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Karabulut S, Kaur H, Gauld JW. Applications and Potential of In Silico Approaches for Psychedelic Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:5966. [PMID: 37630218 PMCID: PMC10459288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular-level investigations of the Central Nervous System have been revolutionized by the development of computational methods, computing power, and capacity advances. These techniques have enabled researchers to analyze large amounts of data from various sources, including genomics, in vivo, and in vitro drug tests. In this review, we explore how computational methods and informatics have contributed to our understanding of mental health disorders and the development of novel drugs for neurological diseases, with a special focus on the emerging field of psychedelics. In addition, the use of state-of-the-art computational methods to predict the potential of drug compounds and bioinformatic tools to integrate disparate data sources to create predictive models is also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges associated with these methods, such as the need for large datasets and the diversity of in vitro data, are explored. Overall, this review highlights the immense potential of computational methods and informatics in Central Nervous System research and underscores the need for continued development and refinement of these techniques and more inclusion of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Karabulut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada;
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Pharmala Biotech, 82 Richmond Street E, Toronto, ON M5C 1P1, Canada;
| | - James W. Gauld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada;
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Cosi C, Martel JC, Auclair AL, Collo G, Cavalleri L, Heusler P, Leriche L, Gaudoux F, Sokoloff P, Moser PC, Gatti-McArthur S. Pharmacology profile of F17464, a dopamine D 3 receptor preferential antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 890:173635. [PMID: 33065094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
F17464 (N-(3-{4-[4-(8-Oxo-8H-[1,3]-dioxolo-[4,5-g]-chromen-7-yl)-butyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-phenyl)-methanesulfonamide, hydrochloride) is a new potential antipsychotic with a unique profile. The compound exhibits high affinity for the human dopamine receptor subtype 3 (hD3) (Ki = 0.17 nM) and the serotonin receptor subtype 1a (5-HT1a) (Ki = 0.16 nM) and a >50 fold lower affinity for the human dopamine receptor subtype 2 short and long form (hD2s/l) (Ki = 8.9 and 12.1 nM, respectively). [14C]F17464 dynamic studies show a slower dissociation rate from hD3 receptor (t1/2 = 110 min) than from hD2s receptor (t1/2 = 1.4 min) and functional studies demonstrate that F17464 is a D3 receptor antagonist, 5-HT1a receptor partial agonist. In human dopaminergic neurons F17464 blocks ketamine induced morphological changes, an effect D3 receptor mediated. In vivo F17464 target engagement of both D2 and 5-HT1a receptors is demonstrated in displacement studies in the mouse brain. F17464 increases dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex and mouse lateral forebrain - dorsal striatum and seems to reduce the effect of MK801 on % c-fos mRNA medium expressing neurons in cortical and subcortical regions. F17464 also rescues valproate induced impairment in a rat social interaction model of autism. All the neurochemistry and behavioural effects of F17464 are observed in the dose range 0.32-2.5 mg/kg i.p. in both rats and mice. The in vitro - in vivo pharmacology profile of F17464 in preclinical models is discussed in support of a therapeutic use of the compound in schizophrenia and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cosi
- Innovation Unit CNS, CEPC Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Bel Air de Campans, 81106, Castres, France
| | - Jean-Claude Martel
- Innovation Unit CNS, CEPC Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Bel Air de Campans, 81106, Castres, France
| | - Agnès L Auclair
- Innovation Unit CNS, CEPC Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Bel Air de Campans, 81106, Castres, France
| | - Ginetta Collo
- Dept of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Cavalleri
- Dept of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Peter Heusler
- Innovation Unit CNS, CEPC Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Bel Air de Campans, 81106, Castres, France
| | - Ludovic Leriche
- Innovation Unit CNS, CEPC Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Bel Air de Campans, 81106, Castres, France
| | - Florence Gaudoux
- Innovation Unit CNS, CEPC Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Bel Air de Campans, 81106, Castres, France
| | - Pierre Sokoloff
- Innovation Unit CNS, CEPC Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Bel Air de Campans, 81106, Castres, France
| | - Paul C Moser
- Innovation Unit CNS, CEPC Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Bel Air de Campans, 81106, Castres, France
| | - Silvia Gatti-McArthur
- Innovation Unit CNS, CEPC Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Bel Air de Campans, 81106, Castres, France.
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Martel JC, Gatti McArthur S. Dopamine Receptor Subtypes, Physiology and Pharmacology: New Ligands and Concepts in Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1003. [PMID: 32765257 PMCID: PMC7379027 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptors are widely distributed within the brain where they play critical modulator roles on motor functions, motivation and drive, as well as cognition. The identification of five genes coding for different dopamine receptor subtypes, pharmacologically grouped as D1- (D1 and D5) or D2-like (D2S, D2L, D3, and D4) has allowed the demonstration of differential receptor function in specific neurocircuits. Recent observation on dopamine receptor signaling point at dopamine-glutamate-NMDA neurobiology as the most relevant in schizophrenia and for the development of new therapies. Progress in the chemistry of D1- and D2-like receptor ligands (agonists, antagonists, and partial agonists) has provided more selective compounds possibly able to target the dopamine receptors homo and heterodimers and address different schizophrenia symptoms. Moreover, an extensive evaluation of the functional effect of these agents on dopamine receptor coupling and intracellular signaling highlights important differences that could also result in highly differentiated clinical pharmacology. The review summarizes the recent advances in the field, addressing the relevance of emerging new targets in schizophrenia in particular in relation to the dopamine - glutamate NMDA systems interactions.
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