1
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Todros S, Spadoni S, Barbon S, Stocco E, Confalonieri M, Porzionato A, Pavan PG. Compressive Mechanical Behavior of Partially Oxidized Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Repair. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120789. [PMID: 36550995 PMCID: PMC9774902 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels are extensively used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, although their biodegradation properties have not been optimized yet. To overcome this limitation, partially oxidized PVA has been developed by means of different oxidizing agents, obtaining scaffolds with improved biodegradability. The oxidation reaction also allows tuning the mechanical properties, which are essential for effective use in vivo. In this work, the compressive mechanical behavior of native and partially oxidized PVA hydrogels is investigated, to evaluate the effect of different oxidizing agents, i.e., potassium permanganate, bromine, and iodine. For this purpose, PVA hydrogels are tested by means of indentation tests, also considering the time-dependent mechanical response. Indentation results show that the oxidation reduces the compressive stiffness from about 2.3 N/mm for native PVA to 1.1 ÷ 1.4 N/mm for oxidized PVA. During the consolidation, PVA hydrogels exhibit a force reduction of about 40% and this behavior is unaffected by the oxidizing treatment. A poroviscoelastic constitutive model is developed to describe the time-dependent mechanical response, accounting for the viscoelastic polymer matrix properties and the flow of water molecules within the matrix during long-term compression. This model allows to estimate the long-term Young's modulus of PVA hydrogels in drained conditions (66 kPa for native PVA and 34-42 kPa for oxidized PVA) and can be exploited to evaluate their performances under compressive stress in vivo, as in the case of cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Spadoni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Regione Veneto, via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Regione Veneto, via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Confalonieri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Regione Veneto, via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Piero Giovanni Pavan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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2
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Zussman M, Zilberman M. Injectable metronidazole-eluting gelatin-alginate hydrogels for local treatment of periodontitis. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:166-179. [PMID: 35341363 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221079458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infection of the periodontal pocket presents two major challenges for drug delivery: administration into the periodontal pocket and a high fluid clearance rate in the pocket. The current study aimed to develop and study a novel hydrogel system for delivery of the antibiotic drug metronidazole directly into the periodontal pocket via injection followed by in situ gelation. The natural polymers gelatin and alginate served as basic materials, and their crosslinking using a carbodiimide resulted in a dual hydrogel network. The study focused on the effects of the hydrogel's formulation parameters on the drug release profile and the hydrogel's physical and mechanical properties. A cell viability test was conducted on human fibroblasts. The metronidazole-loaded hydrogels demonstrated a decreasing release rate with time, where most of the drug eluted within 24 h. These hydrogels exhibited fibroblast viability of at least 75% after 24 and 48 h, indicating that they are highly biocompatible. Although the alginate concentration used in this study was relatively low, it had a strong effect on the physical as well as the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. An increase in the alginate concentration increased the crosslinking rate and enabled enhanced entanglement of the 3D structure, resulting in a decrease in the gelation time (less than 10 s) and swelling degree, which are both desired for the studied periodontal application. Increasing the gelatin concentration without changing the crosslinker concentration resulted in significant changes in the physical properties and slight changes in the mechanical properties. Metronidazole incorporation slightly decreased the hydrophilicity of the hydrogel and therefore also its viscosity, and affected the sealing ability and the tensile and compression moduli. The developed hydrogels exhibited controllable mechanical and physical properties, can target a wide range of conditions, and are therefore of high significance in the field of periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Zussman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 99050Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meital Zilberman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 99050Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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3
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Kai Y. Mechanical regulation of tissues that reproduces wrinkle patterns of gastrointestinal tracts. Phys Biol 2022; 19. [PMID: 35320785 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac6042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tracts exhibit a number of surface morphologies including zigzags, labyrinths, protrusions, and invaginations which are associated with digestive functions and are suggested to be formed by mechanical mechanisms. In this study, we investigate loading conditions and mechanical properties of tissues that reproduce different wrinkle patterning of gastrointestinal tracts on cell culture platforms. Numerical simulations of wrinkling dynamics are performed for a layered model consisting of an anisotropic epithelial layer resting on a bimodular soft substrate, which in turn adheres to a rigid foundation. Motivated by the patterning of intestinal villi of chicks and mice, we examine two-step compression, where the epithelial layer is subjected to uniaxial compression followed by biaxial compression, and one-step compression, where the epithelial layer is compressed in biaxial directions. Under different mechanical conditions of tissues, a wide variety of surface patterns are displayed that reproduce luminal patterns of digestive tracts. These results suggest possible conditions for mechanical regulation of tissues to duplicate gastrointestinal surface patterns in vitro and provide insight into mechanistic understandings of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kai
- Kyushu Daigaku Igakubu Daigakuin Igakukei Gakufu, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, JAPAN
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4
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Zussman M, Giladi S, Zilberman M. In vitro
characterization of injectable
chlorhexidine‐eluting
gelatin hydrogels for local treatment of periodontal infections. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merav Zussman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tel‐Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tel‐Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
| | - Shir Giladi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tel‐Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
| | - Meital Zilberman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tel‐Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tel‐Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
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5
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Manalili D, Berardi M, Aardema H, Asimaki K, Sarmiento R, Imran Akca B. Parallel-plate compression test for soft materials: confocal microscopy-assisted ferrule-top nanoindentation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:824-837. [PMID: 35284170 PMCID: PMC8884225 DOI: 10.1364/boe.447147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The parallel-plate compression test is one of the simplest ways to measure the mechanical properties of a material. In this test, the Young's modulus ( E ) and the Poisson's ratio ( ν ) of the material are determined directly without applying any additional modelling and parameter fitting in the post-processing. This is, however, limited when dealing soft biological materials due to their inherent properties such as being inhomogeneous, microscopic, and overly compliant. By combining an interferometry-assisted parallel-plate compression system and a confocal microscope, we were able to overcome these limitations and measure the E (315 ± 52 Pa) and ν (0.210 ± 0.043) of fixated and permeabilized bovine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter Manalili
- LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Physics Department, University
of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Massimiliano Berardi
- LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Aardema
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University,
Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - Konstantina Asimaki
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University,
Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - Raymund Sarmiento
- Department of Biology and Environmental
Science, University of the Philippines
Cebu, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - B. Imran Akca
- LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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6
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Todros S, Barbon S, Stocco E, Favaron M, Macchi V, De Caro R, Porzionato A, Pavan PG. Time-dependent mechanical behavior of partially oxidized polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104966. [PMID: 34798532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels are synthetic polymers which can be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility and large water content. To improve their biodegradation properties, partial oxidation of PVA is achieved by means of different oxidizing agents, such as potassium permanganate, bromine and iodine. The effect of this process on hydrogels mechanical performance has not been fully investigated in view of tissue engineering applications. In this work, the time-dependent mechanical behavior of unmodified and partially oxidized PVA hydrogels is evaluated by means of uniaxial tensile and stress relaxation tests, to evaluate the effect of different oxidizing agents on the viscoelastic response. Tensile tests show an isotropic and almost-incompressible behavior, with a stiffness reduction after PVA oxidation. The time-dependent response of oxidized PVA is comparable to the one of unmodified PVA and is modeled as a quasi-linear viscoelastic behavior. Finite Element (FE) models of PVA samples are developed and numerical analyses are used to evaluate the effect of different strain rates on the mechanical response under uniaxial tension. This model can be exploited to predict the time-dependent mechanical behavior of partially oxidized PVA in tissue engineering application under tensile loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131, Padova, Italy; Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Favaron
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Piero G Pavan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131, Padova, Italy; Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
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7
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Zuo Z, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Liu Z, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Tang L. Mechanical behaviors and probabilistic multiphase network model of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel after being immersed in sodium hydroxide solution. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11468-11480. [PMID: 35423654 PMCID: PMC8695923 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00653c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the advantages of a uniform distribution of reinforcing particles and in situ preparation, in situ precipitation has become an important way to prepare magnetic and other smart hydrogels. An important step in this process is to immerse hydrogels in alkaline solution to implant magnetic particles. Previous studies generally have ignored the effect of this process on the network structure and mechanical properties of hydrogels. In this study, we immersed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel samples in sodium hydroxide solutions of different concentrations to study changes in mechanical properties, such as stress–strain relationship, self-recovery, and fracture failure. The results showed that after the immersion process, the hydrogel's tensile and compressive properties changed significantly, and the failure behavior changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. Through a microscopic mechanism, the alkaline solution caused a high degree of phase separation and crystallization within the polymer network, thereby changing the PVA hydrogel network from a single phase to a multiphase. Hence, we used a continuous multiphase network model with a certain probability distribution to describe this tensile behavior. This model well described the stress–strain relationship of the hydrogel from stretching to fracture and revealed that the macroscopic failure corresponded to the peak of fracture distribution. Studies have shown that attention should be paid to the influence of the in situ precipitation on the mechanical properties, and the probabilistic multiphase network model can be used to predict the mechanical behavior of hydrogels with multiple phase separation. Phase separation occurs in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel after being immersed in sodium hydroxide solution. The change of the network structure leads to significant changes in the mechanical behaviors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zuo
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yongrou Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing
- Guangdong Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Licheng Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zejia Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zhenyu Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yiping Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Liqun Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science
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8
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Drozdov AD, Christiansen JD. Tension-compression asymmetry in the mechanical response of hydrogels. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103851. [PMID: 32957177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two factors play the key role in application of hydrogels as biomedical implants (for example, for replacement of damaged intervertebral discs and repair of spinal cord injuries): their stiffness and strength (measured in tensile tests) and mechanical integrity (estimated under uniaxial compression). Observations show a pronounced difference between the responses of hydrogels under tension and compression (the Young's moduli can differ by two orders of magnitude), which is conventionally referred to as the tension-compression asymmetry (TCA). A constitutive model is developed for the mechanical behavior of hydrogels, where TCA is described within the viscoplasticity theory (plastic flow is treated as sliding of junctions between chains with respect to their reference positions). The governing equations involve five material constants with transparent physical meaning. These quantities are found by fitting stress-strain diagrams under tension and compression on a number of pristine and nanocomposite hydrogels with various kinds of chemical and physical bonds between chains. Good agreement is demonstrated between the experimental data and results of simulation. The influence of volume fraction of nanoparticles, concentration of cross-links, and topology of a polymer network on material parameters is analyzed numerically.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Drozdov
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark.
| | - J deC Christiansen
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
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9
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Barbon S, Stocco E, Dalzoppo D, Todros S, Canale A, Boscolo-Berto R, Pavan P, Macchi V, Grandi C, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Halogen-Mediated Partial Oxidation of Polyvinyl Alcohol for Tissue Engineering Purposes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E801. [PMID: 31991838 PMCID: PMC7038068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Partial oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with potassium permanganate turned out to be an efficient method to fabricate smart scaffolds for tissue engineering, endowed with biodegradation and protein delivery capacity. This work considered for the first time the use of halogens (bromine, chlorine and iodine) as less aggressive agents than potassium permanganate to perform controlled PVA oxidation, in order to prevent degradation of polymer molecular size upon chemical modification. Oxidized PVA solutions were chemically characterized (i.e., dinitrophenylhydrazine assay, viscosity measurements, molecular size distribution) before preparing physically cross-linked hydrogels. Scaffolds were assessed for their mechanical properties and cell/tissue biocompatibiliy through cytotoxic extract test on IMR-90 fibroblasts and subcutaneous implantation into BALB/c mice. According to chemical investigations, bromine and iodine allowed for minor alteration of polymer molecular weight. Uniaxial tensile tests demonstrated that oxidized scaffolds had decreased mechanical resistance to deformation, suggesting tunable hydrogel stiffness. Finally, oxidized hydrogels exhibited high biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo, resulting neither to be cytotoxic nor to elicit severe immunitary host reaction in comparison with atoxic PVA. In conclusion, PVA hydrogels oxidized by halogens were successfully fabricated in the effort of adapting polymer characteristics to specific tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.B.); (E.S.); (R.B.-B.); (V.M.); (A.P.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.B.); (E.S.); (R.B.-B.); (V.M.); (A.P.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Dalzoppo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Antonio Canale
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Via C. Battisti 241, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Rafael Boscolo-Berto
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.B.); (E.S.); (R.B.-B.); (V.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Piero Pavan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.T.); (P.P.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.B.); (E.S.); (R.B.-B.); (V.M.); (A.P.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Grandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.D.); (C.G.)
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (T.E.S.) Onlus, 35030 Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.B.); (E.S.); (R.B.-B.); (V.M.); (A.P.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.B.); (E.S.); (R.B.-B.); (V.M.); (A.P.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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10
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Banerjee A, Ganguly S. Mechanical behaviour of alginate film with embedded voids under compression-decompression cycles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13193. [PMID: 31519951 PMCID: PMC6744475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Voids of 300 µm diameter were embedded uniformly as monolayer in alginate gel film using a fluidic device. Voids of these dimensions in biopolymer gel film are desired for better transport of bioactive species and cell colonization in engineered tissues. In this article, the role of embedded voids in reducing compressive stress, hysteresis, and time scale of reheal vis-a-vis expulsion of pore fluid and its reabsorption upon reversal of load are reviewed. The cyclic loading was conducted with varying amplitude and frequency. The irreversible changes, if any in the gel structure under extreme compression were analyzed. The rate of expulsion of aqueous phase directly relates to the permeability of the gel film that is estimated here using simplified momentum and volumetric balance equations. The decrease in permeability with deformation is analyzed further, and the contribution of voids in this regard is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Somenath Ganguly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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11
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Guo H, Nakajima T, Hourdet D, Marcellan A, Creton C, Hong W, Kurokawa T, Gong JP. Hydrophobic Hydrogels with Fruit-Like Structure and Functions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900702. [PMID: 31074929 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Normally, a polymer network swells in a good solvent to form a gel but the gel shrinks in a poor solvent. Here, an abnormal phenomenon is reported: some hydrophobic gels significantly swell in water, reaching water content as high as 99.6 wt%. Such abnormal swelling behaviors in the nonsolvent water are observed universally for various hydrophobic organogels containing omniphilic organic solvents that have a higher affinity to water than to the hydrophobic polymers. The formation of a semipermeable skin layer due to rapid phase separation, and the asymmetric diffusion of water molecules into the gel driven by the high osmotic pressure of the organic solvent-water mixing, are found to be the reasons. As a result, the hydrophobic hydrogels have a fruit-like structure, consisting of hydrophobic skin and water-trapped micropores, to display various unique properties, such as significantly enhanced strength, surface hydrophobicity, and antidrying, despite their extremely high water content. Furthermore, the hydrophobic hydrogels exhibit selective water absorption from concentrated saline solutions and rapid water release at a small pressure like squeezing juices from fruits. These novel functions of hydrophobic hydrogels will find promising applications, e.g., as materials that can automatically take the fresh water from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Laboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tasuku Nakajima
- Laboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Dominique Hourdet
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Costantino Creton
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Wei Hong
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Laboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
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