Molecular structure and spectral characteristics of hyperoside and analysis of its molecular imprinting adsorption properties based on density functional theory

Potential Implications of Hyperoside on Oxidative Stress-Induced Human Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Hyperoside is a flavonol glycoside mainly found in plants of the genera Hypericum and Crataegus, and also detected in many plant species such as Abelmoschus manihot, Ribes nigrum, Rosa rugosa, Agrostis stolonifera, Apocynum venetum and Nelumbo nucifera. This compound exhibits a multitude of biological functions including anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antioxidative, vascular protective effects and neuroprotective effects, etc. This review summarizes the quantification, original plant, chemical structure and property, structure-activity relationship, pharmacologic effect, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and clinical application of hyperoside, which will be significant for the exploitation for new drug and full utilization of this compound.

Extraction and identification of new flavonoid compounds in dandelion Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. with evaluation of antioxidant activities

Due to the interest in the potential pharmacological application of dandelion, the chemical constituents and activities of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz were studied. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was employed to optimize the protocol for extraction of flavonoid from dandelion. The molecular structures of different flavonoid compounds were acquired and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Several major flavonoid compounds were isolated and purified, namely, hesperetin-5'-O-β-rhamnoglucoside, hesperetin-7-glucuronide, kaempferol-3-glucoside, baicalein, hyperseroside, which were extracted for the first time from dandelion. Hesperetin-5'-O-β-rhamnoglucoside was identified as a new type of flavonoid that had never reported in the literature. This new flavonoid has outstanding antioxidant activity, as shown by its IC₅₀ value (8.72 mg/L) for scavenging DPPH free radicals. The determination of the structure-related antioxidant activities could be interpreted based on DFT calculations. As such, we have not only illustrated the rich flavonoid contents in Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz, but also revealed new types of flavonoid compounds in dandelion in terms of structure and antioxidant properties.

Therapeutic potential of dietary flavonoid hyperoside against non-communicable diseases: targeting underlying properties of diseases

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a global epidemic with diverse pathogenesis. Among them, oxidative stress and inflammation are the most fundamental co-morbid features. Therefore, multi-targets and multi-pathways therapies with significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are potential effective measures for preventing and treating NCDs. The flavonol glycoside compound hyperoside (Hyp) is widely found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, beverages, and medicinal plants and has various health benefits, especially excellent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties targeting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in NCDs and the biological activity and therapeutic potential of Hyp. Our findings reveal that the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities regulated by Hyp are associated with numerous biological mechanisms, including positive regulation of mitochondrial function, apoptosis, autophagy, and higher-level biological damage activities. Hyp is thought to be beneficial against organ injuries, cancer, depression, diabetes, and osteoporosis, and is a potent anti-NCDs agent. Additionally, the sources, bioavailability, pharmacy, and safety of Hyp have been established, highlighting the potential to develop Hyp into dietary supplements and nutraceuticals.

Hyperoside as a Potential Natural Product Targeting Oxidative Stress in Liver Diseases

Hyperoside (Hyp), also known as quercetin-3-O-galactoside or 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl, is a well-known flavonol glycoside that is abundant in various fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. Hyp has been suggested to exhibit a wide range of biological actions, including cardiovascular, renal, neuroprotective, antifungal, antifibrotic, and anticancer effects. Accumulating evidence supports the pharmacological activities of Hyp in improving liver pathophysiology. Hence, the present literature review aims to summarize preclinical data suggesting the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of Hyp. In addition, our study focuses on hepatic antioxidant defense signaling to assess the underlying mechanisms of the biological actions of Hyp that are closely associated with liver diseases. Experimental findings from an up-to-date search showed that Hyp possesses hepatoprotective, antiviral, antisteatotic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and anticancer activities in cellular and animal models related to liver dysfunction by enhancing antioxidant responses. In particular, hepatocellular antioxidant defense via activation of erythroid-related nuclear factor 2 by Hyp chiefly explains how this compound acts as a therapeutic agent in liver diseases. Thus, this review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of Hyp as a strong antioxidative substance that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various liver disorders during their pathogenesis.

The Use of Computational Methods for the Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of theoretical and computational approaches in the study and development of molecular imprinting systems. These tools are being used to either improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying the function of molecular imprinting systems or for the design of new systems. Here, we present an overview of the literature describing the application of theoretical and computational techniques to the different stages of the molecular imprinting process (pre-polymerization mixture, polymerization process and ligand-molecularly imprinted polymer rebinding), along with an analysis of trends within and the current status of this aspect of the molecular imprinting field.

Interaction mechanisms and structure-affinity relationships between hyperoside and soybean β-conglycinin and glycinin

Hyperoside (HYP) is an important natural product that is widely distributed in fruits and whole grasses of various plants. It is also used by consumers as a healthy ingredient. This work explored the interaction mechanisms between HYP and two main soy proteins, namely, β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S), using computational simulation and multi-spectroscopic technology. In this study, the docking and dynamic simulation showed that HYP was stable in the hydrophobic pockets of the proteins. The conformation and microenvironment of 7S/11S also changed after binding to HYP. The binding of HYP to 7S/11S was a state quenching with a good affinity at 4 °C. This result was determined from the binding constant values of (1.995 ± 0.170) × 107 M-1 and (2.951 ± 0.109) × 107 M-1, respectively. The 7S/11S-HYP complex delineated here will provide a novel idea to construct an embedding and delivery system in improving the benefits of HYP for the development of high value-added food products.

Molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for the determination of endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A in bovine milk

Bisphenol A (BPA) contamination from food packaging material has been a major concern in recent years, due to its potential endocrine-disrupting effects on humans, especially infants and children. This paper reports the detection of BPA using an electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide coated glassy carbon electrode used for this study. Density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31 + G (d,p) level was used to calculate the molecular-level interaction between BPA and MIP. The pyrrole electrochemically polymerized in the presence of template molecule BPA on the electrode surface. BPA imprinted cavities were formed by removing entrapped BPA molecules from the polypyrrole film. MIP electrode was used for the determination of BPA in standard and real samples by differential pulse voltammetry. The peak current shows the linear relationship to the logarithmic concentration of BPA between 750 and 0.5 nmolL^-1 with a correlation coefficient, R² = 0.992. The limit of detection was found to be 0.2 nmolL^-1 (S/N = 3). The reproducibility and repeatability of the sensor were also studied.

An Update on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Design through a Computational Approach to Produce Molecular Recognition Material with Enhanced Analytical Performance

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) computational design is expected to become a routine technique prior to synthesis to produce polymers with high affinity and selectivity towards target molecules. Furthermore, using these simulations reduces the cost of optimizing polymerization composition. There are several computational methods used in MIP fabrication and each requires a comprehensive study in order to select a process with results that are most similar to properties exhibited by polymers synthesized through laboratory experiments. Until now, no review has linked computational strategies with experimental results, which are needed to determine the method that is most appropriate for use in designing MIP with high molecular recognition. This review will present an update of the computational approaches started from 2016 until now on quantum mechanics, molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics that have been widely used. It will also discuss the linear correlation between computational results and the polymer performance tests through laboratory experiments to examine to what extent these methods can be relied upon to obtain polymers with high molecular recognition. Based on the literature search, density functional theory (DFT) with various hybrid functions and basis sets is most often used as a theoretical method to provide a shorter MIP manufacturing process as well as good analytical performance as recognition material.

New route for synthesis of 2-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-1,5-methanoazocino[4,3-b]indole and DFT investigation

Development of efficient sequences for the synthesis of the title compound (2-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-1,5-methanoazocino[4,3-b]indole) (7) was described. The title compound was synthesized through several steps starting from phenylhydrazine hydrochloride and dimethyl (R)-2-(3-oxocyclohexyl)malonate. In this route, all synthesized compounds were observed by spectroscopic tools (FT-IR, NMR): Methyl-2-(2,3,4,9-1H-carbazol-2-yl)acetate (3), 2-(2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-2-yl)acetic acid (4), N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-(2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-2-yl)acetamide (5), 2-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-3H-1,5-methanoazocino[4,3-b]indol-3-one (6), 2-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-1,5-methanoazocino[4,3-b]indole (7). The central step in these syntheses is the dehydrogenative reaction, which constructs the tetracyclic ring system from a much simpler tetracyclic precursor. The six-stable conformers of the compound (7) were used for further calculations such as FT-IR, NMR, NLO, and FMO analyses, performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. This work revealed that (7) can be a good material to use in the non-linear optical material because its β tensor is greater ten times than that of the urea.

An Investigation of the Intermolecular Interactions and Recognition Properties of Molecular Imprinted Polymers for Deltamethrin through Computational Strategies

Deltamethrin (DM) is a toxic pesticide that is nonetheless widely used to control insect pests in agricultural production. Although the number of DM molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is increasing in many scientific applications, the theoretical aspects of the participating intramolecular forces are not fully understood. This paper aims to explore the intermolecular interactions between the template molecule DM and the functional monomer acrylamide (AM) through density functional theory (DFT), analysis of hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and adsorption thermodynamics. The results indicated that there is strong hydrogen bonding between O19 of DM and H9 of AM, suggesting that it is the preferable site for the binding of the target molecule. The existence of interaction sites was found to play an important role in the recognition process. The results from selective adsorption experiments showed that the DM MIPs exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for DM (Q = 75.72 mg g⁻¹) as compared to the five structural analogs. Furthermore, the recovery rates of spiked DM from various teas using the DM MIPs as solid-phase extraction filler also possessed a high value (all greater than 83.68%), which enables them to be used as separate and recognition functional materials.