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Capobianco V, Baroudi K, Santos MJMC, Rubo JH, Rizkalla AS, Dal Piva AMDO, Vitti RP, Tribst JPM, Santos GC. Post-fatigue fracture load, stress concentration and mechanical properties of feldspathic, leucite- and lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17787. [PMID: 37449193 PMCID: PMC10336509 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the mechanical properties of different CAD/CAM ceramic systems and the post-fatigue fracture and stress distribution when used as cemented crowns. Materials and methods Sixty (60) CAD/CAM monolithic crowns were milled using three different ceramic materials (FD - Feldspathic [Vita Mark II]), LE - Leucite-based ceramic [IPS Empress CAD] and LD - Lithium Disilicate [IPS e.max CAD]) and adhesively cemented on resin composite dyes. Specimens were stored in distillated water (37 °C) for 7 days. After, half of the crowns were submitted to immediate fracture load test while the other half was submitted to fatigue cycling. The average cement layer of approximately 80 μm was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average thickness was used in the three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element Analysis (FEA). For each ceramic material, the density, Poisson ratio, shear modulus, Young modulus, fracture toughness, and true hardness were assessed (n = 3). The data was used to assess the Maximum Principal Stress throughout 3D-FEA according to each material during load to fail and post-fatigue. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results LD showed the highest compression load, density, shear modulus, Young modulus, fracture toughness and true hardness values. While LE presented the lowest mechanical properties values. There is no difference in the Poisson ratio between the evaluated ceramics. Conclusion LD was susceptible to aging process but presented stronger physicomechanical properties, showing the highest post-fatigue fracture load and highest stress magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kusai Baroudi
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, RAS Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- School of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amin S. Rizkalla
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva
- Department of Dental Materials, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA),Universiteit van Amsterdam en Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rafael Pino Vitti
- School of Dentistry, Herminio Ometto University Center, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Mendes Tribst
- Department of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA),Universiteit van Amsterdam en Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gildo Coelho Santos
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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May MM, Machry RV, Fraga S, de Andrade GS, Bottino MA, Valandro LF, May LG. Resin cement coating reverts the machining damage on the flexural fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:971-980. [PMID: 36434818 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of resin cement coating with high and low viscosities on the flexural fatigue strength of machined lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. Discs (IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent) were prepared and divided according to the surface condition (machining [M]-CEREC inLab; and polishing [P]-laboratory procedures), resin cement coating (with or without), and cement viscosity (high [H] and low [L]). The ceramic bonding surface was etched/primed by a one-step primer application followed by resin cement application (Variolink N base + high or low viscosity catalyst; Ivoclar Vivadent). Biaxial flexural fatigue strength was evaluated on a piston-on-three-ball set by the step-test method (n = 15) (initial stress: 60 MPa; incremental steps: 20 MPa; 10,000 cycles/step, at 20 Hz). Weibull statistics were used for fatigue data. Contact angle, topographic, and fractographic analysis were also performed. Machining produced statistically lower contact angle than polishing and a significant detrimental effect on the fatigue behavior (σ0 M = 247.2 [246.9-268.3]; σ0 P = 337.4 [297.8-382.4]). Machined groups followed by resin cement coating (σ0 MH = 297.9 [276.0-321.5]; σ0 Ml = 301.2 [277.1-327.4]) behaved similarly to the polished and coated groups (σ0 PH = 342.0 [308.9-378.5]; σ0 PL = 357.3 [324.7-393.1]), irrespective of the cement viscosity. Therefore, cement coating has able to revert the detrimental effects of the machining on the fatigue strength of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. High and low viscosity cements behaved similarly in the improvement of CAD-CAM lithium disilicate fatigue strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mirian May
- Post-Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Renan Vaz Machry
- Post-Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sara Fraga
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Antonio Bottino
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Liliana Gressler May
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Velho HC, Dapieve KS, Valandro LF, Pereira GKR, Venturini AB. Cyclic fatigue tests on non-anatomic specimens of dental ceramic materials: A scoping review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:104985. [PMID: 34861521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present scoping review was to identify and discuss the methods, testing parameters, and characteristics used to induce cyclic fatigue on non-anatomic dental ceramic specimens. In vitro studies written in English which evaluated commercially-available non-anatomic dental ceramic specimens subjected to mechanical cyclic fatigue were selected. The search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The initial search yielded 1,636 articles, of which 81 were included. Based on the collected data, most of the included studies evaluated dental ceramic specimens cemented to supporting substrate (n= 42; 51.9%); used step-stress (n= 35; 42.2%) accelerated fatigue test, loading frequencies above 10 Hz (n= 31, 35.6%), stainless steel (n = 28, 32.6%) load applicator with spherical shaped tip 40 mm diameter (n= 25, 30.9%); applied only axial loads (n= 77, 95.1%); and considered a wet testing environment (n= 65, 78.3%). The definition of test geometry, method, and testing parameters must be cautiously considered according to the study objective and the scenario that is simulated. Accelerated fatigue tests, load frequencies up to 20 Hz, a 40 mm stainless steel spherical load applicator and a wet testing environment are the major common defined parameters presented in the existing literature. More studies exploring the influence of such factors on fatigue mechanism are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder Callegaro Velho
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Kiara Serafini Dapieve
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Borin Venturini
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Soares PM, Cadore-Rodrigues AC, Souto Borges AL, Valandro LF, Pereira GKR, Rippe MP. Load-bearing capacity under fatigue and FEA analysis of simplified ceramic restorations supported by Peek or zirconia polycrystals as foundation substrate for implant purposes. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 123:104760. [PMID: 34418777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The fatigue behavior and FEA analysis of different ceramic materials cemented over distinct substrates for implant-supported crowns were evaluated in this study. Discs of 10 mm in diameter of both restorative and substrate materials were made and randomly allocated into pairs (n = 15) considering the two study factors: 'restorative ceramic material' (1 mm thickness) - polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN), lithium disilicate (LD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS), or translucent zirconia (TZ); and 'foundation substrate' (2 mm thickness) - polyetheretherketone (Peek) or yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YZ). Adhesive cementation was made with a dual cure resin cement. Fatigue testing was run using the step-stress methodology: initial load of 200 N for 5000 cycles, followed by steps of 10,000 cycles starting at 400 N up to 2800 N or until failure, step size of 200 N, frequency of 20 Hz. Data were analyzed by the Kaplan Meier and log-rank post-hoc tests. Fractography analysis (stereomicroscope and SEM) and FEA were also performed. Both factors under study and their interaction statistically influenced the fatigue failure load (FFL), cycles for failure (CFF) and survival rates (p < 0.001). The restorative materials bonded to YZ had higher FFL and CFF than when adhering to Peek, while restorative materials with more crystalline content (TZ and ZLS) showed higher FFL and CFF than LD and PICN. The fractography analysis showed that all materials bonded to YZ resulted in failures starting at the occlusal surface (Hertzian cone cracks), while materials bonded to Peek had radial cracks from the ceramic-cement intaglio surface. FEA analysis showed that tensile stress concentration decreased in the intaglio surface when testing the restorative material over a stiffer (YZ) foundation substrate. In addition, the higher the restorative material's crystalline content, the more the stress is concentrated within the material (TZ > ZLS ≥ LD > PICN) when bonded to the same foundation substrate. Thus, it concluded that a stiffer foundation substrate (YZ) enhances the load-bearing capacity under fatigue of the restorative set; that restorative materials with higher crystalline content results in higher fatigue performance of the set, regardless of the foundation used; and that the foundation material influences the failure pattern of the restorative set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Machado Soares
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Cadore-Rodrigues
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology ICT/SJC, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Marília Pivetta Rippe
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Velho HC, Dapieve KS, Rocha Pereira GK, Fraga S, Valandro LF, Venturini AB. Accelerated loading frequency does not influence the fatigue behavior of polymer infiltrated ceramic network or lithium disilicate glass-ceramic restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Venturini AB, Wandscher VF, Marchionatti AME, Evangelisti E, Ramos GF, Melo RM, May LG, Baldissara P, Valandro LF. Effect of resin cement space on the fatigue behavior of bonded CAD/CAM leucite ceramic crowns. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103893. [PMID: 32957199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of occlusal resin cement space on the fatigue performance of bonded-leucite crowns to a dentin-analogue material. Leucite anatomical crowns were adhesively cemented to dentin-like preparations having distinct occlusal cement space (50, 100 and 300 μm) (n = 18), and subjected to step-stress fatigue testing (150 N - 350 N; step-size: 25 N; 20,000 cycles/step; 20 Hz). Fatigue data (load and number of cycles for failure) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Mantel-Cox (log-rank) tests (p <0.05). Fractographic analysis and occlusal internal space measurements were also performed. There was no significant difference for the distinct occlusal cement layer (50 μm: 289 N, 136,111 cycles; 100 μm: 285 N, 132,778 cycles; 300 μm: 246 N, 101,667 cycles). Occlusal internal space analysis showed a mean thickness of 120.4 (50 μm), 174.9 (100 μm) and 337.2 (300 μm). All failures were radial cracks originating at the ceramic-cement interface. Distinct occlusal cement spaces had no effect on the fatigue behavior of anatomical leucite crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Borin Venturini
- Division of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius Felipe Wandscher
- Division of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Edoardo Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Neuromotor, Division of Prosthodontics, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gabriela Freitas Ramos
- Division of Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | - Renata Marques Melo
- Division of Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Gressler May
- Division of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Paolo Baldissara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Neuromotor, Division of Prosthodontics, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Division of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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