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Thiangtrongjit T, Adisakwattana P, Limpanont Y, Nguitragool W, Chusongsang P, Chusongsang Y, Kiangkoo N, Reamtong O. Exploring urinary proteomics and peptidomics biomarkers for the diagnosis of mekong schistosomiasis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35439. [PMID: 39170131 PMCID: PMC11336616 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mekongi is one of the causative agents of human blood fluke infection in the lower Mekong River. Traditionally, the detection of egg morphology in stool samples has served as the prevailing method for diagnosing Schistosoma infection. Nonetheless, this approach exhibits low sensitivity, particularly in early infection detection. Urine has been extensively studied as a noninvasive clinical sample for diagnosing infectious diseases. Despite this, urine proteomic analysis of S. mekongi infection has been less investigated. This study aimed to characterize proteins and peptides present in mouse urine infected with S. mekongi both before infection and at intervals of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-infection using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Proteomics analysis revealed 13 up- and only one down-regulated mouse protein consistently found across all time points. Additionally, two S. mekongi uncharacterized proteins were detected throughout the infection period. Using a peptidomics approach, we consistently identified two peptide sequences corresponding to S. mekongi collagen alpha-1(V) in mouse urine across all time points. These findings highlight the potential of these unique proteins, particularly the S. mekongi uncharacterized proteins and collagen alpha-1(V), as potential biomarkers for early detection of S. mekongi infection. Such insights could significantly advance diagnostic strategies for human Mekong schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tipparat Thiangtrongjit
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yanin Limpanont
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wang Nguitragool
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phiraphol Chusongsang
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yupa Chusongsang
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttapohn Kiangkoo
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Liu M, Cho WC, Flynn RJ, Jin X, Song H, Zheng Y. microRNAs in parasite-induced liver fibrosis: from mechanisms to diagnostics and therapeutics. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:859-872. [PMID: 37516634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic parasite infections in the liver pose a global threat to human and animal health, often occurring with liver fibrosis that leads to cirrhosis, liver failure, and even cancer. Hepatic fibrogenesis is a complex yet reversible process of tissue repair and is associated with various factors, including immune cells, microenvironment, gut microbiome, and interactions of the different liver cells. As a profibrogenic or antifibrogenic driver, microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely involved in parasite-induced hepatic fibrosis. This article updates the current understanding of the roles of miRNAs in hepatic fibrogenesis by parasite infections and discusses the strategies using miRNAs as candidates for diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Robin J Flynn
- Dept. Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK; Graduate Studies Office, Department of Research, Innovation and Graduate Studies, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK, Ireland
| | - Xiaoliang Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Yadong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Differential Analysis of Key Proteins Related to Fibrosis and Inflammation in Soluble Egg Antigen of Schistosoma mansoni at Different Infection Times. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030441. [PMID: 36986363 PMCID: PMC10054402 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major global health problem. Schistosomes secrete antigens into the host tissue that bind to chemokines or inhibit immune cell receptors, regulating the immune responses to allow schistosome development. However, the detailed mechanism of chronic schistosome infection-induced liver fibrosis, including the relationship between secreted soluble egg antigen (SEA) and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, is still unknown. We used mass spectrometry to identify the SEA protein sequences from different infection weeks. In the 10th and 12th infection weeks, we focused on the SEA components and screened out the special protein components, particularly fibrosis- and inflammation-related protein sequences. Our results have identified heat shock proteins, phosphorylation-associated enzymes, or kinases, such as Sm16, GSTA3, GPCRs, EF1-α, MMP7, and other proteins linked to schistosome-induced liver fibrosis. After sorting, we found many special proteins related to fibrosis and inflammation, but studies proving their association with schistosomiasis infection are limited. Follow-up studies on MICOS, MATE1, 14-3-3 epsilon, and CDCP1 are needed. We treated the LX-2 cells with the SEA from the 8th, 10th, and 12th infection weeks to test HSC activation. In a trans-well cell model in which PBMCs and HSCs were co-cultured, the SEA could significantly induce TGF-β secretion, especially from the 12th week of infection. Our data also showed that TGF-β secreted by PBMC after the SEA treatment activates LX-2 and upregulates hepatic fibrotic markers α-SMA and collagen 1. Based on these results, the CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) screened at the 12th infection week could be investigated further. This study clarifies the trend of immune mechanism variation in the different stages of schistosome infection. However, how egg-induced immune response transformation causes liver tissue fibrosis needs to be studied further.
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STAT1-Dependent Recruitment of Ly6C hiCCR2 + Inflammatory Monocytes and M2 Macrophages in a Helminth Infection. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101287. [PMID: 34684235 PMCID: PMC8540143 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 1 signaling is critical for IFN-γ-mediated immune responses and resistance to protozoan and viral infections. However, its role in immunoregulation during helminth parasitic infections is not fully understood. Here, we used STAT1-/- mice to investigate the role of this transcription factor during a helminth infection caused by the cestode Taenia crassiceps and show that STAT1 is a central molecule favoring susceptibility to this infection. STAT1-/- mice displayed lower parasite burdens at 8 weeks post-infection compared to STAT1+/+ mice. STAT1 mediated the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and the development of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) at the site of infection. The absence of STAT1 prevented the recruitment of CD11b+Ly6ChiLy6G- monocytic cells and therefore their suppressive activity. This failure was associated with the defective expression of CCR2 on CD11b+Ly6ChiLy6G- cells. Importantly, CD11b+Ly6ChiLy6G- cells highly expressed PDL-1 and suppressed T-cell proliferation elicited by anti-CD3 stimulation. PDL-1+ cells were mostly absent in STAT1-/- mice. Furthermore, only STAT1+/+ mice developed M2 macrophages at 8 weeks post-infection, although macrophages from both T. crassiceps-infected STAT1+/+ and STAT1-/- mice responded to IL-4 in vitro, and both groups of mice were able to produce the Th2 cytokine IL-13. This suggests that CD11b+CCR2+Ly6ChiLy6G- cells give rise to M2 macrophages in this infection. In summary, a lack of STAT1 resulted in impaired recruitment of CD11b+CCR2+Ly6ChiLy6G- cells, failure to develop M2 macrophages, and increased resistance against T. crassiceps infection.
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Zou XG, Shim YY, Cho JY, Jeong D, Yang J, Deng ZY, Reaney MJT. Flaxseed orbitides, linusorbs, inhibit LPS-induced THP-1 macrophage inflammation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22622-22630. [PMID: 35514549 PMCID: PMC9054600 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09058d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Linusorbs (flaxseed orbitides) are a family of naturally-occurring cyclic peptides. Previously, we reported that their anticancer effects were associated with their structures. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of 2 different linusorbs ([1-9-NαC]-linusorb B2 and [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B3) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 macrophage activation as well as the underlying mechanism of this inflammatory response. Both molecules suppressed pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NO and COX-2) and were involved in downregulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. The suppressive effects on pro-inflammatory mediators were comparable and the concentration range of action was similar (1-4 μM). However, the concentration of compound that induced downregulation of the NF-κB pathway was different for each compound. While [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B3 could inhibit the activation of the NF-κB pathway at concentrations of 1 and 2 μM, [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B2 induced a comparable inhibitory effect at a concentration of 4 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5A8 Canada +1 306 966-5015
| | - Youn Young Shim
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5A8 Canada +1 306 966-5015
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc. Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7J 0R1 Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419 Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419 Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419 Korea
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5A8 Canada +1 306 966-5015
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc. Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7J 0R1 Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
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