1
|
Sarkar S, Kumari A, Tiwari M, Tiwari V. Interaction and simulation studies suggest the possible molecular targets of intrinsically disordered amyloidogenic antimicrobial peptides in Acinetobacter baumannii. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2747-2764. [PMID: 37144752 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2208219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the causing agents of nosocomial infections. A wide range of antibiotics fails to work against these pathogens. Hence, there is an urgent requirement to develop other therapeutics to solve this problem. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse group of naturally occurring peptides that have the ability to kill diverse groups of microorganisms. The major challenge of using AMPs as therapeutics is their unstable nature and the fact that most of their molecular targets are still unknown. In this study, we have selected intrinsically disordered and amyloidogenic AMPs, showing activity against A. baumannii, that is, Bactenecin, Cath BF, Citropin 1.1, DP7, NA-CATH, Tachyplesin, and WAM-1. To identify the probable target of these AMPs in A. baumannii, calculation of docking score, binding energy, dissociation constant, and molecular dynamics analysis was performed with selected seventeen possible molecular targets. The result showed that the most probable molecular targets of most of the intrinsically disordered amyloidogenic AMPs were UDP-N-acetylenol-pyruvoyl-glucosamine reductase (MurB), followed by 33-36 kDa outer membrane protein (Omp 33-36), UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamate-2,6-diaminopimelate ligase (MurE), and porin Subfamily Protein (PorinSubF). Further, molecular dynamics analysis concluded that the target of antimicrobial peptide Bactenecin is MurB of A. baumannii, and identified other molecular targets of selected AMPs. Additionally, the oligomerization capacity of the selected AMPs was also investigated, and it was shown that the selected AMPs form oligomeric states, and interact with their molecular targets in that state. Experimental validation using purified AMPs and molecular targets needs to be done to confirm the interaction.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Aruna Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Monalisa Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang YP, Jiang TT, Sun J, Han Y, Yan WF, Wang YC, Lu J, Jin J, Liu YF, Li Q. Synthesis, structure, theoretical calculation and antibacterial property of two novel Zn(II)/Ni(II) compounds based on 3, 5-dichlorosalicylaldehyde thiocarbamide ligand. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107140. [PMID: 38245950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Two new compounds namely [Zn(L1)phen]31 and Ni(L1)phen(MeOH) 2 (L1 = 3, 5-dichlorosalicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone) were synthesized by the slow evaporation method at room temperature. The structure of ligand L1 was determined using 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis revealed that compounds 1-2 can form 3D supramolecular network structures through π···π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. The DFT calculation shows that the coordination of ligand and metal is in good agreement with the experimental results. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed that H…H and Cl…H interactions were the predominant interactions in compounds 1-2. Energy framework analysis indicated that dispersion energy played a dominant role in the energy composition of compounds 1-2. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1-2 against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were tested using the paper disk diffusion method (1: E. coli: 18 mm, MRSA: 17 mm, 2: E. coli: 15 mm, MRSA: 16 mm). Ion releasing experiments were conducted to assess the ion release capacity of compounds 1-2 (Zn2+, 4 days, 38.33 µg/mL; Ni2+, 4 days, 29.12 µg/mL). Molecular docking demonstrated the interaction modes of compounds 1-2 with UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase (MurB) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in bacteria, involving hydrophobic, stacking, hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding interactions. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria under the presence of compounds 1-2 were evaluated using a fluorescent dye known as dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Potential antibacterial mechanisms of compounds 1-2 were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Ting-Ting Jiang
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Wen-Fu Yan
- College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130023, China
| | - Yu-Chang Wang
- Yantai Valiant Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong 264006, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Juan Jin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China; College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130023, China.
| | - Yong-Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Duguma T, Dinka H. In Silico Identification and Characterization of Drug Targets in Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 700669 (Serotype 23F) by Subtractive Genomics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:5917667. [PMID: 38283072 PMCID: PMC10821801 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5917667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is an important pathogen worldwide that causes pneumococcal infections which are related to high rates of morbidity and mortality especially in young children, older adults, and immune-compromised persons. Antibiotic resistance in S. pneumoniae is a serious problem across the world from time to time, resulting in treatment failure and diminished value of older medicines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify new putative drug targets against S. pneumoniae serotype 23F by using subtractive genomics. By using bioinformatics tools such as NCBI, UniProt KB, PDB, KEGG, DEG, PSORTb, CD hit, DrugBank database, and other softwares, proteins involved in unique metabolic pathways of S. pneumoniae serotype 23F were studied. The result indicates that this serotype consists of 97 metabolic pathways of which 74 are common with that of human, and 23 pathways are unique to the serotype 23F. After investigation and analysis of essentiality, nonhomology, subcellular localization, having drug targets, and enzymatic activity, four proteins were prioritized as druggable targets. These druggable proteins include UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase, UDP-N-acetyl muramate dehydrogenase, D-alanine-D-alanine ligase, and alanine racemase that are found in S. pneumoniae serotype 23F. All these four proteins are essential, are nonhomologous with human proteins, have drug targets, and are located in cell cytoplasm. Therefore, the authors recommend these proteins to be used for efficient drug design against S. pneumoniae serotype 23F after experimental validation for essentiality and druggability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tolossa Duguma
- Department of Biotechnology, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Hunduma Dinka
- Department of Applied Biology, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lokhande KB, Pawar SV, Madkaiker S, Shrivastava A, Venkateswara SK, Nawani N, Wani M, Ghosh P, Singh A. Screening of potential phytomolecules against MurG as drug target in nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa: perceptions from computational campaign. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:495-508. [PMID: 36974974 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2194005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The nosocomial infection outbreak caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains a public health concern. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of P. aeruginosa are rapidly spreading leading to a huge mortality rate because of the unavailability of promising antimicrobials. MurG glycotransferase [UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-N-acetylmuramyl (pentapeptide) pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol N-acetylglucosamine transferase] is located at the plasma membrane and plays a key role in murein (peptidoglycan) biosynthesis in bacteria. Since MurG is required for bacterial cell wall synthesis and is non-homologous to Homo sapiens; it can be a potential target for the antagonist to treat P. aeruginosa infection. The discovery of high-resolution crystal structure of P. aeruginosa MurG offers an opportunity for the computational identification of its prospective inhibitors. Therefore, in the present study, the crystal structure of MurG (PDB ID: 3S2U) from P. aeruginosa was selected, and computational docking analyses were performed to search for functional inhibitors of MurG. IMPPAT (Indian medicinal plants, phytochemicals and therapeutic) phytomolecule database was screened by computational methods with MurG catalytic site. Docking results identified Theobromine (-8.881 kcal/mol), demethoxycurcumin (-8.850 kcal/mol), 2-alpha-hydroxycostic acid (-8.791 kcal/mol), aurantiamide (-8.779 kcal/mol) and petasiphenol (-8.685 kcal/mol) as a potential inhibitor of the MurG activity. Further, theobromine and demethoxycurcumin were subjected to MDS (molecular dynamics simulation) and free energy (MM/GBSA) analysis to comprehend the physiological state and structural stability of MurG-phytomolecules complexes. The outcomes suggested that these two phytomolecules could act as most favorable natural hit compounds for impeding the enzymatic action of MurG in P. aeruginosa, and thus it needs further validation by both in vitro and in vivo analysis. HIGHLIGHTSThe top phytomolecules such as theobromine, demethoxycurcumin, 2-alpha-hydroxycostic acid, aurantiamide and petasiphenol displayed promising binding with MurG catalytic domain.MurG complexed with theobromine and demethoxycurcumin showed the best interaction and stable by MD simulation at 100 ns.The outcome of MurG binding phytomolecules has expanded the possibility of hit phytomolecules validation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bharat Lokhande
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
- Translational Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics Research Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarika Vishnu Pawar
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Smriti Madkaiker
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Ashish Shrivastava
- Translational Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics Research Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swamy K Venkateswara
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neelu Nawani
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Minal Wani
- Plant and Environmental Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Payel Ghosh
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Translational Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics Research Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baothman OAS. Identifying therapeutic antibacterial peptides against Vibrio cholerae to inhibit the function of Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37850460 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2270696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the bacteria responsible for cholera, which is a significant threat to many nations. Curing and treating this infection requires identification of the critical protein and development of a drug to inhibit its function. In this context, Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase was considered a potential therapeutic target. A library of antibacterial peptides with residue lengths of 50 was screened using a docking method, and the five most potent peptides were selected on the basis of a weighted score derived from solvent accessible surface area and docking score. To investigate the stability of the protein-peptide complex, a 100-ns molecular dynamics simulation was performed. These peptides targeted the native dimeric binding interface of Na(+)-transporting NADH-quinone reductase. This study evaluated the binding affinity and conformational stability of these peptides with the protein using different post-simulation metrics. A peptide, CCL28, exhibited steady RMSD characteristics; nonetheless, it modified the docked conformation but stabilized in the new conformation. This peptide also demonstrated the best performance in addressing the protein's native binding interface. It demonstrated a binding free energy of -120 kcal/mol with the protein. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first PC had the lowest conformational variation and the greatest coverage. Eventually, these peptides were also evaluated using steered molecular dynamics, and it was discovered that CCL28 had a greater maximum force than the other five peptides, at 1139.08 kJ/mol/nm. Targeting the native binding interface, we present a CCL28 peptide with a strong potential to block the biological activity of Vibrio cholerae's Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Othman A S Baothman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Gao LX, Chen W, Zhong JJ, Qian C, Zhou WW. Rational Design of Daunorubicin C-14 Hydroxylase Based on the Understanding of Its Substrate-Binding Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098337. [PMID: 37176043 PMCID: PMC10179135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is one of the most widely used antitumor drugs and is currently produced via the chemical conversion method, which suffers from high production costs, complex product separation processes, and serious environmental pollution. Biocatalysis is considered a more efficient and environment-friendly method for drug production. The cytochrome daunorubicin C-14 hydroxylase (DoxA) is the essential enzyme catalyzing the conversion of daunorubicin to doxorubicin. Herein, the DoxA from Streptomyces peucetius subsp. caesius ATCC 27952 was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the rational design strategy was further applied to improve the enzyme activity. Eight amino acid residues were identified as the key sites via molecular docking. Using a constructed screening library, we obtained the mutant DoxA(P88Y) with a more rational protein conformation, and a 56% increase in bioconversion efficiency was achieved by the mutant compared to the wild-type DoxA. Molecular dynamics simulation was applied to understand the relationship between the enzyme's structural property and its substrate-binding efficiency. It was demonstrated that the mutant DoxA(P88Y) formed a new hydrophobic interaction with the substrate daunorubicin, which might have enhanced the binding stability and thus improved the catalytic activity. Our work lays a foundation for further exploration of DoxA and facilitates the industrial process of bio-production of doxorubicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ling-Xiao Gao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Jiang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao Qian
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khan RJ, Singh E, Jha RK, Kumar A, Bhati SK, Zia MP, Jain M, Singh RP, Muthukumaran J, Singh AK. Identification and prioritization of potential therapeutic molecules against LpxA from Acinetobacter baumannii - A computational study. Curr Res Struct Biol 2023; 5:100096. [PMID: 36895415 PMCID: PMC9988473 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2023.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A. baumannii is a ubiquitously found gram-negative, multi-drug resistant bacterial species from the ESKAPE family of pathogens known to be the causative agent for hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, septicaemia and urinary tract infections. A. baumannii is implicated as a contributor to bloodstream infections in approximately 2% of all worldwide infections. Hence, exploring novel therapeutic agents against the bacterium is essential. LpxA or UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acetyltransferase is an essential enzyme important in Lipid A biosynthesis which catalyses the reversible transfer of an acetyl group on the glucosamine 3-OH of the UDP-GlcNAc which is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of the protective Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) layer of the bacteria which upon disruption can lead to the elimination of the bacterium which delineates LpxA as an appreciable drug target from A. baumannii. The present study performs high throughput virtual screening of LpxA against the enamine-HTSC-large-molecule library and performs toxicity and ADME screening to identify the three promising lead molecules subjected to molecular dynamics simulations. Global and essential dynamics analysis of LpxA and its complexes along with FEL and MM/PBSA based binding free energy delineate Z367461724 and Z219244584 as potential inhibitors against LpxA from A. baumannii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Jabeer Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Ekampreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Rajat Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Bhati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Mahrukh Parveez Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Monika Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Rashmi Prabha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, IILM College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Jayaraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Minjárez-Sáenz M, Martínez-Júlvez M, Yruela I, Medina M. Mining the Flavoproteome of Brucella ovis, the Brucellosis Causing Agent in Ovis aries. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0229421. [PMID: 35315701 PMCID: PMC9045290 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02294-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavoproteins are a diverse class of proteins that are mostly enzymes and contain as cofactors flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and/or flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which enable them to participate in a wide range of physiological reactions. We have compiled 78 potential proteins building the flavoproteome of Brucella ovis (B. ovis), the causative agent of ovine brucellosis. The curated list of flavoproteins here reported is based on (i) the analysis of sequence, structure and function of homologous proteins, and their classification according to their structural domains, clans, and expected enzymatic functions; (ii) the constructed phylogenetic trees of enzyme functional classes using 19 Brucella strains and 26 pathogenic and/or biotechnological relevant alphaproteobacteria together with B. ovis; and (iii) the evaluation of the genetic context for each entry. Candidates account for ∼2.7% of the B. ovis proteome, and 75% of them use FAD as cofactor. Only 55% of these flavoproteins belong to the core proteome of Brucella and contribute to B. ovis processes involved in maintenance activities, survival and response to stress, virulence, and/or infectivity. Several of the predicted flavoproteins are highly divergent in Brucella genus from revised proteins and for them it is difficult to envisage a clear function. This might indicate modified catalytic activities or even divergent processes and mechanisms still not identified. We have also detected the lack of some functional flavoenzymes in B. ovis, which might contribute to it being nonzoonotic. Finally, potentiality of B. ovis flavoproteome as the source of antimicrobial targets or biocatalyst is discussed. IMPORTANCE Some microorganisms depend heavily on flavin-dependent activities, but others maintain them at a minimum. Knowledge about flavoprotein content and functions in different microorganisms will help to identify their metabolic requirements, as well as to benefit either industry or health. Currently, most flavoproteins from the sheep pathogen Brucella ovis are only automatically annotated in databases, and only two have been experimentally studied. Indeed, certain homologues with unknown function are not characterized, and they might relate to still not identified mechanisms or processes. Our research has identified 78 members that comprise its flavoproteome, 76 of them flavoenzymes, which mainly relate to bacteria survival, virulence, and/or infectivity. The list of flavoproteins here presented allows us to better understand the peculiarities of Brucella ovis and can be applied as a tool to search for candidates as new biocatalyst or antimicrobial targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Minjárez-Sáenz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Júlvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Group of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology “GBsC” (BIFI, Unizar) Joint Unit to CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Yruela
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- Group of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology “GBsC” (BIFI, Unizar) Joint Unit to CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Milagros Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Group of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology “GBsC” (BIFI, Unizar) Joint Unit to CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chowdhury UF, Saba AA, Sufi AS, Khan AM, Sharmin I, Sultana A, Islam MO. Subtractive proteomics approach to Unravel the druggable proteins of the emerging pathogen Waddlia chondrophila and drug repositioning on its MurB protein. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07320. [PMID: 34195427 PMCID: PMC8239728 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Waddlia chondrophila is an emerging pathogen that has been implicated in numerous unpropitious pregnancy events in humans and ruminants. Taking into account its association with abortigenic events, possible modes of transmission, and future risk, immediate clinical measures are required to prevent widespread damage caused by this organism and hence this study. Here, a subtractive proteomics approach was employed to identify druggable proteins of W. chondrophila. Considering the essential genes, antibiotic resistance proteins, and virulence factors, 676 unique important proteins were initially identified for this bacterium. Afterward, NCBI BLASTp performed against human proteome identified 223 proteins that were further pushed into KEGG Automatic Annotation Server (KAAS) for automatic annotation. Using the information from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database 14 Waddlia specific metabolic pathways were identified with respect to humans. Analyzing the data from KAAS and KEGG databases, forty-eight metabolic pathway-dependent, and seventy metabolic pathway independent proteins were identified. Standalone BLAST search against DrugBank FDA approved drug targets revealed eight proteins that are finally considered druggable proteins. Prediction of three-dimensional structures was done for the eight proteins through homology modeling and the Ramachandran plot model showed six models as a valid prediction. Finally, virtual screening against MurB protein was performed using FDA approved drugs to employ the drug repositioning strategy. Three drugs showed promising docking results that can be used for therapeutic purposes against W. chondrophila following the clinical validation of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Al Saba
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Sufian Sufi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Akib Mahmud Khan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ishrat Sharmin
- Sarkari Karmachari Hospital, Fulbaria, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aziza Sultana
- Sarkari Karmachari Hospital, Fulbaria, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ohedul Islam
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan RJ, Jha RK, Singh E, Jain M, Amera GM, Singh RP, Muthukumaran J, Singh AK. Identification of promising antiviral drug candidates against non-structural protein 15 (NSP15) from SARS-CoV-2: an in silico assisted drug-repurposing study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:438-448. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1814870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Jabeer Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Rajat Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Ekampreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Monika Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Gizachew Muluneh Amera
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Rashmi Prabha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, IILM College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Jayaraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| |
Collapse
|