1
|
Grasso D, Galderisi S, Santucci A, Bernini A. Pharmacological Chaperones and Protein Conformational Diseases: Approaches of Computational Structural Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065819. [PMID: 36982893 PMCID: PMC10054308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Whenever a protein fails to fold into its native structure, a profound detrimental effect is likely to occur, and a disease is often developed. Protein conformational disorders arise when proteins adopt abnormal conformations due to a pathological gene variant that turns into gain/loss of function or improper localization/degradation. Pharmacological chaperones are small molecules restoring the correct folding of a protein suitable for treating conformational diseases. Small molecules like these bind poorly folded proteins similarly to physiological chaperones, bridging non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and van der Waals contacts) loosened or lost due to mutations. Pharmacological chaperone development involves, among other things, structural biology investigation of the target protein and its misfolding and refolding. Such research can take advantage of computational methods at many stages. Here, we present an up-to-date review of the computational structural biology tools and approaches regarding protein stability evaluation, binding pocket discovery and druggability, drug repurposing, and virtual ligand screening. The tools are presented as organized in an ideal workflow oriented at pharmacological chaperones' rational design, also with the treatment of rare diseases in mind.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grasso
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Galderisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grigor’eva EV, Kopytova AE, Yarkova ES, Pavlova SV, Sorogina DA, Malakhova AA, Malankhanova TB, Baydakova GV, Zakharova EY, Medvedev SP, Pchelina SN, Zakian SM. Biochemical Characteristics of iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons from N370S GBA Variant Carriers with and without Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054437. [PMID: 36901867 PMCID: PMC10002967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GBA variants increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) by 10 times. The GBA gene encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The p.N370S substitution causes a violation of the enzyme conformation, which affects its stability in the cell. We studied the biochemical characteristics of dopaminergic (DA) neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a PD patient with the GBA p.N370S mutation (GBA-PD), an asymptomatic GBA p.N370S carrier (GBA-carrier), and two healthy donors (control). Using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we measured the activity of six lysosomal enzymes (GCase, galactocerebrosidase (GALC), alpha-glucosidase (GAA), alpha-galactosidase (GLA), sphingomyelinase (ASM), and alpha-iduronidase (IDUA)) in iPSC-derived DA neurons from the GBA-PD and GBA-carrier. DA neurons from the GBA mutation carrier demonstrated decreased GCase activity compared to the control. The decrease was not associated with any changes in GBA expression levels in DA neurons. GCase activity was more markedly decreased in the DA neurons of GBA-PD patient compared to the GBA-carrier. The amount of GCase protein was decreased only in GBA-PD neurons. Additionally, alterations in the activity of the other lysosomal enzymes (GLA and IDUA) were found in GBA-PD neurons compared to GBA-carrier and control neurons. Further study of the molecular differences between the GBA-PD and the GBA-carrier is essential to investigate whether genetic factors or external conditions are the causes of the penetrance of the p.N370S GBA variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Grigor’eva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alena E. Kopytova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Scientific and Research Centre, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Elena S. Yarkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sophia V. Pavlova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Diana A. Sorogina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Malakhova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tuyana B. Malankhanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergey P. Medvedev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sofia N. Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Scientific and Research Centre, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Suren M. Zakian
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aries C, Lohmöller B, Tiede S, Täuber K, Hartmann G, Rudolph C, Muschol N. Promising Effect of High Dose Ambroxol Treatment on Neurocognition and Motor Development in a Patient With Neuropathic Gaucher Disease 2. Front Neurol 2022; 13:907317. [PMID: 35734474 PMCID: PMC9207411 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.907317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher Disease (GD) 2 is a rare inherited lysosomal disorder. Early-onset and rapid progression of neurovisceral symptoms lead to fatal outcome in early childhood. Treatment is symptomatic, a curative therapy is currently not available. This prospective study describes the clinical and biochemical outcome of a GD 2 patient treated with high dose ambroxol from the age of 4 months. Due to progressive hepatosplenomegaly additional enzyme replacement therapy was required 1 year after ambroxol monotherapy was initiated. Detailed clinical follow-up data demonstrated an age-appropriate neurocognitive and motor development but no clear benefit on peripheral organs. Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-GL1) in cerebrospinal fluid decreased remarkably compared to pre-treatment, whereas Lyso-GL1 and chitotriosidase in blood increased. Ambroxol treatment of patient fibroblasts revealed a significant increase in β-glucocerebrosidase activity in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a GD 2 patient with age-appropriate cognitive and motor development at 3 years of age. Combination of high dose ambroxol with ERT proved to be a successful approach to manage both visceral and neurological manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Aries
- Department of Pediatrics, International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lohmöller
- Department of Pediatrics, International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Tiede
- Department of Pediatrics, International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- University Children's Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karolin Täuber
- Department of Pediatrics, International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia Rudolph
- Department of Pediatrics, International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Muschol
- Department of Pediatrics, International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nicole Muschol
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scafuri B, Verdino A, D'Arminio N, Marabotti A. Computational methods to assist in the discovery of pharmacological chaperones for rare diseases. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6590149. [PMID: 35595532 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological chaperones are chemical compounds able to bind proteins and stabilize them against denaturation and following degradation. Some pharmacological chaperones have been approved, or are under investigation, for the treatment of rare inborn errors of metabolism, caused by genetic mutations that often can destabilize the structure of the wild-type proteins expressed by that gene. Given that, for rare diseases, there is a general lack of pharmacological treatments, many expectations are poured out on this type of compounds. However, their discovery is not straightforward. In this review, we would like to focus on the computational methods that can assist and accelerate the search for these compounds, showing also examples in which these methods were successfully applied for the discovery of promising molecules belonging to this new category of pharmacologically active compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardina Scafuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Anna Verdino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Nancy D'Arminio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Anna Marabotti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pavan M, Bassani D, Bolcato G, Bissaro M, Sturles M, Moro S. Computational strategies to identify new drug candidates against neuroinflammation. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4756-4775. [PMID: 35135446 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220208095122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The even more increasing application of computational approaches in these last decades has deeply modified the process of discovery and commercialization of new therapeutic entities. This is especially true in the field of neuroinflammation, in which both the peculiar anatomical localization and the presence of the blood-brain barrier makeit mandatory to finely tune the candidates' physicochemical properties from the early stages of the discovery pipeline. The aim of this review is therefore to provide a general overview to the readers about the topic of neuroinflammation, together with the most common computational strategies that can be exploited to discover and design small molecules controlling neuroinflammation, especially those based on the knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biological targets of therapeutic interest. The techniques used to describe the molecular recognition mechanisms, such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics, will therefore be eviscerated, highlighting their advantages and their limitations. Finally, we report several case studies in which computational methods have been applied in drug discovery on neuroinflammation, focusing on the last decade's research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pavan
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Bassani
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bolcato
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maicol Bissaro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Sturles
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ha Y, Jang M, Lee S, Lee JY, Lee WC, Bae S, Kang J, Han M, Kim Y. Identification of inhibitor binding hotspots in Acinetobacter baumannii β-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase III using molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 100:107669. [PMID: 32659632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterium that is rapidly developing drug resistance due to the abuse of antibiotics. The emergence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii has greatly contributed to the urgency of developing new antibiotics. Previously, we had discovered two potent inhibitors of A. baumannii β-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase III (abKAS III), YKab-4 and YKab-6, which showed potent activity against A. baumannii. In addition, we have reported the crystal structure of abKAS III. In the present study, we investigated the binding between abKAS III and its inhibitors by docking simulation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed using docked inhibitor models to identify the hotspot residues related to inhibitor binding. The binding free energies estimated using the MD simulations suggest that residues I198 and F260 of abKAS III serve as the inhibitor binding hotspots. I198, found to be responsible for mediating hydrophobic interactions with inhibitors, had the strongest residual binding energy among all abKAS III residues. We modeled glutamine substitutions of residues I198 and F260 and estimated the relative binding energies of the I198Q and F260Q variants. The results confirmed that I198 and F260 are the key inhibitor binding residues. The roles of the key residues in inhibitor binding, i.e. F260 in the α9 helix and the I198 in the β6β7 loop region, were investigated using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA revealed the structural changes resulting from the abKAS III I198Q and F260Q mutations and described the essential dynamics of the α9 helix. In addition, the results suggest that the β6β7 loop region may act as a gate keeper for ligand binding. Hydrophobic interactions involving I198 and F260 in abKAS III appear to be essential for the binding of the inhibitors YKab-4 and YKab-6. In conclusion, this study provides valuable information for the rational design of antibiotics via the inhibition of abKAS III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Ha
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Mihee Jang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Sehan Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, South Korea
| | - Jee-Young Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, South Korea
| | - Woo Cheol Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Seri Bae
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, South Korea
| | - Jihee Kang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Han
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, 41061, South Korea.
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Giraldo P. Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapy for Gaucher Disease. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-019-09267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
8
|
Alméciga-Diaz CJ, Hidalgo OA, Olarte-Avellaneda S, Rodríguez-López A, Guzman E, Garzón R, Pimentel-Vera LN, Puentes-Tellez MA, Rojas-Rodriguez AF, Gorshkov K, Li R, Zheng W. Identification of Ezetimibe and Pranlukast as Pharmacological Chaperones for the Treatment of the Rare Disease Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVA. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6175-6189. [PMID: 31188588 PMCID: PMC11292729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS). We report here two GALNS pharmacological chaperones, ezetimibe and pranlukast, identified by molecular docking-based virtual screening. These compounds bound to the active cavity of GALNS and increased its thermal stability as well as the production of recombinant GALNS in bacteria, yeast, and HEK293 cells. MPS IVA fibroblasts treated with these chaperones exhibited increases in GALNS protein and enzyme activity and reduced the size of enlarged lysosomes. Abnormalities in autophagy markers p62 and LC3B-II were alleviated by ezetimibe and pranlukast. Combined treatment of recombinant GALNS with ezetimibe or pranlukast produced an additive effect. Altogether, the results demonstrate that ezetimibe and pranlukast can increase the yield of recombinant GALNS and be used as a monotherapy or combination therapy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MPS IVA enzyme replacement therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Alméciga-Diaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia
| | - Oscar A. Hidalgo
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia
| | - Sergio Olarte-Avellaneda
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., 111321, Colombia
| | - Alexander Rodríguez-López
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia
| | - Esteban Guzman
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia
| | - Rafael Garzón
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia
| | - Luisa Natalia Pimentel-Vera
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia
| | - María Alejandra Puentes-Tellez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia
| | - Andrés Felipe Rojas-Rodriguez
- Computational and Structural Biochemistry, Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia
| | - Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rong Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thomas R, Kermode AR. Enzyme enhancement therapeutics for lysosomal storage diseases: Current status and perspective. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:83-97. [PMID: 30528228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule- enzyme enhancement therapeutics (EETs) have emerged as attractive agents for the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), a broad group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes, or proteins required for lysosomal function. The underlying enzyme deficiencies characterizing LSDs cause a block in the stepwise degradation of complex macromolecules (e.g. glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids and others), such that undegraded or partially degraded substrates progressively accumulate in lysosomal and non-lysosomal compartments, a process leading to multisystem pathology via primary and secondary mechanisms. Missense mutations underlie many of the LSDs; the resultant mutant variant enzyme hydrolase is often impaired in its folding and maturation making it subject to rapid disposal by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). Enzyme deficiency in the lysosome is the result, even though the mutant enzyme may retain significant catalytic functioning. Small molecule modulators - pharmacological chaperones (PCs), or proteostasis regulators (PRs) are being identified through library screens and computational tools, as they may offer a less costly approach than enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for LSDs, and potentially treat neuronal forms of the diseases. PCs, capable of directly stabilizing the mutant protein, and PRs, which act on other cellular elements to enhance protein maturation, both allow a proportion of the synthesized variant protein to reach the lysosome and function. Proof-of-principle for PCs and PRs as therapeutic agents has been demonstrated for several LSDs, yet definitive data of their efficacy in disease models and/or in downstream clinical studies in many cases has yet to be achieved. Basic research to understand the cellular consequences of protein misfolding such as perturbed organellar crosstalk, redox status, and calcium balance is needed. Likewise, an elucidation of the early in cellulo pathogenic events underlying LSDs is vital and may lead to the discovery of new small molecule modulators and/or to other therapeutic approaches for driving proteostasis toward protein rescue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Allison R Kermode
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yagci ZB, Esvap E, Ozkara HA, Ulgen KO, Olmez EO. Inflammatory response and its relation to sphingolipid metabolism proteins: Chaperones as potential indirect anti-inflammatory agents. MOLECULAR CHAPERONES IN HUMAN DISORDERS 2019; 114:153-219. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|