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Kovacevic S, Ali W, Martínez-Pañeda E, LLorca J. Phase-field modeling of pitting and mechanically-assisted corrosion of Mg alloys for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:641-658. [PMID: 37068554 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
A phase-field model is developed to simulate the corrosion of Mg alloys in body fluids. The model incorporates both Mg dissolution and the transport of Mg ions in solution, naturally predicting the transition from activation-controlled to diffusion-controlled bio-corrosion. In addition to uniform corrosion, the presented framework captures pitting corrosion and accounts for the synergistic effect of aggressive environments and mechanical loading in accelerating corrosion kinetics. The model applies to arbitrary 2D and 3D geometries with no special treatment for the evolution of the corrosion front, which is described using a diffuse interface approach. Experiments are conducted to validate the model and a good agreement is attained against in vitro measurements on Mg wires. The potential of the model to capture mechano-chemical effects during corrosion is demonstrated in case studies considering Mg wires in tension and bioabsorbable coronary Mg stents subjected to mechanical loading. The proposed methodology can be used to assess the in vitro and in vivo service life of Mg-based biomedical devices and optimize the design taking into account the effect of mechanical deformation on the corrosion rate. The model has the potential to advocate further development of Mg alloys as a biodegradable implant material for biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A physically-based model is developed to simulate the corrosion of bioabsorbable metals in environments that resemble biological fluids. The model captures pitting corrosion and incorporates the role of mechanical fields in enhancing the corrosion of bioabsorbable metals. Model predictions are validated against dedicated in vitro corrosion experiments on Mg wires. The potential of the model to capture mechano-chemical effects is demonstrated in representative examples. The simulations show that the presence of mechanical fields leads to the formation of cracks accelerating the failure of Mg wires, whereas pitting severely compromises the structural integrity of coronary Mg stents. This work extends phase-field modeling to bioengineering and provides a mechanistic tool for assessing the service life of bioabsorbable metallic biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Kovacevic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Wahaaj Ali
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Madrid, Spain; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes 28911, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Martínez-Pañeda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Javier LLorca
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Madrid, Spain; Department of Materials Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid, E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Drobyshev A, Komissarov A, Redko N, Gurganchova Z, Statnik ES, Bazhenov V, Sadykova I, Miterev A, Romanenko I, Yanushevich O. Bone Remodeling Interaction with Magnesium Alloy Implants Studied by SEM and EDX. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7529. [PMID: 36363121 PMCID: PMC9657747 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development direction of bioresorbable fixing structures is currently very relevant because it corresponds to the priority areas in worldwide biotechnology development. Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys are gaining high levels of attention due to their promising potential use as the basis for fixating structures. These alloys can be an alternative to non-degradable metal implants in orthopedics, maxillofacial surgery, neurosurgery, and veterinary medicine. In our study, we formulated a Mg-2Zn-2Ga alloy, prepared pins, and analyzed their biodegradation level based on SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray analysis) after carrying out an experimental study on rats. We assessed the resorption parameters 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. In general, the biodegradation process was characterized by the systematic development of newly formed bone tissue. Our results showed that Mg-2Zn-2Ga magnesium alloys are suitable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Drobyshev
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Komissarov
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Hybrid Nanostructured Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Redko
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zaira Gurganchova
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene S. Statnik
- HSM Laboratory, Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skoltech, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viacheslav Bazhenov
- Casting Department, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Iuliia Sadykova
- HSM Laboratory, Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skoltech, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Miterev
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Romanenko
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Yanushevich
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
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Nasr Azadani M, Zahedi A, Bowoto OK, Oladapo BI. A review of current challenges and prospects of magnesium and its alloy for bone implant applications. Prog Biomater 2022; 11:1-26. [PMID: 35239157 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical application materials must meet multiple requirements, and the designed implant must mimic the bone structure in shape and support the formation of bone tissue (osteogenesis). Magnesium (Mg) alloys, as a "smart" biodegradable material and as "the green engineering material in the twenty-first century", have become an outstanding bone implant material due to their natural degradability, smart biocompatibility, and desirable mechanical properties. Magnesium is recognised as the next generation of orthopaedic appliances and bioresorbable scaffolds. At the same time, improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is an urgent challenge to promote the application of magnesium alloys. Nevertheless, the excessively quick deterioration rate generally results in premature mechanical integrity disintegration and local hydrogen build-up, resulting in restricted clinical bone restoration applicability. The condition of Mg bone implants is thoroughly examined in this study. The relevant approaches to boost the corrosion resistance, including purification, alloying treatment, surface coating, and Mg-based metal matrix composite, are comprehensively revealed. These characteristics are reviewed to assess the progress of contemporary Mg-based biocomposites and alloys for biomedical applications. The fabricating techniques for Mg bone implants also are thoroughly investigated. Notably, laser-based additive manufacturing fabricates customised forms and complicated porous structures based on its distinctive additive manufacturing conception. Because of its high laser energy density and strong controllability, it is capable of fast heating and cooling, allowing it to modify the microstructure and performance. This review paper aims to provide more insight on the present challenges and continued research on Mg bone implants, highlighting some of the most important characteristics, challenges, and strategies for improving Mg bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Nasr Azadani
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Abolfazl Zahedi
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Oluwole Kingsley Bowoto
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Bankole Ibrahim Oladapo
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
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Atif AR, La̅cis U, Engqvist H, Tenje M, Bagheri S, Mestres G. Experimental Characterization and Mathematical Modeling of the Adsorption of Proteins and Cells on Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:908-920. [PMID: 35036755 PMCID: PMC8757448 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial development is a long process consisting of multiple stages of design and evaluation within the context of both in vitro and in vivo testing. To streamline this process, mathematical and computational modeling displays potential as a tool for rapid biomaterial characterization, enabling the prediction of optimal physicochemical parameters. In this work, a Langmuir isotherm-based model was used to describe protein and cell adhesion on a biomimetic hydroxyapatite surface, both independently and in a one-way coupled system. The results indicated that increased protein surface coverage leads to improved cell adhesion and spread, with maximal protein coverage occurring within 48 h. In addition, the Langmuir model displayed a good fit with the experimental data. Overall, computational modeling is an exciting avenue that may lead to savings in terms of time and cost during the biomaterial development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Raouf Atif
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, Box 35, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Uǵis La̅cis
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, FLOW Centre, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, Box 35, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Tenje
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, Box 35, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shervin Bagheri
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, FLOW Centre, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gemma Mestres
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, Box 35, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden
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Kazakova G, Safronova T, Golubchikov D, Shevtsova O, Rau JV. Resorbable Mg 2+-Containing Phosphates for Bone Tissue Repair. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4857. [PMID: 34500951 PMCID: PMC8432688 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Materials based on Mg2+-containing phosphates are gaining great relevance in the field of bone tissue repair via regenerative medicine methods. Magnesium ions, together with condensed phosphate ions, play substantial roles in the process of bone remodeling, affecting the early stage of bone regeneration through active participation in the process of osteosynthesis. In this paper we provide a comprehensive overview of the usage of biomaterials based on magnesium phosphate and magnesium calcium phosphate in bone reconstruction. We consider the role of magnesium ions in angiogenesis, which is an important process associated with osteogenesis. Finally, we summarize the biological properties of calcium magnesium phosphates for regeneration of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilyana Kazakova
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Laboratory Building B, 1-73 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia;
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Safronova
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Laboratory Building B, 1-73 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia;
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Daniil Golubchikov
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Laboratory Building B, 1-73 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Olga Shevtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Julietta V. Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy;
- Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, Build. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Guo Y, Li G, Xu Y, Xu Z, Gang M, Sun G, Zhang Z, Yang X, Yu Z, Lian J, Ren L. The microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion performance and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite reinforced ZK61 magnesium-matrix biological composite. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 123:104759. [PMID: 34365100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg)-based composites, as biomaterials, have attracted widespread attention due to their adjustable mechanical properties like elastic modulus, ductility, ultimate tensile strength, and corrosion resistance. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced ZK61 Mg-matrix composites were prepared by powder metallurgy and hot extrusion methods. The influence of the content of HA (10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%) on the microstructure, density, mechanical properties, corrosion property and biocompatibility were investigated. The results showed that the density and yield strength of the composites match those of natural bone. Moreover, the composite with 10 % HA (ZK61-10HA) exhibited the best corrosion resistance, as determined by the electrochemical measurement and immersion test in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C. In addition, the ZK61-10HA composite significantly enhanced the cell viability (≥78 %) compared with ZK61 alloy in vitro testing. It is demonstrated that the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Mg alloy can be effectively controlled by adjusting the content of HA, which suggested that the ZK61-HA composites were promising candidates for degradable implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Yingchao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Zezhou Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Mingqi Gang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Guixun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China.
| | - Zhenglei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China.
| | - Jianshe Lian
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, China
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Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is currently a mature methodology from a research perspective. Moreover, modeling and simulation of involved processes and phenomena in BTE have been proved in a number of papers to be an excellent assessment tool in the stages of design and proof of concept through in-vivo or in-vitro experimentation. In this paper, a review of the most relevant contributions in modeling and simulation, in silico, in BTE applications is conducted. The most popular in silico simulations in BTE are classified into: (i) Mechanics modeling and scaffold design, (ii) transport and flow modeling, and (iii) modeling of physical phenomena. The paper is restricted to the review of the numerical implementation and simulation of continuum theories applied to different processes in BTE, such that molecular dynamics or discrete approaches are out of the scope of the paper. Two main conclusions are drawn at the end of the paper: First, the great potential and advantages that in silico simulation offers in BTE, and second, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to further validate numerical models developed in BTE.
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