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Uniyal P, Kaur S, Dhiman V, Kumar Bhadada S, Kumar N. Effect of inelastic deformation on strain rate-dependent mechanical behaviour of human cortical bone. J Biomech 2023; 161:111853. [PMID: 37890220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the role of inelastic deformation of bone on its strain rate-dependent mechanical behaviour was investigated. For this, human cortical bone samples were cyclically loaded to accumulate inelastic strain and subsequently, mechanical response was investigated under compressive loading at different strain rates. The strain rate behaviour of fatigued samples was compared with non-loaded control samples. Furthermore, cyclic loading-induced microdamage was quantified through histological analysis. The compression test results show that the strength of fatigue-loaded bone reduced significantly at low strain rates but not at high strain rates. The difference in microcrack density was not significant between fatigued and control groups. The results indicate that the mechanism of load transfer varies between low strain rate and high strain rate regimes. The inelastic deformation mechanisms are more prominent at low strain rates but not at high strain rates. This study shed light on the role of inelastic deformation on the rate-dependent behaviour of cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Uniyal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, India; Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Simran Kaur
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vandana Dhiman
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, India
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McPhee S, Kershaw LE, Daniel CR, Peña Fernández M, Cillán-García E, Taylor SE, Wolfram U. QCT-based computational bone strength assessment updated with MRI-derived 'hidden' microporosity. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106094. [PMID: 37741181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Microdamage accumulated through sustained periods of cyclic loading or single overloading events contributes to bone fragility through a reduction in stiffness and strength. Monitoring microdamage in vivo remains unattainable by clinical imaging modalities. As such, there are no established computational methods for clinical fracture risk assessment that account for microdamage that exists in vivo at any specific timepoint. We propose a method that combines multiple clinical imaging modalities to identify an indicative surrogate, which we term 'hidden porosity', that incorporates pre-existing bone microdamage in vivo. To do so, we use the third metacarpal bone of the equine athlete as an exemplary model for fatigue induced microdamage, which coalesces in the subchondral bone. N = 10 metacarpals were scanned by clinical quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used a patch-based similarity method to quantify the signal intensity of a fluid sensitive MRI sequence in bone regions where microdamage coalesces. The method generated MRI-derived pseudoCT images which were then used to determine a pre-existing damage (Dpex) variable to quantify the proposed surrogate and which we incorporate into a nonlinear constitutive model for bone tissue. The minimum, median, and maximum detected Dpex of 0.059, 0.209, and 0.353 reduced material stiffness by 5.9%, 20.9%, and 35.3% as well as yield stress by 5.9%, 20.3%, and 35.3%. Limb-specific voxel-based finite element meshes were equipped with the updated material model. Lateral and medial condyles of each metacarpal were loaded to simulate physiological joint loading during gallop. The degree of detected Dpex correlated with a relative reduction in both condylar stiffness (p = 0.001, R2 > 0.74) and strength (p < 0.001, R2 > 0.80). Our results illustrate the complementary value of looking beyond clinical CT, which neglects the inclusion of microdamage due to partial volume effects. As we use clinically available imaging techniques, our results may aid research beyond the equine model on fracture risk assessment in human diseases such as osteoarthritis, bone cancer, or osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel McPhee
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucy E Kershaw
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carola R Daniel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marta Peña Fernández
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Sarah E Taylor
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Uwe Wolfram
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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Uniyal P, Sihota P, Kumar N. Effect of organic matrix alteration on strain rate dependent mechanical behaviour of cortical bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104910. [PMID: 34700105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The organic matrix phase of bone plays important role in its mechanical performance, especially in the post-yield regime. Also, the organic phase influences loading rate-dependent behaviour of bone which is relevant during the high-speed loading events. Many diseases, as well as aging, affect the matrix phase of bone which causes compromised mechanical properties. Improved understanding of alterations in the organic matrix phase on mechanical response of bone will be helpful in the mitigation of fractures associated with inferior matrix quality. In the present work, effect of alteration in organic matrix of cortical bone on its strain-rate dependent behaviour was investigated. To produce different amounts of collagen denaturation, bovine cortical bones were heated at the temperature of 180 °C and 240 °C. Further, compression testing was performed at quasi-static strain rates of 10-4 s-1 to 10-2 s-1 using a conventional testing machine whereas a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was used for high strain rate (∼103) testing. Thermal treatment-induced changes in the mineral and organic phases of bone were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) techniques respectively. Compression test results show that thermal treatment of bone up to 180 °C did not affect mechanical properties significantly whereas treating at 240 °C significantly reduced elastic modulus, failure stress and failure strain. Also, thermal denaturation of collagen reduced the strain rate sensitivity of cortical bone at high strain rates. Similar to the compression test observations, nanoindentation results show a significant reduction in elastic modulus and hardness of denatured samples. Further, FTIR results revealed that with the heat treatment of bone, collagen structure undergoes conformational changes at the molecular level. The initial helix structure breakdowns into unordered/random coil structures which subsequently reduced the mechanical competence of bone. The present study provides insight into the effect of organic matrix modification on mechanical behaviour of cortical bone which could be helpful in understanding bone disorders associated with organic matrix phase and development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Uniyal
- Department for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
| | - Praveer Sihota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India.
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Amelia F, Abbas B, Darwis D, Estuningsih S, Noviana D. Effects of bone types, particle sizes, and gamma irradiation doses in feline demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. Vet World 2020; 13:1536-1543. [PMID: 33061224 PMCID: PMC7522947 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1536-1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fracture cases significantly increase recently, demanding high quality of bone graft materials. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of bone types, particle sizes, and gamma irradiation doses on morphological performance and cell viability of feline demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) through an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: Feline DFDBA derived from feline cortical and cancellous long bones was processed into four different sizes: Group A (larger than 1000 µm), B (841-1000 µm), C (420-840 µm), and D (250-419 µm) for each type of bones. The materials were then irradiated with two doses of gamma rays, 15 and 25 kGy, resulting in 16 variants of feline DFDBA. The surfaces of each material were then observed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The in vitro evaluation of feline DFDBA was then performed using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Results: The MTT assay results showed that the lowest inhibition rate (14.67±9.17 %) achieved by feline DFDBA in Group A derived from cortical bones irradiated with 15 kGy. Group D generally showed high inhibition rate in both cancellous and cortical bones, irradiated with either 15 or 25 kGy. The SEM results showed that cancellous and cortical bones have numerous macropores and micropores structure in 170× and 3000×, respectively. Conclusion: The material derived from cortical bones in Group A (larger than 1000 µm in particle size) irradiated with 15 kGy is the best candidate for further development due to its abundance of micropores structure and ability in preserving the living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frizky Amelia
- Program Study of Animal Biomedical Science, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia.,Diagnostic Imaging Center, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia
| | - Basril Abbas
- Centre for Isotopes and Radiation Application, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Jakarta Selatan, DKI Jakarta 12440, Indonesia
| | - Darmawan Darwis
- Centre for Isotopes and Radiation Application, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Jakarta Selatan, DKI Jakarta 12440, Indonesia
| | - Sri Estuningsih
- Department of Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia
| | - Deni Noviana
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia.,Department of Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine IPB University, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia
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Suzer B, Petek M, Tufekci K, Arican I, Abdourhamane IM, Yildiz H. Comparison of Some Biomechanical Properties of Tibiotarsus in Four Different Feather Color Lines of 60-Day Old Female Quails. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Suzer
- Bursa Uludag University, Turkey
| | - M Petek
- Bursa Uludag University, Turkey
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Pendleton MM, Emerzian SR, Liu J, Tang SY, O'Connell GD, Alwood JS, Keaveny TM. Effects of ex vivo ionizing radiation on collagen structure and whole-bone mechanical properties of mouse vertebrae. Bone 2019; 128:115043. [PMID: 31445224 PMCID: PMC6813909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone can become brittle when exposed to ionizing radiation across a wide range of clinically relevant doses that span from radiotherapy (accumulative 50 Gy) to sterilization (~35,000 Gy). While irradiation-induced embrittlement has been attributed to changes in the collagen molecular structure, the relative role of collagen fragmentation versus non-enzymatic collagen crosslinking remains unclear. To better understand the effects of radiation on the bone material without cellular activity, we conducted an ex vivo x-ray radiation experiment on excised mouse lumbar vertebrae. Spinal tissue from twenty-week old, female, C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a single x-ray radiation dose of either 0 (control), 50, 1000, 17,000, or 35,000 Gy. Measurements were made for collagen fragmentation, non-enzymatic collagen crosslinking, and both monotonic and cyclic-loading compressive mechanical properties. We found that the group differences for mechanical properties were more consistent with those for collagen fragmentation than for non-enzymatic collagen crosslinking. Monotonic strength at 17,000 and 35,000 Gy was lower than that of the control by 50% and 73% respectively, (p < 0.001) but at 50 and 1000 Gy was not different than the control. Consistent with those trends, collagen fragmentation only occurred at 17,000 and 35,000 Gy. By contrast, non-enzymatic collagen crosslinking was greater than control for all radiation doses (p < 0.001). All results were consistent both for monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. We conclude that the reductions in bone compressive monotonic strength and fatigue life due to ex vivo ionizing radiation are more likely caused by fragmentation of the collagen backbone than any increases in non-enzymatic collagen crosslinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Pendleton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shannon R Emerzian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Simon Y Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Material Science & Mechanical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace D O'Connell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Tony M Keaveny
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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KARKAR MANAF, MARECHAL CHRISTOPHE, DELILLE REMI, HAUGOU GREGORY, BRESSON FRANCOIS, DRAZETIC PASCAL, COLARD THOMAS. INFLUENCE OF THE BONE MORPHOLOGY ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF HUMAN SKULL FOR TWO STRAIN RATE CASES. J MECH MED BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s021951941850046x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modeling the mechanical behavior of bone is very complex due to substantial variability of the mechanical response of bone. The objective of this study is to investigate the link between morphology of the human parietal bone and its mechanical behavior in compression with two different strain rates. Five formalin-preserved human skulls were used, and 10 specimens were taken from the parietal bone of each subject. The internal geometry of the osseous material was studied with a micro-tomography device. For mechanical testing, quasi-static (0.02 s–1) tests on a conventional compression machine and dynamic tests (1500 s–1) on a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) were conducted on 9 mm diameter samples. The results were used to examine relationships between the morphological parameters to find morphological correlations. Linkages between mechanical behavior and morphology of the human parietal bone were also analyzed to develop a behavior model based on micro-structure parameters as determined by micro-scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- MANAF KARKAR
- UVHC, LAMIH, UMR CNRS 8201, 59313 Valenciennes, France
| | | | - REMI DELILLE
- UVHC, LAMIH, UMR CNRS 8201, 59313 Valenciennes, France
| | | | - FRANCOIS BRESSON
- Institut National De Police Scientifique (INPS), Service Central des Laboratoires, 31 av. Franklin Roosevelt, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | | | - THOMAS COLARD
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7367 - UTML - Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale, F-59000 Lille, France
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Islam A, Chapin K, Moore E, Ford J, Rimnac C, Akkus O. Gamma Radiation Sterilization Reduces the High-cycle Fatigue Life of Allograft Bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2016; 474:827-35. [PMID: 26463571 PMCID: PMC4746152 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterilization by gamma radiation impairs the mechanical properties of bone allografts. Previous work related to radiation-induced embrittlement of bone tissue has been limited mostly to monotonic testing which does not necessarily predict the high-cycle fatigue life of allografts in vivo. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We designed a custom rotating-bending fatigue device to answer the following questions: (1) Does gamma radiation sterilization affect the high-cycle fatigue behavior of cortical bone; and (2) how does the fatigue life change with cyclic stress level? METHODS The high-cycle fatigue behavior of human cortical bone specimens was examined at stress levels related to physiologic levels using a custom-designed rotating-bending fatigue device. Test specimens were distributed among two treatment groups (n = 6/group); control and irradiated. Samples were tested until failure at stress levels of 25, 35, and 45 MPa. RESULTS At 25 MPa, 83% of control samples survived 30 million cycles (run-out) whereas 83% of irradiated samples survived only 0.5 million cycles. At 35 MPa, irradiated samples showed an approximately 19-fold reduction in fatigue life compared with control samples (12.2 × 10(6) ± 12.3 × 10(6) versus 6.38 × 10(5) ± 6.81 × 10(5); p = 0.046), and in the case of 45 MPa, this reduction was approximately 17.5-fold (7.31 × 10(5) ± 6.39 × 10(5) versus 4.17 × 10(4) ± 1.91 × 10(4); p = 0.025). Equations to estimate high-cycle fatigue life of irradiated and control cortical bone allograft at a certain stress level were derived. CONCLUSIONS Gamma radiation sterilization severely impairs the high cycle fatigue life of structural allograft bone tissues, more so than the decline that has been reported for monotonic mechanical properties. Therefore, clinicians need to be conservative in the expectation of the fatigue life of structural allograft bone tissues. Methods to preserve the fatigue strength of nonirradiated allograft bone tissue are needed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE As opposed to what monotonic tests might suggest, the cyclic fatigue life of radiation-sterilized structural allografts is likely severely compromised relative to the nonirradiated condition and therefore should be taken into consideration. Methods to reduce the effect of irradiation or to recover structural allograft bone tissue fatigue strength are important to pursue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anowarul Islam
- grid.67105.350000000121643847Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Katherine Chapin
- grid.67105.350000000121643847Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Emily Moore
- grid.67105.350000000121643847Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Joel Ford
- grid.67105.350000000121643847Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Clare Rimnac
- grid.67105.350000000121643847Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA ,grid.67105.350000000121643847Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA ,grid.67105.350000000121643847Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Ozan Akkus
- grid.67105.350000000121643847Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA ,grid.67105.350000000121643847Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA ,grid.67105.350000000121643847Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH USA
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Kurtulus K, Tüfekci K. Empirical study of alginate impression materials by customized proportioning system. J Adv Prosthodont 2016; 8:372-379. [PMID: 27826387 PMCID: PMC5099129 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2016.8.5.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSION
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani Kurtulus
- Suleyman Demirel Universitesi Muhendislik Fakultesi - Mechanical Engineering Dept. Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kenan Tüfekci
- Suleyman Demirel Universitesi Muhendislik Fakultesi - Mechanical Engineering Dept. Isparta, Turkey
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