1
|
Yan M, Liang T, Zhao H, Bi Y, Wang T, Yu T, Zhang Y. Model Properties and Clinical Application in the Finite Element Analysis of Knee Joint: A Review. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:289-302. [PMID: 38174410 PMCID: PMC10834231 DOI: 10.1111/os.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The knee is the most complex joint in the human body, including bony structures like the femur, tibia, fibula, and patella, and soft tissues like menisci, ligaments, muscles, and tendons. Complex anatomical structures of the knee joint make it difficult to conduct precise biomechanical research and explore the mechanism of movement and injury. The finite element model (FEM), as an important engineering analysis technique, has been widely used in many fields of bioengineering research. The FEM has advantages in the biomechanical analysis of objects with complex structures. Researchers can use this technology to construct a human knee joint model and perform biomechanical analysis on it. At the same time, finite element analysis can effectively evaluate variables such as stress, strain, displacement, and rotation, helping to predict injury mechanisms and optimize surgical techniques, which make up for the shortcomings of traditional biomechanics experimental research. However, few papers introduce what material properties should be selected for each anatomic structure of knee FEM to meet different research purposes. Based on previous finite element studies of the knee joint, this paper summarizes various modeling strategies and applications, serving as a reference for constructing knee joint models and research design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanchi Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianrui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hua Z, Hu M, Chen Y, Huang X, Gao L. Investigation of the Friction Properties of a New Artificial Imitation Cartilage Material: PHEMA/Glycerol Gel. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114023. [PMID: 37297157 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The absence of artificial articular cartilage could cause the failure of artificial joints due to excessive material wear. There has been limited research on alternative materials for articular cartilage in joint prostheses, with few reducing the friction coefficient of artificial cartilage prostheses to the range of the natural cartilage friction coefficient (0.001-0.03). This work aimed to obtain and characterize mechanically and tribologically a new gel for potential application in articular replacement. Therefore, poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)/glycerol synthetic gel was developed as a new type of artificial joint cartilage with a low friction coefficient, especially in calf serum. This glycerol material was developed via mixing HEMA and glycerin at a mass ratio of 1:1. The mechanical properties were studied, and it was found that the hardness of the synthetic gel was close to that of natural cartilage. The tribological performance of the synthetic gel was investigated using a reciprocating ball-on-plate rig. The ball samples were made of a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) alloy, and the plates were synthetic glycerol gel and two additional materials for comparison, which were ultra-high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) and 316L stainless steel. It was found that synthetic gel exhibited the lowest friction coefficient in both calf serum (0.018) and deionized water (0.039) compared to the other two conventional materials for knee prostheses. The surface roughness of the gel was found to be 4-5 μm through morphological analysis of wear. This newly proposed material provided a possible solution as a type of cartilage composite coating with hardness and tribological performance close to the nature of use in wear couples with artificial joints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Hua
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mindie Hu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiuling Huang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Leiming Gao
- Department of Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jones CL, Penney BT, Theodossiou SK. Engineering Cell-ECM-Material Interactions for Musculoskeletal Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040453. [PMID: 37106640 PMCID: PMC10135874 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular microenvironment regulates many of the mechanical and biochemical cues that direct musculoskeletal development and are involved in musculoskeletal disease. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a main component of this microenvironment. Tissue engineered approaches towards regenerating muscle, cartilage, tendon, and bone target the ECM because it supplies critical signals for regenerating musculoskeletal tissues. Engineered ECM-material scaffolds that mimic key mechanical and biochemical components of the ECM are of particular interest in musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Such materials are biocompatible, can be fabricated to have desirable mechanical and biochemical properties, and can be further chemically or genetically modified to support cell differentiation or halt degenerative disease progression. In this review, we survey how engineered approaches using natural and ECM-derived materials and scaffold systems can harness the unique characteristics of the ECM to support musculoskeletal tissue regeneration, with a focus on skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendon, and bone. We summarize the strengths of current approaches and look towards a future of materials and culture systems with engineered and highly tailored cell-ECM-material interactions to drive musculoskeletal tissue restoration. The works highlighted in this review strongly support the continued exploration of ECM and other engineered materials as tools to control cell fate and make large-scale musculoskeletal regeneration a reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin L Jones
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr MS2085, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Brian T Penney
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr MS2085, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Sophia K Theodossiou
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr MS2085, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Belluzzi E, Todros S, Pozzuoli A, Ruggieri P, Carniel EL, Berardo A. Human Cartilage Biomechanics: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches towards the Identification of Mechanical Properties in Healthy and Osteoarthritic Conditions. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a complex connective tissue with the fundamental functions of load bearing, shock absorption and lubrication in joints. However, traumatic events, aging and degenerative pathologies may affect its structural integrity and function, causing pain and long-term disability. Osteoarthritis represents a health issue, which concerns an increasing number of people worldwide. Moreover, it has been observed that this pathology also affects the mechanical behavior of the articular cartilage. To better understand this correlation, the here proposed review analyzes the physiological aspects that influence cartilage microstructure and biomechanics, with a special focus on the pathological changes caused by osteoarthritis. Particularly, the experimental data on human articular cartilage are presented with reference to different techniques adopted for mechanical testing and the related theoretical mechanical models usually applied to articular cartilage are briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kanca Y, Özkahraman B. An investigation on tribological behavior of methacrylated κ-carrageenan and gellan gum hydrogels as a candidate for chondral repair. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1271-1285. [PMID: 36473707 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221144235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides have recently attracted attention as structural biomaterials to replace focal chondral defects. In the present study, in-vitro tribological performance of methacrylated κ-carrageenan and gellan gum hydrogels (KA-MA and GG-MA) was evaluated under physiological conditions. Coefficient of friction (COF) was continuously recorded over testing whilst worn area was measured post-testing. The findings help improve our understanding of KA-MA-H and GG-MA-H tribological performance under various physiological conditions. The friction and wear performance of the hydrogels improved in bovine calf serum lubricant at lower applied loads. Adhesion was the dominant wear mechanism detected by SEM. Among the proposed hydrogels GG-MA-H found robust mechanical properties, increased wear resistance and considerably low COF, which may suggest its potential usage as a cartilage substitute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Kanca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 162313Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Bengi Özkahraman
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 162313Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Y, Song J, Wang S, Liu W. Cationic Modified PVA Hydrogels Provide Low Friction and Excellent Mechanical Properties for Potential Cartilage and Orthopedic Applications. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200275. [PMID: 36254859 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel is a promising candidate for articular cartilage repair yet restrained by its mechanical strength and tribological property. Current work reports a newly designed PVA-based hydrogel modified by glycerol (g), bacterial cellulose (BC), and a cationic polymer poly (diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC), which is a novel cationic strengthening choice. The resultant PVA-g-BC-PDMDAAC hydrogel proves the effectiveness of this modification scheme, with a confined compressive modulus of 19.56 MPa and a friction coefficient of 0.057 at a joint-equivalent load and low sliding speed. The water content, swelling property, and creep behavior of this hydrogel are also within a cartilage-mimetic range. The properties of PVA-based hydrogels before PDMDAAC addition are likewise studied as a cross-reference. Besides, PDMDAAC-modified PVA hydrogel realizes ideal mechanical and lubrication properties with a relatively low PVA concentration (10 wt.%) and facile fabrication process, which lays a foundation for mass production and marketization in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Song Wang
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, 518057, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China.,Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, 518057, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Wu H, Chen J, Zhu P, Gao C. La
3+
modified poly(γ‐glutamic acid) hydrogels with high strength and anti‐swelling property for cartilage regeneration. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Hailin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Peizhi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Chunxia Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Song J, Wang S, Liu W. PVA-Based Hydrogels: Promising Candidates for Articular Cartilage Repair. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100147. [PMID: 34272821 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The complex, gradient physiological structure of articular cartilage is a severe hindrance of its self-repair, leaving the clinical treatment of cartilage defects a demanding issue to be addressed. Currently applied tissue engineering treatments and traditional non-tissue engineering treatments have different limitations, for example, cell dedifferentiation, immune rejection, and prosthesis-related complications. Thus, studies have been focusing on seeking promising candidates for novel cartilage repair methods. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels with excellent biocompatibility and tunable material properties have become the alternatives. For pure PVA hydrogels, the mechanical strength and lubricity are not capable of replacing articular cartilage until proper modifications are done. This paper summarizes the research progress in PVA hydrogels, including the preparation, modification, and cartilage-repair-aimed biomimetic improvements. Design guidance of PVA hydrogels is put forward as assistance to functional hydrogel preparation. Finally, the prospects and main obstacles of PVA hydrogels are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Song Wang
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu H, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Ma S, Ma Z, Pei X, Cai M, Zhou F. Cartilage Mimics Adaptive Lubrication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:51114-51121. [PMID: 33140650 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The natural cartilage layer exhibits excellent interface low friction and good load-bearing properties based on the mechanically controlled adaptive lubrication mechanism. Understanding and imitating such a mechanism is important for developing high-load-bearing water-lubrication materials. Here, we report the successful preparation of thermoresponsive layered materials by grafting a poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt) (PSPMA) polyelectrolyte brush onto the subsurface of an initiator-embedded high strength hydrogel [poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-initiator/Fe3+)] [P(NIPAAm-AA-iBr/Fe3+)]. The top soft hydrogel/brush composite layer provides aqueous lubrication, while the bottom thermoresponsive hydrogel layer exhibits adaptive load-bearing capacity that shows tunable stiff or modulus in response to the temperature above and below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST, 32.5 °C). An obvious friction-reduction feature is realized above the LCST, resulting from the dynamic increase of the bottom layer mechanical modulus. Furthermore, in situ lubrication-improvement behavior is achieved upon applying a near-infrared (NIR) laser onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticle (NP)-integrated layered materials. Such a typical lubrication-regulated behavior can be attributed to the synergy effect of the improved load-bearing capacity of the bottom layer and the enhanced lubrication behavior of the top layer with an increase in the polyelectrolyte brush chain density, which is similar to the mechanically controlled adaptive lubrication mechanism of the natural cartilage layer. Current research results provide an inspiration for developing novel biomimetic lubrication materials with considerable load-bearing capacity and also propose a strategy for designing intelligent/stable friction-actuation devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoduo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuanhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhengfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaowei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Meirong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mahmood H, Shepherd DE, Espino DM. A technique for measuring the frictional torque of articular cartilage and replacement biomaterials. Med Eng Phys 2020; 83:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|