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Zhou H, Wu Q, Wu L, Zhao Y. Mechanical behaviors of high-strength fabric composite membrane designed for cardiac valve prosthesis replacement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105863. [PMID: 37116312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Bovine pericardium has been commonly used as leaflets in cardiac valve prosthesis replacement for decades because of its good short-term hemocompatibility and hemodynamic performance. However, fatigue, abrasion, permanent deformation, calcification, and many other failure modes have been reported as well. The degradation of the performance will have a serious impact on the function of valve prostheses, posing a risk to the patient's health. This study aimed to introduce a flexible fabric composite with better mechanical performance such that it can be employed as a substitute material for bioprosthetic valve leaflets. This composite has a multilayered thin film structure made of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membranes. The mechanical properties of three specifications with different design parameters were tested. The tensile strength, shear behavior, tear resistance, and bending stiffness of the composites were characterized and compared to those of bovine pericardium. A constitutive model was also established to describe the composites' mechanical behaviors and predict their strength. According to the results of the tests, the composite could maintain a flexible bending stiffness with high in-plane tensile strength and tear strength. Therefore, bioprosthetic valve made of this substitute material can withstand harsher loads in the blood flow environment than those made of bovine pericardium. Moreover, all these test results and constitutive models can be used in future research to evaluate hemodynamic performance and clinical applications of fabric composite valve prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Linzhi Wu
- Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Ship Materials and Mechanics, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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Wahed SB, Dunstan CR, Boughton PA, Ruys AJ, Faisal SN, Wahed TB, Salahuddin B, Cheng X, Zhou Y, Wang CH, Islam MS, Aziz S. Functional Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composites for Ligament Reconstructions and Their Targeted Applications in the Restoration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112189. [PMID: 35683861 PMCID: PMC9182730 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of biomaterials as biomedical implants is a significant challenge. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and composites of such kind have been extensively used in medical implants, notably in the bearings of the hip, knee, and other joint prostheses, owing to its biocompatibility and high wear resistance. For the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) graft, synthetic UHMWPE is an ideal candidate due to its biocompatibility and extremely high tensile strength. However, significant problems are observed in UHMWPE based implants, such as wear debris and oxidative degradation. To resolve the issue of wear and to enhance the life of UHMWPE as an implant, in recent years, this field has witnessed numerous innovative methodologies such as biofunctionalization or high temperature melting of UHMWPE to enhance its toughness and strength. The surface functionalization/modification/treatment of UHMWPE is very challenging as it requires optimizing many variables, such as surface tension and wettability, active functional groups on the surface, irradiation, and protein immobilization to successfully improve the mechanical properties of UHMWPE and reduce or eliminate the wear or osteolysis of the UHMWPE implant. Despite these difficulties, several surface roughening, functionalization, and irradiation processing technologies have been developed and applied in the recent past. The basic research and direct industrial applications of such material improvement technology are very significant, as evidenced by the significant number of published papers and patents. However, the available literature on research methodology and techniques related to material property enhancement and protection from wear of UHMWPE is disseminated, and there is a lack of a comprehensive source for the research community to access information on the subject matter. Here we provide an overview of recent developments and core challenges in the surface modification/functionalization/irradiation of UHMWPE and apply these findings to the case study of UHMWPE for ACL repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia B. Wahed
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.B.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Colin R. Dunstan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Philip A. Boughton
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Andrew J. Ruys
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Shaikh N. Faisal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science & Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Tania B. Wahed
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh;
| | - Bidita Salahuddin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Xinying Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.D.); (P.A.B.); (A.J.R.); (X.C.)
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Chun H. Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Mohammad S. Islam
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Y.Z.); (C.H.W.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Shazed Aziz
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Correspondence: (S.B.W.); (S.A.)
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Ahmed U, Ahmed R, Masoud MS, Tariq M, Ashfaq UA, Augustine R, Hasan A. Stem cells based in vitro models: trends and prospects in biomaterials cytotoxicity studies. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:042003. [PMID: 33686970 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abe6d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced biomaterials are increasingly used for numerous medical applications from the delivery of cancer-targeted therapeutics to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The issues of foreign body reactions induced by biomaterials must be controlled for preventing treatment failure. Therefore, it is important to assess the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of biomaterials on cell culture systems before proceeding to in vivo studies in animal models and subsequent clinical trials. Direct use of biomaterials on animals create technical challenges and ethical issues and therefore, the use of non-animal models such as stem cell cultures could be useful for determination of their safety. However, failure to recapitulate the complex in vivo microenvironment have largely restricted stem cell cultures for testing the cytotoxicity of biomaterials. Nevertheless, properties of stem cells such as their self-renewal and ability to differentiate into various cell lineages make them an ideal candidate for in vitro screening studies. Furthermore, the application of stem cells in biomaterials screening studies may overcome the challenges associated with the inability to develop a complex heterogeneous tissue using primary cells. Currently, embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells are being used as in vitro preliminary biomaterials testing models with demonstrated advantages over mature primary cell or cell line based in vitro models. This review discusses the status and future directions of in vitro stem cell-based cultures and their derivatives such as spheroids and organoids for the screening of their safety before their application to animal models and human in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000 Punjab, Pakistan
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Enzymatic degradation of ginkgolic acids by laccase immobilized on core/shell Fe 3O 4/nylon composite nanoparticles using novel coaxial electrospraying process. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:270-280. [PMID: 33418049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization can increase enzyme reusability to reduce cost of industrial production. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract is commonly used for medical purposes, but it contains ginkgolic acid, which has negative effects on human health. Here, we report a novel approach to solve the problem by degrading the ginkgolic acid with immobilized-laccase, where core/shell composite nanoparticles prepared by coaxial electrospraying might be first applied to enzyme immobilization. The core/shell Fe3O4/nylon 6,6 composite nanoparticles (FNCNs) were prepared using one-step coaxial electrospraying and can be simply recovered by magnetic force. The glutaraldehyde-treated FNCNs (FNGCNs) were used to immobilize laccase. As a result, thermal stability of the free laccase was significantly improved in the range of 60-90 °C after immobilization. The laccase-immobilized FNGCNs (L-FNGCNs) were applied to degrade the ginkgolic acids, and the rate constants (k) and times (τ50) were ~0.02 min-1 and lower than 39 min, respectively, showing good catalytic performance. Furthermore, the L-FNGCNs exhibited a relative activity higher than 0.5 after being stored for 21 days or reused for 5 cycles, showing good storage stability and reusability. Therefore, the FNGCNs carrier was a promising enzyme immobilization system and its further development and applications were of interest.
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Raut HK, Das R, Liu Z, Liu X, Ramakrishna S. Biocompatibility of Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration or Replacement. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000160. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kumar Raut
- Division of Engineering Product Development Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Rd Singapore 487372 Republic of Singapore
| | - Rupambika Das
- Division of Engineering Product Development Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Rd Singapore 487372 Republic of Singapore
| | - Ziqian Liu
- Department of Mechanical Materials, and Manufacturing Engineering The University of Nottingham Ningbo, China 199 Taikang East Road Ningbo 315100 China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Materials, and Manufacturing Engineering The University of Nottingham Ningbo, China 199 Taikang East Road Ningbo 315100 China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117574 Singapore
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