Serrado de Pinho Barcellos A, Soares Miranda J, Amaral M, Araújo Alvarenga J, Nogueira L, Tomomitsu Kimpara E. Effect of staining on the mechanical, surface and biological properties of lithium disilicate.
Saudi Dent J 2021;
34:136-141. [PMID:
35241903 PMCID:
PMC8864374 DOI:
10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.12.007]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Staining and glazing procedures affects the microbial adherence and surface roughness.
Stained and glazed surfaces result in higher wear than polished ceramic surfaces.
The stain and glaze layer on the ceramic surface promotes lower strength value.
Purpose
To simulate biodegradation and wear of stained and glazed CAD lithium disilicate ceramic, and evaluate their effects on the microbial adherence and mechanical and surface properties of lithium disilicate ceramic
Materials and methods
160 lithium disilicate ceramic discs were fabricated and divided in eight groups according to manual stain and glaze application with a fine paint brush (without stain and glaze; with stain and glaze) and aging procedures (no aging; wear at 30 N load, 1.7 Hz, 3 × 105 cycles; biodegradation by exposure to microcosm biofilm; biodegradation + wear; biodegradation + wear). Profilometry was performed to determine the surface roughness and the wear consequences. Biaxial flexural strength test was performed, and a Streptococcus mutans adherence test was conducted to evaluate the number of colony forming units.
Results
Unaged samples with and without stain and glaze presented the lowest values of surface roughness (p < 0.001), but after aging (wear, biodegradation, or both), the samples in the stain and glaze groups were rougher than those in the no stain and glaze groups (p < 0.001). The stain and glaze groups showed the highest volume of wear after aging (p = 0.04), and had the lowest flexural strength values (p < 0.01), irrespective of the aging method. The aging method did not affect the flexural strength (p = 0.06). The number of colonies forming units was higher for biodegradation + no stain and glaze, biodegradation + wear + no stain and glaze, no aging + stain and glaze, biodegradation + stain and glaze, and biodegradation + wear + stain and glaze. The lowest values were observed for no aging + no stain and glaze.
Conclusion
The staining and glazing of lithium disilicate increased the surface wear and bacterial adherence, and decreased biaxial flexural strength of the material. When exposed to S. mutans, surface roughness increased, and biodegradation favored bacterial adherence.
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