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Abbadessa A, Ronca A, Salerno A. Integrating bioprinting, cell therapies and drug delivery towards in vivo regeneration of cartilage, bone and osteochondral tissue. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:858-894. [PMID: 37882983 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The biological and biomechanical functions of cartilage, bone and osteochondral tissue are naturally orchestrated by a complex crosstalk between zonally dependent cells and extracellular matrix components. In fact, this crosstalk involves biomechanical signals and the release of biochemical cues that direct cell fate and regulate tissue morphogenesis and remodelling in vivo. Three-dimensional bioprinting introduced a paradigm shift in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, since it allows to mimic native tissue anisotropy introducing compositional and architectural gradients. Moreover, the growing synergy between bioprinting and drug delivery may enable to replicate cell/extracellular matrix reciprocity and dynamics by the careful control of the spatial and temporal patterning of bioactive cues. Although significant advances have been made in this direction, unmet challenges and open research questions persist. These include, among others, the optimization of scaffold zonality and architectural features; the preservation of the bioactivity of loaded active molecules, as well as their spatio-temporal release; the in vitro scaffold maturation prior to implantation; the pros and cons of each animal model and the graft-defect mismatch; and the in vivo non-invasive monitoring of new tissue formation. This work critically reviews these aspects and reveals the state of the art of using three-dimensional bioprinting, and its synergy with drug delivery technologies, to pattern the distribution of cells and/or active molecules in cartilage, bone and osteochondral engineered tissues. Most notably, this work focuses on approaches, technologies and biomaterials that are currently under in vivo investigations, as these give important insights on scaffold performance at the implantation site and its interaction/integration with surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abbadessa
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), IDIS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Ronca
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Aurelio Salerno
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy.
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2
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Shortening of electrospun PLLA fibers by ultrasonication. Micron 2021; 145:103066. [PMID: 33848781 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This research work is aimed at studying the effect of ultrasounds on the effectiveness of fiber fragmentation by taking into account the type of sonication medium, processing time, and various PLLA molecular weights. Fragmentation was followed by an appropriate filtration in order to decrease fibers length distribution. It was evidenced by fiber length determination using SEM that the fibers are shortened after ultrasonic treatment, and the effectiveness of shortening depends on the two out of three investigated parameters, mostly on the sonication medium, and processing time. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) confirmed that such ultrasonic treatment does not change the polymers' molecular weight. Our results allowed to optimize the ultrasonic fragmentation procedure of electrospun fibers while preliminary viscosity measurements of fibers loaded into hydrogel confirmed their potential in further use as fillers for injectable hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications.
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Al-Wafi R, Mansour SF, AlHammad MS, Ahmed MK. Biological response, antibacterial properties of ZrO 2/hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide encapsulated into nanofibrous scaffolds of polylactic acid for wound healing applications. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120517. [PMID: 33775723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Designing proper nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing applications is a necessity for improving the health care system. Hydroxyapatite (HAP), zirconia (ZrO2), and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets have been encapsulated in mono, di, or tri phases into nanofibrous scaffolds of polylactic acid (PLA). The structure of nanofibrous scaffolds is confirmed using XRD, XPS, while FESEM inspected the surface morphology. The surface morphology detection exhibited that the scaffolds have been formed in networked nanofibers with diameters from 1.19 to 2.38 to 0.59-1.42 µm, while the maximum height of the roughness increased from 610.4 to 809 nm for HAP@PLA and HAP/ZrO2/GO@PLA, respectively. The contact angle was measured and showed a decreasing trend from 101.2 ± 4.1° and 89.1 ± 5.4° for HAP@PLA and HAP/ZrO2/GO@PLA nanofibrous scaffolds. Moreover, the mechanical properties were examined and revealed that ZrO2 dopant induced a significant enhancement into the tensile strength, which increased from 3.49 ± 0.3 to 8.45 ± 1.1 MPa for the nanofibrous scaffolds of HAP@PLA and HAP/ZrO2/GO@PLA, respectively. The incorporation of ternary phases into PLA nanofibers promoted the cell viability to be around 98.2 ± 5%. The antibacterial potency has been investigated and showed that the activity increased to 69.2 ± 3.6 and 78.1 ± 4.5% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Additionally, human fibroblasts proliferated on the surface and pores of nanofibrous scaffolds and significantly grown upon the compositional variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Al-Wafi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S F Mansour
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S AlHammad
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M K Ahmed
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, El‑Sheikh Zayed 12588, Egypt; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt.
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Kucko NW, Petre DG, de Ruiter M, Herber RP, Leeuwenburgh SC. Micro- and macromechanical characterization of the influence of surface-modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers on the reinforcement of calcium phosphate cements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 109:103776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lee JW, Yoo HS. Michael-Type Addition of Gelatin on Electrospun Nanofibrils for Self-Assembly of Cell Sheets Composed of Human Dermal Fibroblasts. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18677-18684. [PMID: 31737828 PMCID: PMC6854572 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate cell sheet formation of human dermal fibroblasts, gelatin moieties were chemically decorated onto the surface of electrospun nanofibrils (NFs). Poly(caprolactone) [PCL] was electrospun onto fibrous meshes and then fragmented into nanofibrils by optimized milling and hydrolysis. After aminolysis of the NFs, methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) was reacted via Michael-type addition with the surface-exposed amines of the aminolyzed NFs (ahPCL NFs). GelMA was immobilized on the ahPCL NFs. Analysis of ahPCL NFs and native NFs conducted using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that gelatin was chemically conjugated onto the NFs. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and the decorated NFs were self-assembled into cell sheets, and cells in the matrix showed highly spreading morphology by confocal microscopy. Our results indicate that the degree of cell spreading and cellular viability was much higher in the presence of GelMA immobilized in ahPCL NFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Won Lee
- Department
of Biomedical Materials Engineering and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department
of Biomedical Materials Engineering and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Paknahad A, Petre DG, Leeuwenburgh SC, Sluys LJ. Interfacial characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol) fibers embedded in a calcium phosphate cement matrix: An experimental and numerical investigation. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:582-593. [PMID: 31260819 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Because of their chemical similarity to the mineral phase of bone and teeth, calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are extensively investigated for applications in biomedicine. Nevertheless, their applicability in load-bearing anatomical sites is restricted by their brittleness. Reinforcement of calcium phosphate cements with polymeric fibers can overcome this mechanical limitation provided that the affinity between these fibers and the surrounding matrix is optimal. To date, the effects of the fiber-matrix affinity on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced calcium phosphate cements are still poorly understood. The goal of this study is therefore to investigate the interfacial properties and bond-slip response between the CPC matrix and polymeric fibers. To this end, we selected poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers as reinforcing agents because of their high strength and stiffness and their effective reinforcement of cementitious matrices. Micromechanical pull-out experiments were combined with numerical simulations based on an dedicated constitutive interfacial law to characterize the interfacial properties of PVA fibers embedded in a CPC matrix at the single fiber pull-out level. The computational model developed herein is able to predict all three main phases of pull-out response, i.e. the elastic, debonding and frictional pull-out phases. The resulting interfacial constitutive law is validated experimentally and predicts the pull-out response of fibers with different diameters and embedded lengths. STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE: To date, the effects of the fiber-matrix affinity on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced calcium phosphate cements are still poorly understood. In this study, we present a novel experimental protocol to investigate the affinity between poly (vinyl alcohol) PVA fibers and the calcium phosphate cement (CPC) matrix by means of single-fiber pull out tests. We determine the critical embedded length for PVA fibers with two different diameters; and we design a numerical FE model including a distinct representation of fiber, matrix and interface with a predictive interfacial constitutive law which is capable of capturing all three main phases of single-fiber pull-out, i.e. elastic, debonding and frictional stages. The resulting interfacial constitutive law is validated experimentally and predicts the pull-out response of fibers with different diameters and embedded lengths.
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Petre DG, Nadar R, Tu Y, Paknahad A, Wilson DA, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Thermoresponsive Brushes Facilitate Effective Reinforcement of Calcium Phosphate Cements. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26690-26703. [PMID: 31246399 PMCID: PMC6676411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate ceramics are frequently applied to stimulate regeneration of bone in view of their excellent biological compatibility with bone tissue. Unfortunately, these bioceramics are also highly brittle. To improve their toughness, fibers can be incorporated as the reinforcing component for the calcium phosphate cements. Herein, we functionalize the surface of poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers with thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes of tunable thickness to improve simultaneously fiber dispersion and fiber-matrix affinity. These brushes shift from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behavior at temperatures above their lower critical solution temperature of 32 °C. This dual thermoresponsive shift favors fiber dispersion throughout the hydrophilic calcium phosphate cements (at 21 °C) and toughens these cements when reaching their hydrophobic state (at 37 °C). The reinforcement efficacy of these surface-modified fibers was almost double at 37 versus 21 °C, which confirms the strong potential of thermoresponsive fibers for reinforcement of calcium phosphate cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela-Geta Petre
- Department
of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University
Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Nadar
- Department
of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University
Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Department
of Systems Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ali Paknahad
- Department
of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University
Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Computational Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Department
of Systems Chemistry, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sander C. G. Leeuwenburgh
- Department
of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University
Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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