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Aydınoğlu A. Enhancing orthopedic outcomes: A comparative analysis of gentamicin sulphate and nanosilver in bone cement. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35189. [PMID: 39157348 PMCID: PMC11328090 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Orthopedic surgeries frequently utilize bone cement, which can increase the risk of postoperative infections. Addressing this challenge, this study aims to enhance the mechanical, physical, and handling properties of bone cement by integrating gentamicin sulfate (GS) and nanosilver (nAg). The objective is to evaluate and compare the effects of these additives on properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, doughing time, working time, setting time, and exothermic temperature. By doing so, the study seeks to identify a safer and more effective alternative to traditional antibiotics in bone cement formulations, thereby improving clinical outcomes in orthopedic procedures. Methods This research involved a comparative analysis of modified cements against standard cements, focusing on compressive strength, flexural strength, doughing time, working time, setting time, and exothermic temperature. Various bone cement samples with GS and nAg additives were prepared and tested in accordance with international standards (ISO 5833:2002 and ASTM F451). Statistical analysis, including one-way and two-way ANOVA tests, was used to assess the significance of the results. Results nAg-loaded cements exhibit mechanical and physical properties on par with or supe-rior to those of GS-loaded and standard cements. Notably, nAg incorporation leads to significantly lower exothermic temperatures, reducing the risk of thermal bone tissue damage. This finding highlights that nAg-loaded cement is a safer alternative. Alongside unaltered or enhanced strength, nAgs demonstrate promise for orthopedic applications, particularly in primary arthroplasty. Additionally, nAgs reduce doughing time, enhancing the practicality of these methods in surgical settings. Conclusions In conclusion, this study underscores the potential advantages of incorporating GSs and nAgs into bone cement. nAg-loaded cement offers improved properties and reduced infection risk, making it a valuable choice for orthopedic procedures. It enhances both mechanical performance and safety, addressing crucial concerns in orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Aydınoğlu
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Istanbul, 34349, Turkiye
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Liu D, Li H, Yang Y, Xu S, Zheng X, Liu J, Miyazaki T, Zhu Y. Preparation and characterizations of antibacterial poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement via copolymerization with a quaternary ammonium monomer of dimethylaminotriclosan methacrylate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 151:106367. [PMID: 38194787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement relies on the loaded antibiotic to realize the antibacterial purpose. But the exothermic behavior during setting often makes temperature-sensitive antibiotics inactivated. It is necessary to develop new material candidates to replace antibiotics. In this study, a new quaternary ammonium methacrylate (QAM) monomer called dimethylaminetriclosan methacrylate (DMATCM) was designed by the quaternization between 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and triclosan, then employed as the modifier to explore the feasibility of equipping bone cement with antibacterial activity, and to investigate the variations on the physical and biological performances brought by the substitution ratio of DMATCM to MMA. Results showed that DMATCM opened its C=C bonding to participate in the MMA polymerization, and the quaternary ammonium group helped it to perform broad-spectrum antibacterial property against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. With an increased substitution ratio of DMATCM to MMA, the glass transition temperatures, the maximum exothermic temperatures, and the contact angles of bone cements declined, but the residual monomer contents, the fluid uptakes, and the setting times under Vical indentation increased. Long-term soaking made almost no changes to the weight loss and the mechanical properties of DMATCM-modified cements with lower substitution ratios of 0∼20%, and the activation rather enhanced the strengths of uncured AMBC-4 and AMBC-5 samples. Owing to more DMATCM exposed on the cement surface, the inhibition ring diameter produced by modified cement was improved to a maximum of 28.09 mm, and MC3T3-E1 cells performed the cell viabilities all beyond 70% and healthy adhesion after 72 h co-culturing. Taking all measured properties and ISO standards into account, the antibacterial bone cement under the ratio of 10% performed better, besides its good bactericidal effect, the other properties satisfied the requirements for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Lianhua Campus, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China.
| | - Haoyang Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Lianhua Campus, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China.
| | - Yunping Yang
- Spine Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No.176 Qingnian Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, China.
| | - Shan Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Lianhua Campus, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China.
| | - Xihao Zheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Lianhua Campus, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China.
| | - Jinkun Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Lianhua Campus, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China.
| | - Toshiki Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, 808-0196, Japan.
| | - Yan Zhu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 68 Wenchang Road, Lianhua Campus, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China.
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Gao Z, Xu Y, Kan Y, Li H, Guo R, Han L, Bu W, Chu J. Comparison of antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of non-leaching nitrofuran bone cement loaded with vancomycin, gentamicin, and tigecycline. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:569. [PMID: 37542269 PMCID: PMC10403827 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-leaching antibacterial bone cement can generate long-term antibacterial activity, it cannot treat serious infections that have occurred like antibiotic-loaded bone cement. Currently, the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of non-leaching cement when loaded with antibiotics have yet to be determined. METHODS Non-leaching antibacterial nitrofuran bone cement (NFBC) specimens were prepared with low-dose and high-dose antibiotics. The antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of NFBC loaded with vancomycin, gentamicin, and tigecycline were compared. The agar diffusion method was employed to observe the inhibition zone of the samples against two bacterial strains from day one to day seven. The CCK-8 assay and acute liver and kidney toxicity test were conducted to assess the effects of the samples on mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells and C57 mice, respectively. RESULTS Gentamicin-loaded cement exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity, effectively inhibiting both bacterial strains at a low dose. Tigecycline-loaded cement demonstrated superior biocompatibility, showing no acute liver and kidney toxicity in mice and minimal cytotoxicity to osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS NFBC loaded with gentamicin, vancomycin, and tigecycline not only maintains sustained antibacterial activity but also exhibits excellent biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuchen Kan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China
| | - Luyang Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China
| | - Wenhan Bu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China
| | - Jianjun Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China.
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Cao L, Xie X, Yu W, Xu HHK, Bai Y, Zhang K, Zhang N. Novel protein-repellent and antibacterial polymethyl methacrylate dental resin in water-aging for 6 months. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:457. [PMID: 36309721 PMCID: PMC9618229 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to develop a novel protein-repellent and antibacterial polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dental resin with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and quaternary ammonium dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), and to investigate the effects of water-aging for 6 months on the mechanical properties, protein adsorption, and antibacterial activity of the dental resin. Methods Four groups were tested: PMMA control; PMMA + 3% MPC; PMMA + 1.5% DMAHDM; and PMMA + 3% MPC + 1.5% DMADDM in acrylic resin powder. Specimens were water-aged for 1 d, 3 months, and 6 months at 37 ℃. Their mechanical properties were then measured using a three-point flexure test. Protein adsorption was measured using a micro bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. A human saliva microcosm model was used to inoculate bacteria on water-aged specimens and to investigate the live/dead staining, metabolic activity of biofilms, and colony-forming units (CFUs). Results The flexural strength and elastic modulus showed a significant loss after 6 months of water-ageing for the PMMA control (mean ± SD; n = 10); in contrast, the new protein repellent and antibacterial PMMA resin showed no strength loss. The PMMA–MPC–DMAHDM-containing resin imparted a strong antibacterial effect by greatly reducing biofilm viability and metabolic activity. The biofilm CFU count was reduced by about two orders of magnitude (p < 0.05) compared with that of the PMMA resin control. The protein adsorption was 20% that of a commercial composite (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the PMMA–MPC–DMAHDM-containing resin exhibited a long-term antibacterial performance, with no significant difference between 1 d, 3 months and 6 months (p > 0.05). Conclusions The flexural strength and elastic modulus of the PMMA–MPC–DMAHDM-containing resin were superior to those of the PMMA control after 6 months of water-ageing. The novel PMMA resin incorporating MPC and DMAHDM exhibited potent and lasting protein-repellent and antibacterial properties.
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Additives Imparting Antimicrobial Properties to Acrylic Bone Cements. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14227031. [PMID: 34832430 PMCID: PMC8622877 DOI: 10.3390/ma14227031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PMMA bone cements are mainly used to fix implanted prostheses and are introduced as a fluid mixture, which hardens over time. The problem of infected prosthesis could be solved due to the development of some new antibacterial bone cements. In this paper, we show the results obtained to develop four different modified PMMA bone cements by using antimicrobial additives, such as gentamicin, peppermint oil incorporated in hydroxyapatite, and silver nanoparticles incorporated in a ceramic glass matrix (2 and 4%). The structure and morphology of the modified bone cements were investigated by SEM and EDS. We perform experimental measurements on wettability, hydration degree, and degradation degree after immersion in simulated body fluid. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay using the human MG-63 cell line. Antimicrobial properties were checked against standard strains Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The addition of antimicrobial agents did not significantly affect the hydration and degradation degree. In terms of biocompatibility assessed by the MTT test, all experimental PMMA bone cements are biocompatible. The performance of bone cements with peppermint essential oil and silver nanoparticles against these two pathogens suggests that these antibacterial additives look promising to be used in clinical practice against bacterial infection.
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Wang Y, Zhou R, Sun N, He M, Wu Y, Xue W. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 1,4‐pentadien‐3‐one derivatives bearing a benzothiazole moiety. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang China
- Monitoring of Four Families Anshun Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Anshun China
| | - Ran Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Nan Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Ming He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- Institute of Agro‐bioengineering/College of Life Sciences Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang China
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