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Pilch A, Jekiełek M, Stach B, Zyznawska J, Klimek M. Impact of obstetric physiotherapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain management and gastrointestinal function following cesarean birth: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Midwifery 2024; 8:EJM-8-50. [PMID: 39239326 PMCID: PMC11375754 DOI: 10.18332/ejm/191740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to compare the impact of the physiotherapeutic method combined with TENS and physiotherapy alone on post-cesarean pain levels and the time required for intestinal peristalsis recovery. The study was conducted at the Specialist Hospital in Kraków, from January to March 2020. METHODS The study was designed as a parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: TENS (n=52), nTENS (n=50) and control group (n=34), based on block randomization of 6. The allocation sequence was provided using a computer-generated random list. The participants were 136 postpartum primiparous women after cesarean birth, aged ≥18 years, having a healthy newborn, with no contradictions to TENS. The TENS group received a physiotherapeutic procedure involving a 20-minute exercise program plus a 40-minute session of TENS. The nTENS group received physiotherapeutic procedure alone, and the control group was under the routine care of midwives. The pain was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at 6, 7, 12 and 24 hours after cesarean birth and twice during verticalization. RESULTS TENS and nTENS groups had decreased pain intensity immediately after the intervention compared to the control group (p=0.002, p=0.027, respectively). During the first stage of the verticalization, the smallest increase in pain was observed in the TENS (p=0.044 compared to nTENS, p=0.000 compared to the control group). Within the increase in the pain score, the intestinal peristalsis recovery time was longer. In both groups undergoing physical therapy, a shortened recovery time of intestinal peristalsis was demonstrated (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS The proposed physiotherapy program, combined with TENS and instruction, proved effective in relieving post-cesarean pain and accelerating the time to first defecation and should be considered part of the standard patient management program in maternity units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pilch
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jekiełek
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Stach
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Zyznawska
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Klimek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Joshi S, Parmar S, Kalavant A, Shah L, Parmar D. Effectiveness of structured physiotherapy in constipation in children with neurodevelopmental disorders-a randomized trial. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:2-10. [PMID: 35848580 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Constipation is one of the major issues faced by children with neuro-developmental disorder (NDD). The aims of the study were to: 1) examine the effectiveness of a structured physiotherapy program on constipation in children with NDD; and 2) compare if conventional physiotherapy along with structured physiotherapy intervention has any combined effect on constipation in children with NDD. METHOD Thirty-five children with neurodevelopmental disorder were assessed and randomly allotted into two groups. Twenty-two completed the intervention for 2 weeks and were statistically analyzed at baseline and post 4 weeks at a single tertiary center. The outcome measures used were Pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL), Peds QL Gastrointestinal symptoms scale, Bristol stool form scale, and defecation frequency. Group A received the conventional treatment, whereas group B received structured physiotherapy along with the conventional treatment. RESULTS Group A had no significant outcomes, whereas in group B there were statistically significant differences for all outcome measures. Comparatively, a statistically significant change was noted for PedsQL GI symptoms scale (p = .045) and its constipation sub-scale (p = .002) in group B along with change in the Bristol stool form. CONCLUSION Combined effect of structured along with conventional physiotherapy was better in terms of form of stool, constipation, and its associated quality of life factors as compared to conventional physiotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Joshi
- SDM College of Physiotherapy, SDM University, Dharwad, India
| | - Sanjay Parmar
- SDM College of Physiotherapy, SDM University, Dharwad, India
| | - Akshay Kalavant
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - Lakshita Shah
- SDM College of Physiotherapy, SDM University, Dharwad, India
| | - Disha Parmar
- SDM College of Physiotherapy, SDM University, Dharwad, India
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Doğan İG, Gürşen C, Akbayrak T, Balaban YH, Vahabov C, Üzelpasacı E, Özgül S. Abdominal Massage in Functional Chronic Constipation: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6585154. [PMID: 35554601 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of abdominal massage on the severity of constipation, bowel function, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with functional chronic constipation in a randomized placebo-controlled design. METHODS Seventy-four patients diagnosed with functional constipation according to the Rome IV diagnostic criteria were included. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (abdominal massage plus lifestyle advice) or the control group (placebo therapeutic ultrasound plus lifestyle advice). Abdominal massage or placebo ultrasound was applied for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the Constipation Severity Instrument score. Bowel diary data and the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life Questionnaire score were used as secondary outcome measures. Differences in outcome measures within and between groups were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Although constipation severity, bowel function indicators (defecation frequency and duration and stool consistency), and QoL were found to improve significantly over time in both groups, improvements in both primary and secondary outcomes were much more significant in the abdominal massage group. In addition, group × time interaction effects were found to be significant for constipation severity, bowel function findings, and QoL. There were approximately 70% and 28% reductions in constipation severity, 56% and 38% improvement rates in QoL, and 70% and 43% increases in defecation frequency in the intervention and placebo groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Abdominal massage should be one of the first-line conservative approaches in the management of functional chronic constipation. Further randomized placebo-controlled studies with long-term follow-up are needed. IMPACT For functional constipation, which is a common gastrointestinal problem, abdominal massage should be considered as an option in first-line therapy because of its effect beyond the placebo effect. LAY SUMMARY If you have functional constipation, your physical therapist may be able to provide abdominal massage to help reduce your symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Gül Doğan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceren Gürşen
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Türkan Akbayrak
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Hatice Balaban
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cavanşir Vahabov
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Üzelpasacı
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Özgül
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey
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Dogan H, Demir Çaltekin M, Günal A. Short-Term Effects of Connective Tissue Massage After Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2022; 45:9-19. [PMID: 35753879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of connective tissue massage (CTM) on postoperative pain severity, first passage of flatus and the first defecation, and functionality in patients after total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) or total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). METHODS A total of 60 patients who underwent TLH or TAH were included in the study. Patients who underwent TLH were randomly grouped as TLH-CTM (n = 15) and TLH control (n = 16), and those who underwent TAH were randomly grouped as TAH-CTM (n = 14) and TAH control (n = 15). CTM was applied twice postoperatively at the third hour and after 24 hours. The pain severity scores and functional activity limitation levels of the patients were evaluated with the visual analog scale. The number of analgesics use and first passage of flatus and the first defecation were recorded. RESULTS The first passage of flatus and the first defecation after surgery were shorter in the TLH-CTM and TAH-CTM groups compared with the TLH and TAH control groups (P < 0.001). The first passage of flatus and the first defecation, pain intensity, and analgesics use of the TLH-CTM group were the lowest among all groups (P < 0.05). The improvement in functionality level in the TLH-CTM group was higher than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that CTM reduced postoperative pain severity, use of analgesics, first passage of flatus, and first defecation after TAH or TLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Dogan
- Yozgat Bozok University, Sarıkaya School of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Melike Demir Çaltekin
- Yozgat Bozok University, Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ayla Günal
- Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Tokat, Turkey
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Karaaslan Y, Toprak Celenay S, Kucukdurmaz F. Comparison of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training With Connective Tissue Massage to Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Alone in Women With Overactive Bladder: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2021; 44:295-306. [PMID: 34090550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 6-week program of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus connective tissue massage (CTM) to PFMT alone in women with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms on those symptoms, pelvic floor muscle strength, and quality of life. METHODS Thirty-four participants were randomly divided into PFMT+CTM (n = 17) and PFMT (n = 17) groups. PFMT was applied every day and CTM was applied 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Before treatment, at week 3, and after treatment (week 6), we assessed pelvic floor muscle strength (with a perineometer), bladder symptoms (with a urine diary), OAB symptom severity (with the 8-item Overactive Bladder Questionnaire [OAB-V8]), urgency (with the Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale [PPIUS]), and quality of life (with King's Health Questionnaire [KHQ]). The Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, Friedman test, and Dunn multiple comparison test were used for analysis. RESULTS In both groups, pelvic floor muscle strength increased, whereas OAB symptoms and PPIUS and KHQ scores decreased after treatment (P < .05). Although the OAB-V8, PPIUS, and KHQ scores decreased at week 3, frequency, OAB-V8, and PPIUS scores, in addition to some parameters of the KHQ, decreased after treatment in the PFMT+CTM group compared to the PFMT group (P < .05). CONCLUSION Compared to PFMT alone, PFMT+CTM achieved superior outcomes in reducing OAB symptoms in the early and late periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Karaaslan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyda Toprak Celenay
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Health Science Faculty, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Faruk Kucukdurmaz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Sanko University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Pasin Neto H, Bicalho E, Bortolazzo G. Interoception and Emotion: A Potential Mechanism for Intervention With Manual Treatment. Cureus 2021; 13:e15923. [PMID: 34336427 PMCID: PMC8312802 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception is considered a perception pathway as important as the exteroceptive pathways for determining responses to maintain homeostasis. There is evidence about the influence of the interoception on emotional responses as these expressions are considered to be a combination of physical, environmental and individual beliefs. A large percentage of afferent fibers in the body are related to free nerve endings which, when stimulated, reach the insular cortex that participates in the process of emotions. The viscera afferent fibers represent 5% to 15% of all these inputs. Evidence emerges that demonstrates the importance of visceral health as part of the treatment of patients with emotional imbalances. It can be postulated that manual treatment applied to visceral fasciae can assist in interoceptive balance and have a positive impact on emotions. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to discuss the concepts of interoception, central sensitization, emotional health and visceral manual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Pasin Neto
- Osteopathy, Brazilian College of Osteopathy, Sorocaba, BRA.,Physiotherapy, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, BRA
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King AA, Cox J, Bhatia S, Snider KT. Characteristics and treatment of geriatric patients in an osteopathic neuromusculoskeletal medicine clinic. J Osteopath Med 2021; 121:503-511. [PMID: 33694351 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2020-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) is an adjunctive treatment approach available to geriatric patients, but few studies provide details about presenting conditions, treatments, and response to osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in that patient population. OBJECTIVES To provide descriptive data on the presentation and management of geriatric patients receiving OMT at an outpatient osteopathic neuromusculoskeletal medicine (ONMM) clinic. METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from electronic health records (EHR) at a single outpatient clinic for clinical encounters with patients over 60 years of age who were treated with OMT between July 1, 2016, and June 30, 2019. Records were reviewed for demographic information, insurance type, presenting concerns, assessments, regions treated, OMT techniques used, and treatment response. RESULTS There were 9,155 total clinical encounters with 1,238 unique patients found during the study period. More women than men were represented for overall encounters (6,910 [75.4%] vs. 2,254 [24.6%]) and unique patients (850 [68.7%] vs. 388 [31.3%]; both p<0.001). The mean (standard deviation, SD) number of encounters per patient per year was 4.5 (4.0) and increased with increasing age by decade (p<0.001). Medicare was the most common primary insurance (7,246 [79.2%]), with private insurance the most common secondary insurance (8,440 [92.2%]). The total number of presenting concerns was 12,020, and back concerns were most common (6,406 [53.3%]). The total number of assessments was 18,290; most were neuromusculoskeletal (17,271 [94.5%]) and in the thoracolumbar region (7,109 [38.9%]). The mean (SD) number of somatic dysfunction assessments per encounter was 5 (1.7); the thoracic region was the most documented and treated (7,263 [15.8%]). With up to 19 technique types per encounter, the total number of OMT techniques documented across all encounters was 43,862, and muscle energy (7,203 [16.4%]) was the most documented. The use of high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) declined as age increased (p<0.001). The overall treatment response was documented in 7,316 (79.9%) encounters, and most indicated improvement (7,290 [99.6%]). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that geriatric patients receiving OMT at our clinic were predominately presenting for neuromusculoskeletal concerns associated with back, neck, and extremity conditions, consistent with national epidemiological data for this population. The most common OMT techniques were also consistent with those used nationally by osteopathic medical students and practicing physicians. Future longitudinal studies are needed to determine the length of time improvement persists and the overall health impact experienced by geriatric patients receiving OMT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayme Cox
- Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Shalini Bhatia
- Department of Research Support, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Karen T Snider
- Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine, and Community Health, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
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Orhan C, Özgül S, Baran E, Üzelpasacı E, Akbayrak T. Comparison of Connective Tissue Manipulation and Abdominal Massage Combined With Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Chronic Constipation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2020; 43:768-778. [PMID: 32893023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the effects of connective tissue manipulation (CTM) and abdominal massage when combined with usual care on the symptoms of constipation and quality of life (QoL) immediately following a 4-week treatment in patients suffering from chronic constipation. METHODS A total of 60 patients with chronic constipation were randomly assigned to CTM, abdominal massage, or control groups. Connective tissue manipulation and abdominal massage were conducted at 5 sessions a week for 4 weeks. Each session was approximately 15 to 20 minutes. The severity of constipation by the Constipation Severity Instrument, symptoms of constipation by a bowel diary and Bristol Stool Scale, and QoL by patient assessment of QoL questionnaire were evaluated at baseline and at the end of 4 weeks. RESULTS There were significant differences in the changes in constipation severity (P < .001), symptoms of constipation (P ≤ .001), and QoL (P < .001) among the 3 groups. However, based on pair-wise analysis, there were no significant differences in the changes of the severity and symptoms of constipation and QoL between the CTM and abdominal massage groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study revealed that compared to usual care alone, the combination of usual care and CTM or abdominal massage may be more beneficial for chronic constipation. However, the superiority of CTM or abdominal massage was not observed. Further high-quality studies with long-term follow-up are needed to investigate the optimal massage therapy program in patients with chronic constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Orhan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Serap Özgül
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Baran
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Üzelpasacı
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Türkan Akbayrak
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Erdrich LM, Reid D, Mason J. Does a manual therapy approach improve the symptoms of functional constipation? A systematic review of the literature. INT J OSTEOPATH MED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijosm.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Inkaya B, Tuzer H. Effect of Reflexology on the Constipation Status of Elderly People. Yonago Acta Med 2020; 63:115-121. [PMID: 32494217 PMCID: PMC7231874 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current literature shows that one of the alternative therapies used to control constipation is reflexology. This study was conducted to assess the effect of reflexology on the constipation status of elderly people. METHODS This study was randomized clinical trial conducted from at the private nursing home in the Ankara Province. At the nursing home, 60 eligible elderly people were randomly assigned into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The experimental group received foot reflexology massage for 1 month three times per week for 30 min. Reflexology was initiated from the patient's right foot. The foot was relaxed primarily by applying effleurage followed by shaking, rotation, and stretching methods. The practice ended by applying solar plexus pressure on both feet. For elderly people in the control group foot surface massage without pressure was applied to simulate the interventions similar to the experimental group. The scale scores before and after reflexology were noted for the experimental group, and those for the control group, which did not receive any reflexology massage, were also determined. RESULTS After the implementation of reflexology, the rate of emptying bowels on alternate days increased in the experimental group as opposed to that in the control group (P < 0.001). In this study, reflexology was found to improve the quality of life of the elderly and decrease the severity of constipation. CONCLUSION Foot reflexology massage was found to be effective in relieving the constipation of elderly people. Therefore, reflexology is recommended as part of nursing care to reduce the constipation status of elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Inkaya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Tuzer
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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Celenay ST, Kaya DO, Ucurum SG. Adding connective tissue manipulation to physiotherapy for chronic low back pain improves pain, mobility, and well-being: a randomized controlled trial. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:308-315. [PMID: 31111018 PMCID: PMC6509448 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836634.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of connective tissue manipulation (CTM) for improving pain, mobility, and well-being in chronic low back pain (CLBP). Sixty-six patients with CLBP were randomized to three groups: CTM, sham massage (SM) and control groups. The groups got standardized physiotherapy and the related applications 5 days/wk, 3 weeks. Pain intensity, mobility, and well-being (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], Oswestry Disability Index [ODI], and Short Form-36 [SF-36]) were assessed before and after the applications. Pain, mobility, and disability improved in all groups (P<0.05). There were differences in resting pain, HADS, and SF-36 scores in CTM, resting pain in SM, and SF-36 scores in controls (P<0.05). Activity pain, HADS scores decreased, mobility and physical component of the SF-36 in-creased in CTM compared to SM (P<0.05). Pain, ODI, and HADS scores decreased, mobility and SF-36 increased in CTM, and ODI scores decreased in SM compared to controls (P<0.05). In conclusion, pain intensity during activity and at night and disability decreased, and spinal mobility increased in all groups. However, CTM showed superiority in improving pain, mobility, and well-being in patients with CLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Toprak Celenay
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Health Sciences Faculty, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Ozer Kaya
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Health Sciences Faculty, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Gunay Ucurum
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Health Sciences Faculty, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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Ozturk MH, Kılıc SP. Effective of education on quality of life and constipation severity in patients with primary constipation. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2019; 102:316-323. [PMID: 30266267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to examine the effect of education on quality of life and constipation severity in patients with primary constipation. METHODS This randomised controlled study was conducted with 80 patients who applied at the gastroenterology outpatient clinic of a university hospital. In the study, the Constipation Questionnaire, Constipation Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (PAC-QOL), and Constipation Severity Instrument (CSI) were used. RESULTS It was that found after 4 weeks of education, the total PAC-QOL mean score decreased to 60.85 ± 5.65 and total CSI mean score decreased to 20.17 ± 4.05 in the intervention group (p < 0.001). No change was observed in the patients in the control group (p > 0.05). After 4 weeks, a statistical difference was found between the two groups in PAC-QOL mean score and CSI mean score (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was determined that the education given to individuals with primary constipation decreased the constipation severity and increased the quality of life. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Constipation education will make a contribution to the active use of follow-up forms by nurses in the clinic for the diagnosis of constipation, individual assessment of each patient, and their active role in constipation management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serap Parlar Kılıc
- Fırat University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Elazığ Merkez, 23119, Elazığ, Turkey.
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Zollars JA, Armstrong M, Whisler S, Williamson S. Visceral and Neural Manipulation in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Chronic Constipation: Five Case Reports. Explore (NY) 2019; 15:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zheng H, Chen Q, Chen M, Wu X, She TW, Li J, Huang DQ, Yue L, Fang JQ. Nonpharmacological conservative treatments for chronic functional constipation: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13441. [PMID: 30125427 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with functional chronic constipation (CFC) often select nonpharmacological treatments. We aimed to examine the comparative effectiveness of nonpharmacological conservative treatments in treating CFC. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CINAHL, AMED, ISI web of knowledge, and conference proceedings from January 2000 to June 2016. Randomized controlled trials comparing nonpharmacological conservative treatments with placebo, sham interventions, or conventional treatments were included. Nonpharmacological conservative treatments were defined as interventions without involvement of medication or surgery. We extracted trial data in duplicate and assessed the risk of bias. We pooled continuous data using standard mean differences (SMDs) and binary data using risk ratios (RRs), and we provided their 95% confidence intervals. KEY RESULTS We included 33 trials (4324 participants and 8 nonpharmacological treatments). Compared with placebo interventions, TENS (SMD 1.60, 95% CI 0.28-2.92), probiotic (SMD 1.40, 95% CI 0.94-1.86), and acupuncture (SMD 1.00, 95% CI 0.39-1.60) had significantly larger effect on stool frequency; acupuncture (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.14-2.14) had significantly higher responder rate; and moxibustion (SMD 2.50, 95% CI 0.05-4.95) had significant larger effect on Bristol score. Compared with laxative, acupuncture had significantly larger effect on stool frequency (RR 2.01, 95% CI 1.16-3.49) and had lower rate of adverse events (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18-0.80). CONCLUSIONS TENS and acupuncture relatively ranked the best in managing CFC, but the results should be interpreted with caution due to small study effects. Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42014006686.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, The Third Teaching Hospital, Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis Regulation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Chen
- The Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinical College, Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Wu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, The Third Teaching Hospital, Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis Regulation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-Wei She
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, The Third Teaching Hospital, Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis Regulation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, The Third Teaching Hospital, Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis Regulation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - De-Quan Huang
- Clinical College, Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Yue
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, The Third Teaching Hospital, Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis Regulation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- The Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Özgül S, Üzelpasaci E, Orhan C, Baran E, Beksaç MS, Akbayrak T. Short-term effects of connective tissue manipulation in women with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 33:1-6. [PMID: 30396605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the short-term effectiveness of connective tissue manipulation (CTM) for relieving menstrual pain and symptoms in primary dysmenorrhea (PD). METHODS Forty-four women with PD were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 21) or control group (n = 23). While the control group was given only advising, the treatment group additionally received CTM. The primary outcome was the menstrual pain intensity by Visual Analogue Scale. Secondary outcomes included the number of pain medications, menstrual pain catastrophizing by Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), menstrual symptoms by Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) and menstrual attitude by Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ). RESULTS Compared with the control group, CTM group showed statistically significant improvement in pain, medication use, PCS, MSQ (p = 0.001) and in the perception of menstruation as a natural event (p = 0.029). However, no significant differences were detected between groups for some aspects of MAQ (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CTM seems to be an effective approach in the short-term in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Özgül
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esra Üzelpasaci
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ceren Orhan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Emine Baran
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - M Sinan Beksaç
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 06100, Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Türkan Akbayrak
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey.
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16
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Iyer MM, Skokos E, Piombo D. Chiropractic Management Using Multimodal Therapies on 2 Pediatric Patients With Constipation. J Chiropr Med 2017; 16:340-345. [PMID: 29276467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this case report is to describe chiropractic management of 7-month-old male twins who had had constipation since birth. Clinical Features Identical male twins presented with the chief complaint of constipation and bloating. Both patients were born premature after 29 weeks of gestation and had invasive abdominal surgeries in the right lower quadrant resulting in healed postsurgical scars. Patient A underwent ileostomy for a perforation in his ileum. Patient B underwent surgery to repair an inguinal hernia. Motion palpation restrictions indicated bilateral sacroiliac, cervical, and thoracic joint restrictions. Intervention and Outcome The treatment plan included chiropractic manipulation, acupressure stimulation, and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization. Manipulation of the sacroiliac, cervical, and thoracic spine joint restrictions was performed using minimal force. Cross-frictional massage and myofascial manipulation and scar tissue mobilization of the abdominal scar in the right lower quadrant were performed. Acupressure stimulation was performed on both patients' feet. Both patients had improved bowel movements after the first treatment. Patient A had 5 weeks of treatment (2 visits per week). Patient B had 4 weeks of treatment (2 visits per week). The patients' clinical progress improved, and once the goal of regular bowel movements was reached, as confirmed by their mother, follow-up visits were reduced to once a week and gradually to once a month. Conclusion Both pediatric patients with constipation responded to chiropractic care using multimodal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Mia Iyer
- Department of Clinical Practice, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Illinois
| | - Evangelia Skokos
- Department of Clinical Practice, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Illinois
| | - Denise Piombo
- Department of Clinical Practice, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Illinois
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17
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Wolf K, Krinard T, Talsma J, Pierce-Talsma S. OMT for Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. J Osteopath Med 2017; 117:e141. [PMID: 29181525 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2017.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Miller LE, Ibarra A, Ouwehand AC. Normative Values for Colonic Transit Time and Patient Assessment of Constipation in Adults With Functional Constipation: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2017; 11:1179552217729343. [PMID: 28894394 PMCID: PMC5582663 DOI: 10.1177/1179552217729343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Availability of normative patient outcome data may assist in designing experiments and estimating sample sizes. The purpose of this review was to determine normative ranges for colonic transit time (CTT), Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms (PAC-SYM), and Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) in adults diagnosed with functional constipation per Rome III guidelines. Pooled estimates were derived from random-effects meta-analysis. Meta-regression was used to explore sources of heterogeneity among studies. A total of 24 studies (3786 patients) were included in the review. In 10 studies with 1119 patients, pooled CTT was 58 hours (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50-65 hours). Publication bias was not evident (Egger P = .51); heterogeneity was high (I2 = 92%, P < .001). In meta-regression, geographical location explained 57% of the between-study variance, with CTT significantly longer in studies conducted in Europe (71 hours) compared with Asia (49 hours) or the Americas (44 hours). In 9 studies with 2061 patients, pooled PAC-SYM was 1.70 (95% CI: 1.58-1.83). Publication bias was not evident (Egger P = .44). Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 90%, P < .001); however, no study or patient factor influenced PAC-SYM in meta-regression. In 12 studies with 1805 patients, pooled PAC-QOL was 1.97 (95% CI: 1.70-2.24). Publication bias was not evident (Egger P = .28); heterogeneity was high (I2 = 98%, P < .001). In meta-regression, age explained 52% of the between-study variance, with older age associated with lower PAC-QOL scores. Overall, in adults diagnosed with functional constipation per Rome III criteria, significant heterogeneity in CTT, PAC-SYM, and PAC-QOL exists among studies. Variability among studies may be explained by geography and patient factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvin Ibarra
- Global Health and Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition & Health, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- Global Health and Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition & Health, Kantvik, Finland
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19
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Miller LE, Ibarra A, Ouwehand AC, Zimmermann AK. Normative values for stool frequency and form using Rome III diagnostic criteria for functional constipation in adults: systematic review with meta-analysis. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 30:161-167. [PMID: 28243036 PMCID: PMC5320028 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2016.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When designing clinical trials focused on functional constipation therapies, understanding the normative values of populations selected using the Rome III criteria is important for estimating baseline symptom severity, and for power analysis and sample size calculations. The objective of this review was to determine normative ranges for stool frequency and form in adults with functional constipation (Rome III criteria). Eligible studies reported stool frequency or form; random effects meta-analysis was performed with subgroup analyses to explore sources of heterogeneity. A total of 25 studies (43 groups, 2292 subjects) were included. Pooled estimates were 2.7 (95% CI 2.4-3.0) for weekly stools and 2.4 (95% CI 2.1-2.6) for stool form (Bristol scale). Heterogeneity was high for both outcomes (both I2=96%, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that weekly bowel movement frequency was higher in larger than in smaller studies (3.1 vs. 2.3, P<0.001) and in studies conducted in Europe compared with those in the Americas (3.1 vs. 2.2, P=0.02). For stool form, the use of a daily diary versus subject recall was the sole explanatory variable (2.5 vs. 2.1, P<0.05). We conclude that adults with functional constipation have significant variation in stool frequency and form, explained in part by geography and study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry E Miller
- Miller Scientific Consulting, Inc., Asheville, NC, USA (Larry E. Miller, Angela K. Zimmermann)
| | - Alvin Ibarra
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland (Alvin Ibarra, Arthur C. Ouwehand)
| | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland (Alvin Ibarra, Arthur C. Ouwehand)
| | - Angela K Zimmermann
- Miller Scientific Consulting, Inc., Asheville, NC, USA (Larry E. Miller, Angela K. Zimmermann)
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20
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Orhan C, Kaya Kara O, Kaya S, Akbayrak T, Kerem Gunel M, Baltaci G. The effects of connective tissue manipulation and Kinesio Taping on chronic constipation in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 40:10-20. [PMID: 27793072 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1236412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of connective tissue manipulation (CTM) and Kinesio Taping® (KT) on constipation and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. Forty children diagnosed with chronic constipation based on Rome III criteria were randomly assigned to CTM group [6 females, 7 males; 8 y 6 mo (SD = 3y 4 mo)], KT group [7 female, 7 male; 8y 7 mo (SD =3y 5 mo)] or control group [6 female, 7 male; 8y 3 mo (SD = 3y 6 mo)]. All patients were assessed with 7-day bowel diaries, Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PEDsQL). Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon's signed-rank, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine intra-group and inter-group differences. The level of significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS Among the CTM, KT, and control groups, there were statistically significant differences regarding the changes in defecation frequency (2.46, 3.00, 0.30, ES 1.16, p < 0.001), duration of defecation (5.07, 5.35, 0.15, ES 2.37, p = 0.003), BSFS (1.84, 2.14, 0.07, ES 0.91, p < 0.001), VAS (4.83, 3.87, 0.23, ES 1.98, p < 0.001), and PEDsQL total scores (7, 14, 8.36, -0.85, ES 4.08, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that CTM and KT seem equally effective physiotherapy approaches for the treatment of pediatric constipation and these approaches may be added to bowel rehabilitation program. Implications for rehabilitation CTM and KT have similar effectiveness in alleviating the constipation-related symptoms and improving quality of life in children with CP. CTM and KT can be integrated into bowel rehabilitation programs. Considering the characteristics of patients, these treatment options can be used as an alternative of each other by physiotherapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Orhan
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ozgun Kaya Kara
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Serap Kaya
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Turkan Akbayrak
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mintaze Kerem Gunel
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gül Baltaci
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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21
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Hirose T, Shinoda Y, Yoshida A, Kurimoto M, Mori K, Kawachi Y, Tanaka K, Takeda A, Yoshimura T, Sugiyama T. Efficacy of daiokanzoto in chronic constipation refractory to first-line laxatives. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:497-500. [PMID: 27699020 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are only a few treatment options for constipation and limited evidence of suitable treatments. Daiokanzoto (DKT) is a Kampo medicine often used clincally to treat constipation. DKT is a laxative used predominantly in Japan; however, clinical data on its efficacy and safety is lacking. Patients who used DKT, but were intolerant to either magnesium oxide (MgO; MgO group; n=16) or senna extract (Senna group; n=26) were included in the present study. The frequencies of their bowel movements were compared during the 1 week prior to and following DKT administration. Within 24 hours after DKT administration, 93.8% of the patients in the MgO group evacuated their bowels. The median bowel movement frequency 1 week prior to DKT administration was 2.5 and 1 week after DKT administration was significantly increased to 7.5. In the Senna group, within 24 h of DKT administration, 80.8% of the patients evacuated their bowels. The median bowel movement frequency 1 week prior to the DKT treatment was 2.0, which significantly increased to 8.5 1 week after the administration of DKT. The adverse events from DKT treatment were mild and controllable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hirose
- Department of Pharmacy, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki-shi, Gifu 503-8502, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Social Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Shinoda
- Department of Pharmacy, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki-shi, Gifu 503-8502, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Social Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacy, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki-shi, Gifu 503-8502, Japan
| | - Machiko Kurimoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki-shi, Gifu 503-8502, Japan
| | - Kouki Mori
- Department of Pharmacy, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki-shi, Gifu 503-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawachi
- Department of Pharmacy, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki-shi, Gifu 503-8502, Japan
| | - Kouji Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacy, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki-shi, Gifu 503-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuko Takeda
- Department of Pharmacy, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki-shi, Gifu 503-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacy, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki-shi, Gifu 503-8502, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Social Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Social Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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