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Semitela Â, Pinto SC, Capitão A, Marques PAAP, Completo A. Fabrication of Customizable and Reproducible 3D Chondrocyte-Laden Nanofibrous Architectures: Effect of Specific Fiber Alignments and Porosities on Chondrocyte Response under Cyclic Compression. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5541-5554. [PMID: 37947854 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning has been widely employed to fabricate complex extracellular matrix-like microenvironments for tissue engineering due to its ability to replicate structurally biomimetic micro- and nanotopographic cues. Nevertheless, these nanofibrous structures are typically either confined to bidimensional systems or confined to three-dimensional ones that are unable to provide controlled multiscale patterns. Thus, an electrospinning modality was used in this work to fabricate chondrocyte-laden nanofibrous scaffolds with highly customizable three-dimensional (3D) architectures in an automated manner, with the ultimate goal of recreating a suitable 3D scaffold for articular cartilage tissue engineering. Three distinct architectures were designed and fabricated by combining multiple nanofibrous and chondrocyte-laden hydrogel layers and tested in vitro in a compression bioreactor system. Results demonstrated that it was possible to precisely control the placement and alignment of electrospun polycaprolactone and gelatin nanofibers, generating three unique architectures with distinctive macroscale porosity, water absorption capacity, and mechanical properties. The architecture organized in a lattice-like fashion was highly porous with substantial pore interconnectivity, resulting in a high-water absorption capacity but a poor compression modulus and relatively weaker energy dissipation capacity. The donut-like 3D geometry was the densest, with lower swelling, but the highest compression modulus and improved energy dissipation ability. The third architecture combined a lattice and donut-like fibrous arrangement, exhibiting intermediary behavior in terms of porosity, water absorption, compression modulus, and energy dissipation capacity. The properties of the donut-like 3D architecture demonstrated great potential for articular cartilage tissue engineering, as it mimicked key topographic, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of chondrocytes' surrounding environment. In fact, the combination of these architectural features with a dynamically compressive mechanical stimulus triggered the best in vitro results in terms of viability and biosynthetic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Semitela
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana C Pinto
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Capitão
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Completo
- Centre of Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Stafin K, Śliwa P, Piątkowski M. Towards Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering: A Biomimetic Approach in a 3D Printing Technique. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16180. [PMID: 38003368 PMCID: PMC10671727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The alveolar bone is a unique type of bone, and the goal of bone tissue engineering (BTE) is to develop methods to facilitate its regeneration. Currently, an emerging trend involves the fabrication of polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds using a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique to enhance an osteoconductive architecture. These scaffolds are further modified with hydroxyapatite (HA), type I collagen (CGI), or chitosan (CS) to impart high osteoinductive potential. In conjunction with cell therapy, these scaffolds may serve as an appealing alternative to bone autografts. This review discusses research gaps in the designing of 3D-printed PCL-based scaffolds from a biomimetic perspective. The article begins with a systematic analysis of biological mineralisation (biomineralisation) and ossification to optimise the scaffold's structural, mechanical, degradation, and surface properties. This scaffold-designing strategy lays the groundwork for developing a research pathway that spans fundamental principles such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and fabrication techniques. Ultimately, this paves the way for systematic in vitro and in vivo studies, leading to potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Stafin
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (K.S.); (P.Ś.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Śliwa
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (K.S.); (P.Ś.)
| | - Marek Piątkowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland
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Ahmad Wsoo M, Izwan Abd Razak S, Shahir S, Ahmed Abdullah Al‐Moalemi H, Rafiq Abdul Kadir M, Hasraf Mat Nayan N. Development of prolonged drug delivery system using electrospun cellulose acetate/polycaprolactone nanofibers: Future subcutaneous implantation. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ahmad Wsoo
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Raparin Rania Iraq
| | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- BioInspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Shafinaz Shahir
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | | | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- BioInspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
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Vitamin D 3-loaded electrospun cellulose acetate/polycaprolactone nanofibers: Characterization, in-vitro drug release and cytotoxicity studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:82-98. [PMID: 33771547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is now a global health problem; despite several drug delivery systems for carrying vitamin D due to low bioavailability and loss bioactivity. Developing a new drug delivery system to deliver vitamin D3 is a strong incentive in the current study. Hence, an implantable drug delivery system (IDDS) was developed from the electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) and ε-polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous membrane, in which the core of implants consists of vitamin D3-loaded CA nanofiber (CAVD) and enclosed in a thin layer of the PCL membrane (CAVD/PCL). CA nanofibrous mat loaded with vitamin D3 at the concentrations of 6, 12, and 20% (w/w) of vitamin D3 were produced using electrospinning. The smooth and bead-free fibers with diameters ranged from 324 to 428 nm were obtained. The fiber diameters increased with an increase in vitamin D3 content. The controlled drug release profile was observed over 30-days, which fit with the zero-order model (R2 > 0.96) in the first stage. The mechanical properties of IDDS were improved. Young's modulus and tensile strength of CAVD/PCL (dry) were161 ± 14 and 13.07 ± 2.5 MPa, respectively. CA and PCL nanofibers are non-cytotoxic based on the results of the in-vitro cytotoxicity studies. This study can further broaden in-vivo study and provide a reference for developing a new IDDS to carry vitamin D3 in the future.
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Fan F, Coutinho da Silva MA, Moraes CR, Dunham AD, HogenEsch H, Turner JW, Lannutti JJ. Self-reinforcing nanoscalar polycaprolactone-polyethylene terephthalate electrospun fiber blends. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chaparro FJ, Presley KF, Coutinho da Silva MA, Mandan N, Colachis ML, Posner M, Arnold RM, Fan F, Moraes CR, Lannutti JJ. Sintered electrospun poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)–poly(ethylene terephthalate) for drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Chaparro
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Kayla F. Presley
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Marco A. Coutinho da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University 601 Vernon Tharp Street, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Nayan Mandan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Matthew L. Colachis
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Michael Posner
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Ryan M. Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Christa R. Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University 601 Vernon Tharp Street, Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - John J. Lannutti
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State University 2041 College Road, Columbus Ohio 43210
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Chaparro FJ, Presley KF, Coutinho da Silva MA, Lannutti JJ. Sintered electrospun polycaprolactone for controlled model drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:112-120. [PMID: 30889645 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning has been used widely for drug delivery applications due to its versatility and ease of modification of spun fiber properties. Net drug loading and release is typically limited by the inherent surface-area of the sample. In a relatively novel approach, sintering of electrospun fiber was used to create a capsule favoring long-term delivery. We showed that electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) retained its initial morphology out to 1042 days of in vitro exposure, illustrating its potential for extended performance. Sintering decreased the electrospun pore size by 10- and 28-fold following 56 and 57 °C exposures, respectively. At 58 and 59 °C, the PCL capsules lost all apparent surface porosity, but entrapped pores were observed in the 58 °C cross-section. The use of Rhodamine B (RhB, 479.02 g mol-1), Rose Bengal (RB, 1017.64 g mol-1) and albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate from bovine serum (BSA-FITC, ~66,000 g mol-1) as model compounds demonstrated that release (RhB > RB ≫ BSA-FITC) is controlled both by molecular weight and available porosity. Interestingly, the ranking of release following sintering was 57 > 56 > 59 > 58 °C; COMSOL simulations explored the effects of capsule wall thickness and porosity on release rate. It was hypothesized that model drug adsorption on the available fiber surface-area (57 versus 56 °C) and entrapped porosity (59 versus 58 °C) could have also attributed to the observed ranking of release rates. While the 56 and 57 °C exposures allowed the bulk of the release to occur in <1 day, the capsules sintered at 58 and 59 °C exhibited release that continued after 12 days of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Chaparro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kayla F Presley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Marco A Coutinho da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon Tharp St., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John J Lannutti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Leroux A, Egles C, Migonney V. Impact of chemical and physical treatments on the mechanical properties of poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers bundles for the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205722. [PMID: 30308052 PMCID: PMC6181421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior cruciate ligament rupture is one of the most common sport injuries. Due to ligaments’ poor healing capacity, surgical intervention is often required. Nowadays, these injuries are managed using replacement autografts or to a lesser extent using artificial ligaments. With the expansion of tissue engineering, more recent researches focus on the development of biodegradable structures that could allow graft functioning while enhancing host integration. The main challenge is to develop a structure that gradually loses its mechanical properties when at the same time the neo-ligament gains in solidity. Mechanical behavior and reconstruction of natural tissue are the two key points for such a successful device. This article evaluates the mechanical consistency of poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers bundles grafted with sodium polystyrene sulfonate, as a candidate for ligament prosthesis. In order to be medically used, PCL fibers need to cope with multiple steps before implantation including extensive washings, knitting, grafting and sterilization processes. The evolution of mechanical properties at each step of the elaboration process has been investigated. The results show that PCL bundles have the same visco-elastic behavior than the native ACL. Nevertheless, when undergoing physical treatments such as ionizing radiations, like UV or β-rays, the material endures a hardening, increasing its stiffness but also its fragility. At this opposite, the thermal radical grafting acts like an annealing step, increasing significantly the elasticity of the PCL fibers. With this chemical treatment, the stiffness is decreasing, leading to higher energy dissipation. Added to the observation of the structure of the material, this demonstrates the possibility of the PCL to modulate it microstructure. In case of orthopedic prosthesis, the need of such a construct is strongly required to avoid distension of the future prosthesis and to restore good knee stabilization, showing the promising future of PCL ligament prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Leroux
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Polymers of Specialty, UMR CNRS 7244, Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Christophe Egles
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, UMR CNRS 7338, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | - Véronique Migonney
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Polymers of Specialty, UMR CNRS 7244, Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Villetaneuse, France
- * E-mail:
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Hu J, Prabhakaran MP, Ding X, Ramakrishna S. Emulsion electrospinning of polycaprolactone: influence of surfactant type towards the scaffold properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2014; 26:57-75. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2014.982241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nam J, Huang Y, Agarwal S, Lannutti J. Improved cellular infiltration in electrospun fiber via engineered porosity. TISSUE ENGINEERING 2007; 13:2249-57. [PMID: 17536926 PMCID: PMC4948987 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Small pore sizes inherent to electrospun matrices can hinder efficient cellular ingrowth. To facilitate infiltration while retaining its extracellular matrix-like character, electrospinning was combined with salt leaching to produce a scaffold having deliberate, engineered delaminations. We made elegant use of a specific randomizing component of the electrospinning process, the Taylor Cone and the falling fiber beneath it, to produce a uniform, well-spread distribution of salt particles. After 3 weeks of culture, up to 4 mm of cellular infiltration was observed, along with cellular coverage of up to 70% within the delaminations. To our knowledge, this represents the first observation of extensive cellular infiltration of electrospun matrices. Infiltration appears to be driven primarily by localized proliferation rather than coordinated cellular locomotion. Cells also moved from the salt-generated porosity into the surrounding electrospun fiber matrix. Given that the details of salt deposition (amount, size, and number density) are far from optimized, the result provides a convincing illustration of the ability of mammalian cells to interact with appropriately tailored electrospun matrices. These layered structures can be precisely fabricated by varying the deposition interval and particle size conceivably to produce in vivo-like gradients in porosity such that the resulting scaffolds better resemble the desired final structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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