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Çaha I, Alves AC, Chirico C, Pinto AM, Tsipas S, Gordo E, Toptan F. Tribocorrosion-Resistant Ti40Nb-TiN Composites Having TiO 2-Based Nanotubular Surfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1816-1828. [PMID: 35452579 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel multifunctional material was developed by hard TiN particle reinforcement addition to a β-type Ti40Nb alloy, followed by surface functionalization, yielding the formation of a nanotubular layer. Corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviors were investigated in a phosphate-buffered saline solution at body temperature. The results revealed that the Ti40Nb-TiN composites presented similar ipass and E(i=0) values together with relatively similar Rox and Cox. However, its tribocorrosion resistance drastically improved (wear volume is almost 15 times lower than an unreinforced alloy) as a consequence of the load-carrying effect given by the reinforcement phases. The corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviors were further improved through surface functionalization as observed by significantly lower ipass and higher Rox values and almost undetectable wear volume loss from tribocorrosion tests due to the formation of a well-adhered anatase-rutile TiO2-based nanotubular layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Çaha
- CMEMS-UMinho─Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, Universidade do Minho, Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4800-122, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Alexandra C Alves
- CMEMS-UMinho─Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, Universidade do Minho, Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4800-122, Portugal
- IBTN/Euro─European Branch of the Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, Dept. Eng. Mecânica, Universidade do Minho, Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Caterina Chirico
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, Leganés 28911, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Pinto
- CMEMS-UMinho─Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, Universidade do Minho, Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4800-122, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade do Minho, Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Sophia Tsipas
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, Leganés 28911, Spain
- Instituto "Álvaro Alonso Barba", 30, Leganés 28911, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Gordo
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, Leganés 28911, Spain
- Instituto "Álvaro Alonso Barba", 30, Leganés 28911, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatih Toptan
- CMEMS-UMinho─Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, Universidade do Minho, Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4800-122, Portugal
- IBTN/Euro─European Branch of the Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine, Dept. Eng. Mecânica, Universidade do Minho, Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
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Padilha Fontoura C, Ló Bertele P, Machado Rodrigues M, Elisa Dotta Maddalozzo A, Frassini R, Silvestrin Celi Garcia C, Tomaz Martins S, Crespo JDS, Figueroa CA, Roesch-Ely M, Aguzzoli C. Comparative Study of Physicochemical Properties and Biocompatibility (L929 and MG63 Cells) of TiN Coatings Obtained by Plasma Nitriding and Thin Film Deposition. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3683-3695. [PMID: 34291900 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ti6Al4V is one of the most lightweight, mechanically resistant, and appropriate for biologically induced corrosion alloys. However, surface properties often must be tuned for fitting into biomedical applications, and therefore, surface modification is of paramount importance to carry on its use. This work compares the interaction between two different cell lines (L929 fibroblasts and osteoblast-like MG63) and medical grade Ti6Al4V after surface modification by plasma nitriding or thin film deposition. We studied the adhesion of these two cell lines, exploring which trends are consistent for cell behavior, correlating with osseointegration and in vivo conditions. Modified surfaces were analyzed through several physicochemical characterization techniques. Plasma nitriding led to a more pronounced increase in surface roughness, a thicker aluminum-free layer, made up of diverse titanium nitride phases, whereas thin film deposition resulted in a single-phase pure titanium nitride layer that leveled the ridged topography. The selective adhesion of osteoblast-like cells over fibroblasts was observed in nitrided samples but not in thin film deposited films, indicating that the competitive cellular behavior is more pronounced in plasma nitrided surfaces. The obtained coatings presented an appropriate performance for its use in biomedical-aimed applications, including the possibility of a higher success rate in osseointegration of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Padilha Fontoura
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGMAT), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560 Brazil
| | - Patrícia Ló Bertele
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGMAT), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560 Brazil
| | - Melissa Machado Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGMAT), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560 Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Dotta Maddalozzo
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGMAT), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560 Brazil
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Rafaele Frassini
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Charlene Silvestrin Celi Garcia
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Sandro Tomaz Martins
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Janaina da Silva Crespo
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGMAT), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560 Brazil
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Figueroa
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGMAT), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560 Brazil
| | - Mariana Roesch-Ely
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Cesar Aguzzoli
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGMAT), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560 Brazil
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
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(Ti,Al)O 2 Whiskers Grown during Glow Discharge Nitriding of Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102658. [PMID: 34069465 PMCID: PMC8159101 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Plasma nitriding of titanium alloys is capable of effective surface hardening at temperatures significantly lower than gas nitriding, but at a cost of much stronger surface roughening. Especially interesting are treatments performed at the lower end of the temperature window used in such cases, as they are least damaging to highly polished parts. Therefore identifying the most characteristic defects is of high importance. The present work was aimed at identifying the nature of pin-point bumps formed at the glow discharged plasma nitrided Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy using plan-view scanning and cross-section transmission electron microscopy methods. It helped to establish that these main surface defects developed at the treated surface are (Ti,Al)O2 nano-whiskers of diameter from 20 nm to 40 nm, and length up to several hundreds of nanometers. The performed investigation confirmed that the surface imperfection introduced by plasma nitriding at the specified range should be of minor consequences to the mechanical properties of the treated material.
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Balasubramanian K, Bragadeesvaran S, Ajay Adarsh S, Baranitharan M, Gokulakrishnan K. Surface properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy treated by plasma ion nitriding process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Fontoura CP, Rodrigues MM, Garcia CSC, dos Santos Souza K, Henriques JAP, Zorzi JE, Roesch-Ely M, Aguzzoli C. Hollow cathode plasma nitriding of medical grade Ti6Al4V: A comprehensive study. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:353-370. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328220935378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ti6Al4V used in biomedical applications still has several surface-related problems, such as poor bone compatibility and low wear resistance. In this work, the formation of a protective layer of titanium nitride obtained by plasma treatment in hollow cathode was studied, and the best experimental conditions were verified by a statistical factorial design of experiments. The samples were characterized in terms of their physical and chemical properties, correlating the effects of time (min) and temperature (°C). An achieved ideal condition was further analysed in terms of in vitro cytotoxicity, micro-abrasion, and electrochemical properties. The carried-out assessment has shown that nitrided condition has an improvement in wettability, microhardness, along with TixNy formation and roughness increment, when compared to pristine condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Padilha Fontoura
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais (PPGMAT), Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Melissa Machado Rodrigues
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais (PPGMAT), Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Janete Eunice Zorzi
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais (PPGMAT), Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Roesch-Ely
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cesar Aguzzoli
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais (PPGMAT), Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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Arkusz K, Nycz M, Paradowska E. Electrochemical Evaluation of the Compact and Nanotubular Oxide Layer Destruction under Ex Vivo Ti6Al4V ELI Transpedicular Screw Implantation. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13010176. [PMID: 31906376 PMCID: PMC6981910 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nano-engineered implants are a promising orthopedic implant modification enhancing bioactivity and integration. Despite the lack of destruction of an oxide layer confirmed in ex vivo and in vivo implantation, the testing of a microrupture of an anodic layer initiating immune-inflammatory reaction is still underexplored. The aim of this work was to form the compact and nanotubular oxide layer on the Ti6Al4V ELI transpedicular screws and electrochemical detection of layer microrupture after implantation ex vivo by the Magerl technique using scanning electron microscopy and highly sensitive electrochemical methods. For the first time, the obtained results showed the ability to form the homogenous nanotubular layer on an Ti6Al4V ELI screw, both in α and β-phases, with favorable morphology, i.e., 35 ÷ 50 ± 5 nm diameter, 1500 ± 100 nm height. In contrast to previous studies, microrupture and degradation of both form layers were observed using ultrasensitive electrochemical methods. Mechanical stability and corrosion protection of nanotubular layer were significantly better when compared to compact oxide layer and bare Ti6Al4V ELI.
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Zaidi UZ, Mahmoodian R, Bushroa AR, Vellasamy KM. Surface modification of Ti64-Alloy with silver silicon nitride thin films. JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 33:2476-2493. [DOI: 10.1080/01694243.2019.1646462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Umi Zalilah Zaidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reza Mahmoodian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
- Department of Research and Development, Azarin Kar Ind. Co., Kerman, Iran
- Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing (AMMP), Department of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abd Razak Bushroa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing (AMMP), Department of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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The Influence of Electrophoretic Deposition Parameters and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Nanocomposite Si3N4/PEEK 708 Coatings on Titanium Alloy. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9090530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite Si3N4/PEEK 708 coatings were successfully fabricated on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and post-EPD heat treatment. The addition of chitosan polyelectrolyte into ethanolic-based suspensions enabled the cathodic co-deposition of ceramic and polymeric particles. Zeta potential measurements allowed the elaboration of stable suspensions. The selection of the optimal EPD voltage and time enabled uniform coatings to be obtained. Heating above the PEEK melting point and cooling with a furnace or in water resulted in the formation of dense coatings with semi-crystalline or amorphous polymer structures, respectively. Both coatings with a thickness in the range of 90–105 µm had good adhesion and scratch resistance to the substrates, despite the presence of relatively high degrees of open porosity. The coatings improved the tribological properties of the titanium alloy. However, a strong relationship between the polymeric matrix structure and wear resistance was observed. Semi-crystalline coatings proved to be significantly more wear resistant than amorphous ones.
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An Overview on the Tribological Performance of Titanium Alloys with Surface Modifications for Biomedical Applications. LUBRICANTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants7080065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The need for metallic biomaterials will always remain high with their growing demand in joint replacement in the aging population. This creates need for the market and researchers to focus on the development and advancement of the biometals. Desirable characteristics such as excellent biocompatibility, high strength, comparable elastic modulus with bones, good corrosion resistance, and high wear resistance are the significant issues to address for medical implants, particularly load-bearing orthopedic implants. The widespread use of titanium alloys in biomedical implants create a big demand to identify and assess the behavior and performance of these alloys when used in the human body. Being the most commonly used metal alloy in the fabrication of medical implants, mainly because of its good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance together with its high strength to weight ratio, the tribological behavior of these alloys have always been an important subject for study. Titanium alloys with improved wear resistance will of course enhance the longevity of implants in the body. In this paper, tribological performance of titanium alloys (medical grades) is reviewed. Various methods of surface modifications employed for titanium alloys are also discussed in the context of wear behavior.
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Behera RR, Das A, Pamu D, Pandey LM, Sankar MR. Mechano-tribological properties and in vitro bioactivity of biphasic calcium phosphate coating on Ti-6Al-4V. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 86:143-157. [PMID: 29986289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) consists of hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). BCP is mainly used in artificial tooth and bone implants due to higher protein adsorption and osteoinductivity compared to HA alone. Although, many studies have been investigated on radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering of HA on Ti and its alloy, however, limited studies are available on BCP coating by this process and its bioactivity and adhesion behavior. Thus, in order to obtain a better understanding and applications of BCP films, RF magnetron sputtering is used to deposit BCP films on Ti-6Al-4V in the present study. The effect of film thickness on wettability, mechanical properties and in vitro bioactivity at a particular set of sputtering parameters are investigated. BCP film thickness of 400 nm, 700 nm and 1000 nm are obtained when sputtered for 4 h, 6 h and 8 h, respectively. Although the phase compositions are almost same for all films, the surface roughness values varies around 112-153 nm with rise in film thickness. This in turn enhances hydrophilicity in accordance to Wenzel relation as the contact angle decreases from 89.6 ± 2° to 61.2 ± 2°. It is found that the 1000 nm film possess highest micro-hardness and surface scratch resistance. No cracking of film up to scratch load of 2.3 N and no significant delamination up to load of 7.8 N are observed, indicating very good adhesion between BCP films and Ti-6Al-4V substrate. There is a great improvement in wt% apatite layer formation on all films when dipped in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 14 days. Among these, 1000 nm sputtered film results the highest increase in wt% apatite layer from 44.87% to 86.7%. The apatite layer possess small globular as well as elliptical structure are nucleated and grew on all the BCP films. Thus, sputtering of BCP films improves wettability, mechanical properties as well as bioactivity of Ti-6Al-4V, which can be applied for orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Behera
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - A Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - D Pamu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - L M Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - M R Sankar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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