender A, Mehl A. Influence of CAD/CAM Fabrication and Sintering Procedures on the Fracture Load of Full-Contour Monolithic Zirconia Crowns as a Function of Material Thickness. Oper Dent 2019; 45:219-226. [PMID: 31738694 DOI: 10.2341/19-086-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the effect of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabrication and sintering procedures on the fracture load of monolithic zirconia crowns with different material thicknesses adhesively seated to methacrylate dies fabricated with stereolithography technology. METHOD Monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated from inCoris TZI C material with a chairside CAD/CAM system (CEREC MCXL) comprising three material thicknesses (0.5/1.0/1.5 mm, n=8 each). Two CAD/CAM fabrication procedures (milling, MI; grinding, GR), two chairside sintering procedures (superspeed, SS; speedfire sintering, SF), and one labside sintering procedure (classic, CL) were evaluated. In total, 144 crowns were fabricated. Restorations were adhesively seated to methacrylate dies fabricated with SLA technology. Thermomechanical cycling (TCML) was performed before fracture testing. Loading forces until fracture were registered and statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc Scheffé test, and three-way ANOVA (α=0.05). RESULTS Test groups showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05). The highest mean value was found for 1.5-mm crowns of group GR_SF with 3678.6 ± 363.9 N. The lowest mean value was found for group 0.5-mm crowns of group MI_SF with 382.4 ± 30.7 N. There was a significant three-way interaction effect between thickness, sintering, and processing [F(4,126)=9.542; p<0.001; three-way ANOVA, significance level α=0.05]. CONCLUSIONS CAD/CAM fabrication and sintering procedures influence the maximum loading force of monolithic zirconia crowns with different material thicknesses. A material thickness of 0.5 mm should be considered as a critical thickness for monolithic zirconia crown restorations.
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High-translucent yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics are wear-resistant and antagonist-friendly. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1776-1790. [PMID: 31727445 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate two-body wear of three zirconia ceramics stabilized with 3, 4 and 5mol% yttria and to compare their wear behavior with that of a lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic. METHODS Sixteen rectangular-shaped specimens made from three grades of zirconia ceramics and a lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic were polished and dynamically loaded in a chewing simulator (2kg vertical load, 2.1Hz) under water at 90°C for 1.2×106 cycles (about 7 days) in the ball-on-plate mode against steatite antagonists. Surface roughness was measured before and after wear testing. Wear tracks were scanned with a non-contact 3D profilometer and super-impositions were used to determine wear loss of the antagonists. Wear surfaces were imaged by SEM. XRD and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize phase transformation and stress status in the worn and unworn areas of the zirconia ceramics. RESULTS Independent of fracture toughness, strength and aging-susceptibility, the three zirconia ceramics showed a similar and limited amount of wear (∼10μm in depth) and were more wear-resistant than the lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic (∼880μm in depth). Abrasive wear without obvious cracks was observed for all investigated zirconias, whereas the glass-ceramic with a lower fatigue threshold and high susceptibility to surface dissolution exhibited significant abrasion, fatigue and corrosion wear. All three zirconia ceramics yielded a lower antagonist wear than the glass-ceramic and no significant differences were found between the zirconia ceramics. SIGNIFICANCE In the context of this study, high-translucent zirconia ceramics stabilized with a higher yttria content, recently introduced in the dental field, were as wear-resistant and antagonist-friendly as conventional high-strength zirconia and suitable for monolithic restorations.
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Surface roughness and wear behavior of occlusal splint materials made of contemporary and high-performance polymers. Odontology 2019; 108:240-250. [PMID: 31612354 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
With the development of a digital technology of computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and new age materials, the use of new types of occlusal splint is to consider. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface roughness (Ra) and wear behavior of different CAD/CAM materials against enamel antagonist through a simulated chewing test. A total of 75 specimens made from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polyethyleneterephthalate (PETG) as a control were polished to evaluate the Ra before loading by optical profilometry and further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Specimens of each group were subjected to thermomechanical fatigue loading in a chewing simulator (60000 cycles at 49 N with 5-55 °C thermocycling). The wear volume loss and change in Ra of each specimen after the simulated chewing were analyzed. One-way ANOVA, paired samples t test, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed for statistical analyzes. The result showed that the volume loss and Ra varied among the materials tested. EVA exhibited the greatest amount of Ra and volume loss (p < 0.001), while PEEK had the lowest values for both (p < 0.001). In terms of volume loss, there was no significant difference between PC and PMMA (p > 0.05). SEM investigations revealed different wear behaviors, especially in EVA. As PEEK showed significantly more favorable results, PEEK splints should be considered as a new therapeutic option for occlusal splint.
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Kontonasaki E, Rigos AE, Ilia C, Istantsos T. Monolithic Zirconia: An Update to Current Knowledge. Optical Properties, Wear, and Clinical Performance. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7030090. [PMID: 31480688 PMCID: PMC6784470 DOI: 10.3390/dj7030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to update the knowledge concerning the wear, translucency, as well as clinical performance of monolithic zirconia ceramics, aiming at highlighting their advantages and weaknesses through data presented in recent literature. New ultra-translucent and multicolor monolithic zirconia ceramics present considerably improved aesthetics and translucency, which, according to the literature reviewed, is similar to those of the more translucent lithium disilicate ceramics. A profound advantage is their high strength at thin geometries preserving their mechanical integrity. Based on the reviewed articles, monolithic zirconia ceramics cause minimal wear of antagonists, especially if appropriately polished, although no evidence still exists regarding the ultra-translucent compositions. Concerning the survival of monolithic zirconia restorations, the present review demonstrates the findings of the existing short-term studies, which reveal promising results after evaluating their performance for up to 5 or 7 years. Although a significant increase in translucency has been achieved, new translucent monolithic zirconia ceramics have to be further evaluated both in vitro and in vivo for their long-term potential to preserve their outstanding properties. Due to limited studies evaluating the wear properties of ultra-translucent material, no sound conclusions can be made, whereas well-designed clinical studies are urgently needed to enlighten issues of prognosis and long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleana Kontonasaki
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Alfrisany NM, Shokati B, Tam LE, De Souza GM. Simulated occlusal adjustments and their effects on zirconia and antagonist artificial enamel. J Adv Prosthodont 2019; 11:162-168. [PMID: 31297175 PMCID: PMC6609759 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2019.11.3.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of occlusal adjustments on the surface roughness of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) and wear of opposing artificial enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five Y-TZP slabs from each brand (Lava, 3M and Bruxzir, Glidewell Laboratories) with different surface conditions (Control polished - CPZ; Polished/ground - GRZ; Polished/ground/repolished - RPZ; Glazed - GZ; Porcelain-veneered - PVZ; n=5) were abraded (500,000 cycles, 80 N) against artificial enamel (6 mm diameter steatite). Y-TZP roughness (in µm) before and after chewing simulation (CS) and antagonist steatite volume loss (in mm3) were evaluated using a contact surface profilometer. Y-TZP roughness was analyzed by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and teatite wear by two-way ANOVA and Tukey Honest Difference (HSD) (P=.05). RESULTS There was no effect of Y-TZP brand on surface roughness (P=.216) and steatite loss (P=.064). A significant interaction effect (P<.001) between surface condition and CS on Y-TZP roughness was observed. GZ specimens showed higher roughness after CS (before CS − 3.7 ± 1.8 µm; after CS − 13.54 ± 3.11 µm), with partial removal of the glaze layer. Indenters abraded against CPZ (0.09 ± 0.03 mm3) were worn more than those abraded against PVZ (0.02 ± 0.01 mm3) and GZ (0.02 ± 0.01 mm3). Higher wear caused by direct abrasion against zirconia was confirmed by SEM. CONCLUSION Polishing with an intraoral polishing system did not reduce the roughness of zirconia. Wear of the opposing artificial enamel was affected by the material on the surface rather than the finishing technique applied, indicating that polished zirconia is more deleterious to artificial enamel than are glazed and porcelain-veneered restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najm Mohsen Alfrisany
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Babak Shokati
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura Eva Tam
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Zucuni CP, Dapieve KS, Rippe MP, Pereira GKR, Bottino MC, Valandro LF. Influence of finishing/polishing on the fatigue strength, surface topography, and roughness of an yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals subjected to grinding. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 93:222-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Jang KJ, Kang JH, Fisher JG, Park SW. Effect of the volume fraction of zirconia suspensions on the microstructure and physical properties of products produced by additive manufacturing. Dent Mater 2019; 35:e97-e106. [PMID: 30833011 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of the present study were: (1) to analyze the dispersion and optical properties of suspensions with various volume fractions of zirconia, and (2) to assess the influence of zirconia volume fraction on the microstructure and physical properties of products produced by the additive manufacturing and sintering process. METHODS Zirconia specimens were fabricated by an additive manufacturing technique using a DLP (digital light processing) system. The zirconia suspensions were divided into six groups based on zirconia volume fraction within the range of 48-58vol%. RESULTS The maximum volume fraction of zirconia in suspensions possible for printing was 58vol%. The cure depth of the zirconia suspensions decreased as the volume fraction increased. The cure depth was greater than 100μm after 15s photocuring in all groups. Geometrical overgrowth tended to increase gradually as the volume fraction of zirconia increased within the range of 28.55-36.94%. The 3-point bending strength of the specimens increased as the volume fraction of zirconia in the suspension increased, reaching a maximum value of 674.74±32.35MPa for a volume fraction of 58vol%. Cracks were observed on the surfaces of zirconia specimens and these cracks increased in number as zirconia volume fraction decreased. SIGNIFICANCE In this experiment, the viscosity of zirconia suspensions sharply increased from a volume fraction of 54vol%. Because of the very high viscosity, 58vol% was the maximum volume fraction possible for additive manufacturing. After polymerization, all specimens showed some distortion due to geometrical overgrowth. The maximum 3-point bending strength was 674.74±32.35MPa for a volume fraction of 58vol%. But the maximum strength of sintered zirconia prepared by additive manufacturing is inferior to that of conventionally sintered zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jun Jang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Ho Kang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - John G Fisher
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Yin R, Kim YK, Jang YS, Lee JJ, Lee MH, Bae TS. Comparative evaluation of the mechanical properties of CAD/CAM dental blocks. Odontology 2019; 107:360-367. [PMID: 30610399 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the mechanical properties of commercially available CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) millable dental blocks including Vita Enamic, Lava Ultimate, and MAZIC Duro. All the discs were cut in dimension of 1.2 mm in thickness and 12 mm in diameter, ground up to #1200 Sic papers and polished. The biaxial flexure strength of the ceramic discs was measured after thermocycling treatment and the broken surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The discs were brushed using a toothbrush testing machine under a 150 g load. Surface roughness and morphology were determined after toothbrushing cycles. Finally, the friction and wear behavior of the materials against an opposing tooth were studied using a reciprocating pin-on-plate test configuration. The vertical loss of dental cusp was measured, and the surface image was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The biaxial flexural strength data were subjected to Weibull analysis. To compare the significance between the groups, all data were analyzed by one-way analysis (ANOVA). The biaxial flexural strength of the Lava Ultimate and MAZIC Duro materials is significantly higher than that of Vita Enamic. In addition, Lava Ultimate and MAZIC Duro exhibited significantly smoother surfaces than that of Vita Enamic after toothbrushing. Lava Ultimate and MAZIC Duro also showed less wear to the opposing tooth than that of Vita Enamic. In addition, Lava Ultimate possesses more suitable mechanical properties than the Vita Enamic and Mazic Duro for use in oral clinical prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Yin
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Jang
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Oral Bio-Science, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Bae
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Duckjin-dong, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Yin R, Lee MH, Bae TS, Song KY. Effect of finishing condition on fracture strength of monolithic zirconia crowns. Dent Mater J 2018; 38:203-210. [PMID: 30504690 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the load bearing capacity of monolithic dental zirconia crowns, and the effect of surface finishing on fracture strength. (1) The zirconia plates were divided into 5 groups and polished by various types of polishing bur, every specimen was analyzed by surface roughness testing, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). (2) The zirconia crowns were classified into 4 groups corresponding to different surface treatments and thickness. All the crowns were cemented and subjected to a load of 7 kg for 5 min. Stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h. Observe the typical surface using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The cycling and fracture tests were carried out. The data was statistically analyzed. The groups had better fracture strength after polishing. This suggests the monoclinic phase can be eliminated by optimizing the polishing process. Moreover, the fracture strength increased with occlusal thickness (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Yin
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University
| | - Tae-Sung Bae
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University
| | - Kwang-Yeob Song
- Department of Dental Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University
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Pott PC, Hoffmann JP, Stiesch M, Eisenburger M. Polish of interface areas between zirconia, silicate-ceramic, and composite with diamond-containing systems. J Adv Prosthodont 2018; 10:315-320. [PMID: 30140399 PMCID: PMC6104505 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2018.10.4.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fractures, occlusal adjustments, or marginal corrections after removing excess composite cements result in rough surfaces of all-ceramic FPDs. These have to be polished to prevent damage of the surrounding tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness of zirconia, silicate-ceramic, and composite after polish with different systems for intraoral use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Each set of 50 plates was made of zirconia, silicate-ceramic, and composite. All plates were ground automatically and were divided into 15 groups according to the treatment. Groups Zgrit, Sgrit, and Cgrit received no further treatment. Groups Zlab and Slab received glaze-baking, and group Clab was polished with a polishing device. In the experimental groups Zv, Sv, Cv, Zk, Sk, Ck, Zb, Sb, and Cb, the specimens were polished with ceramic-polishing systems “v”, “k”, and “b” for intraoral use. Roughness was measured using profilometry. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Scheffé-procedure with the level of significance set at P=.05. RESULTS All systems reduced the roughness of zirconia, but the differences from the controls Zgrit and Zlab were not statistically significant (P>.907). Roughness of silicate ceramic was reduced only in group Sv, but it did not differ significantly from both controls (P>.580). Groups Cv, Ck, and Cb had a significantly rougher surface than that of group Clab (P<.003). CONCLUSION Ceramic materials can be polished with the tested systems. Polishing of interface areas between ceramic and composite material should be performed with polishing systems for zirconia first, followed by systems for veneering materials and for composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp-Cornelius Pott
- Department of Prosthetic Dentsitry and Biomedical Materials Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Philipp Hoffmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentsitry and Biomedical Materials Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentsitry and Biomedical Materials Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Eisenburger
- Department of Prosthetic Dentsitry and Biomedical Materials Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Preis V, Hahnel S, Behr M, Rosentritt M. In vitro performance and fracture resistance of novel CAD/CAM ceramic molar crowns loaded on implants and human teeth. J Adv Prosthodont 2018; 10:300-307. [PMID: 30140397 PMCID: PMC6104500 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2018.10.4.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the fatigue and fracture resistance of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic molar crowns on dental implants and human teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molar crowns (n=48; n=8/group) were fabricated of a lithium-disilicate-strengthened lithium aluminosilicate glass ceramic (N). Surfaces were polished (P) or glazed (G). Crowns were tested on human teeth (T) and implant-abutment analogues (I) simulating a chairside (C, crown bonded to abutment) or labside (L, screw channel) procedure for implant groups. Polished/glazed lithium disilicate (E) crowns (n=16) served as reference. Combined thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TC: 3000×5℃/3000×55℃; ML: 1.2×106 cycles, 50 N) with antagonistic human molars (groups T) and steatite spheres (groups I) was performed under a chewing simulator. TCML crowns were then analyzed for failures (optical microscopy, SEM) and fracture force was determined. Data were statistically analyzed (Kolmogorow-Smirnov, one-way-ANOVA, post-hoc Bonferroni, α=.05). RESULTS All crowns survived TCML and showed small traces of wear. In human teeth groups, fracture forces of N crowns varied between 1214±293 N (NPT) and 1324±498 N (NGT), differing significantly (P≤.003) from the polished reference EPT (2044±302 N). Fracture forces in implant groups varied between 934±154 N (NGI_L) and 1782±153 N (NPI_C), providing higher values for the respective chairside crowns. Differences between polishing and glazing were not significant (P≥.066) between crowns of identical materials and abutment support. CONCLUSION Fracture resistance was influenced by the ceramic material, and partly by the tooth or implant situation and the clinical procedure (chairside/labside). Type of surface finish (polishing/glazing) had no significant influence. Clinical survival of the new glass ceramic may be comparable to lithium disilicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Preis
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Behr
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Rosentritt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Kruzic JJ, Arsecularatne JA, Tanaka CB, Hoffman MJ, Cesar PF. Recent advances in understanding the fatigue and wear behavior of dental composites and ceramics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 88:504-533. [PMID: 30223214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dental composite and ceramic restorative materials are designed to closely mimic the aesthetics and function of natural tooth tissue, and their longevity in the oral environment depends to a large degree on their fatigue and wear properties. The purpose of this review is to highlight some recent advances in our understanding of fatigue and wear mechanisms, and how they contribute to restoration failures in the complex oral environment. Overall, fatigue and wear processes are found to be closely related, with wear of dental ceramic occlusal surfaces providing initiation sites for fatigue failures, and subsurface fatigue crack propagation driving key wear mechanisms for composites, ceramics, and enamel. Furthermore, both fatigue and wear of composite restorations may be important in enabling secondary caries formation, which is the leading cause of composite restoration failures. Overall, developing a mechanistic description of fatigue, wear, and secondary caries formation, along with understanding the interconnectivity of all three processes, are together seen as essential keys to successfully using in vitro studies to predict in vivo outcomes and develop improved dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | | | - Carina B Tanaka
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark J Hoffman
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Paulo F Cesar
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Aboushahba M, Katamish H, Elagroudy M. Evaluation of hardness and wear of surface treated zirconia on enamel wear. An in-vitro study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fdj.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Polishing effects and wear performance of chairside CAD/CAM materials. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:725-737. [PMID: 29770877 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the surface roughness of CAD/CAM materials immediately after milling and after different chairside and labside polishing procedures. A two-body wear test was performed to compare the different wear characteristics of the materials and the corresponding antagonists. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (n = 12 per series) from different CAD/CAM materials (three composites: Lava Ultimate, Cerasmart, BRILLIANT Crios; one hybrid ceramic: VITA Enamic; three ceramics: Celtra Duo, VITA Suprinity, IPS Emax.CAD) were polished according to the manufacturer's instructions. The effect of different polishing procedures was investigated by comparing surface roughness (Ra, Rmax) after labside polishing and after chairside polishing. Wear behavior (mean, volume, and maximum wear) of specimens and antagonists as well as changes in surface roughness were determined in a pin-on-block wear test. Statistical analysis was performed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Bonferroni multiple-comparison post hoc test and a multifactorial ANOVA/Tukey's significant difference post hoc test (α = 0.05). SEM micrographs were used for the qualitative evaluation of surfaces and wear traces. RESULTS After chairside high-gloss polishing, ceramics and composites exhibited Ra values between 0.08 and 0.10 μm and between 0.11 and 0.13 μm, respectively. After labside high-gloss polishing, values varied between 0.02 and 0.09 μm for ceramics and between 0.06 and 0.16 μm for resin composites. No significant differences were found between labside and chairside pre- and high-gloss polishing. For the ceramics, lower mean wear depths (between - 132.2 ± 19.9 and - 137.0 ± 19.0 μm) were identified compared to the resin composites (which exhibited wear depths between - 159.1 ± 19.4 and - 176.3 ± 23.9 μm). For maximum wear depth and volume, a different ranking of the materials was found. Antagonistic wear varied between 12.0 ± 6.4% and 30.6 ± 9.9% and was higher for the ceramic materials and Lava Ultimate. For all materials, a smoothing between 0.20 and 2.70 μm (Ra) was identified after wear simulation. CONCLUSIONS Chairside polishing is as effective as labside polishing, although surfaces were directly adjusted (roughened) only before the chairside polishing. Wear was lowest for ceramics, followed by the resin-infiltrated material and the resin composites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Polishing after milling or adjustment is essential to guaranteeing optimal clinical performance. Chairside polishing after adjustment leads to comparably smooth surfaces as labside polishing after milling and grinding. Ceramics are expected to exhibit lower wear than resin composites under clinical conditions.
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Caglar I, Ates SM, Yesil Duymus Z. The effect of various polishing systems on surface roughness and phase transformation of monolithic zirconia. J Adv Prosthodont 2018; 10:132-137. [PMID: 29713434 PMCID: PMC5917105 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2018.10.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare three polishing systems on the surface roughness and phase transformation of monolithic zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS 100 disk shaped specimens (10 mm diameter, 3 mm thickness) were fabricated from monolithic zirconia blocks. 20 specimens were left as a control group and remaining specimens were grinded by diamond bur to simulate the occlusal adjustments. Grinded specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups: group G (no polishing), group M (Meisinger, zirconia polishing kit), group E (EVE Diacera, zirconia polishing kit), and group P (EVE Diapol, porcelain polishing kit). Surface roughness was measured with profilometer and surface topography was observed with SEM. XRD analysis was performed to investigate the phase transformation. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests at a significance level of P=.05. RESULTS All polishing groups showed a smoother surface than group G. Among 3 polishing systems, group M and group E exhibited a smoother surface than the group P. However, no significant differences were observed between group M and group E (P>.05). Grinding and polishing did not cause phase transformations in zirconia specimens. CONCLUSION Zirconia polishing systems created a smoother surface on zirconia than the porcelain polishing system. Phase transformation did not occur during the polishing procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Caglar
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sabit Melih Ates
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yesil Duymus
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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The effect of chewing simulation on surface roughness of resin composite when opposed by zirconia ceramic and lithium disilicate ceramic. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e15-e24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kozmacs C, Hollmann B, Arnold WH, Naumova E, Piwowarczyk A. Polishing of Monolithic Zirconia Crowns-Results of Different Dental Practitioner Groups. Dent J (Basel) 2017; 5:dj5040030. [PMID: 29563437 PMCID: PMC5806964 DOI: 10.3390/dj5040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot study evaluates the surface roughness of monolithic zirconia crowns after chairside polishing by different dental practitioner groups. Four practitioner groups (group I: dental clinical students (n = 6); group II: dentists < 2 years post-qualification experience (n = 6); group III: dentists > 2 years post-qualification experience (n = 6) and group IV: dental technicians (n = 6)) were asked to polish two CAD/CAM-fabricated full-contour zirconia crowns (48 in total). A two-step zirconia polishing kit was used in both trials. The first trial (T1) was conducted without a time limitation. In the second trial (T2), the polish was restricted to 15 seconds for each polisher. Two blinded investigators (I1 and I2) analyzed the surface roughness (Ra) before and after polishing (Alicona measuring system). No statistically significant difference in surface roughness was found between the polishing results of the dental practitioner groups. Major difference in surface finish was achieved by dental technicians, with a median value of 25.4 nm (interquartile range 10.15–35.26 nm) for I1 in T1. The lowest difference was achieved by dental students, with a median value of Ra = 6.72 nm (interquartile range 4.7–17.9 nm) in T1. In T2, experienced dentists showed the highest difference in surface finish, with a median value of 41.35 nm (interquartile range 7.77–54.11). No significant correlation was found between polishing time and polishing results. The polishing of monolithic zirconium dioxide crowns can be performed with the present polishing set directly chairside after occlusal adjustment, regardless of the practitioner’s experience level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Kozmacs
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Technology, School of Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 44, 58455 Witten, Germany.
| | | | - Wolfgang H Arnold
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 44, 58455 Witten, Germany.
| | - Ella Naumova
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 44, 58455 Witten, Germany.
| | - Andree Piwowarczyk
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Technology, School of Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 44, 58455 Witten, Germany.
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