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Lim J, Lee D, Kim S, Lee S, Ryu JS. Analysis of abnormal muscle activities in patients with loss of cervical lordosis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:666. [PMID: 37608321 PMCID: PMC10464463 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to detect the differences in cervical muscle activation patterns in people with versus without cervical lordosis and explore the possible mechanism of cervical pain originating therein. METHODS This cross-sectional design included 39 participants without and 18 with normal cervical lordosis. Muscular activation was measured for 5 s in both groups using surface electromyography. Subsequently, the root mean square (RMS) of muscle amplitude was obtained at the bilateral splenius capitis, upper and lower parts of the splenius cervicis, upper and lower parts of the semispinalis cervicis, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, and rhomboid muscles in five cervical positions: 0° (resting), 30° of flexion, 30° of extension, 60° of extension, and upon a 1-kg load on the head in a resting posture. RESULTS The RMS values of the upper trapezius muscle at all postures and the rhomboid muscles at 60° of extension were significantly lower in the loss of lordosis than control group. Comparing the RMS ratio of each posture to the resting position, the ratio of the upper trapezius at flexion was significantly higher and that of the rhomboids at 60° of extension and upon loading was significantly lower in the loss of lordosis than control group. Moreover, the pattern changes in the RMS values according to posture showed a similar shape in these two muscles, and lower in the loss of lordosis than the normal group. CONCLUSIONS The loss of normal cervical alignment may correlate with predisposed conditions such as reduced muscle activation of the trapezius and rhomboid muscle, and may also provoke over-firing of the upper trapezius muscle, possibly increasing neck musculoskeletal pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS gov, registration number: NCT03710785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, South Korea
| | - Dajeong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangyoung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungeun Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Ju Seok Ryu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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2
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Argus M, Pääsuke M. Musculoskeletal disorders and functional characteristics of the neck and shoulder: Comparison between office workers using a laptop or desktop computer. Work 2023; 75:1289-1299. [PMID: 36683484 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using a laptop for work is gaining rapid popularity, but there is little evidence of how it influences musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and functional characteristics of the neck and shoulder area. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the prevalence of upper body MSDs and functional characteristics of the neck between office workers using a laptop or desktop computer. METHODS A total of 110 office workers with a mean age of 41±10 years participated. 45 office workers (73% female) used a laptop and 65 office workers (86% female) used desktop computers. The prevalence of MSDs was recorded using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Active range of motion (AROM), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) force, joint position error (JPE), and pain-pressure threshold (PPT) of the neck and shoulder area were measured. RESULTS Laptop users experienced significantly more MSDs in the right shoulder area on the day of participation (p < 0.001, OR = 4.47), during the previous 7 days (p < 0.01, OR = 3.74), and at 6 months (p < 0.01, OR = 3.57). Laptop users also experienced significantly more MSDs in the left shoulder during the previous 7 days (p < 0.05, OR = 2.44). There were no statistically significant differences in any of the functional characteristics of the neck and shoulder area between the groups. CONCLUSION Using the laptop computer for office work may pose a higher risk of developing MSDs in the right shoulder area, but might not have long-term effects on the functional characteristics of the neck and shoulder area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Argus
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mati Pääsuke
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Karabaş Ç, Aras B, Erol K, Kuzu Ö. Sonographic Comparison of Neck Extensor Muscle Thickness of
Ankylosing Spondylitis and Non-radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients
with Healthy Volunteers. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1853-9489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction This study examines the neck extensor muscle thickness of
patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial
spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) by comparing them with healthy volunteers. It also
aims to evaluate the relationship between muscle thickness and disease activity,
functional parameters, neck disability and quality of life in patients with
AxSpA.
Method In this cross-sectional study, 30 patients with AS and 30 patients
with nr-AxSpA who were admitted to a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
outpatient clinic were included consecutively. Thirty healthy participants were
included as a control group. The thickness of muscles was measured bilaterally
by ultrasound and the muscle thickness average was recorded. All patients with
axSpA were asked to complete the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity
Index (BASDAI), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), the
Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), the Ankylosing spondylitis
Quality of Life (AsQoL) scale and the Neck Disability Index (NDI).
Results Mean patient age was 42.36±10.0 in the AS group,
38.13±7.94 in the nr-axSpA group and 39.06±8.25 in the healthy
group. A statistically significant decrease was found in multifidus,
semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis and splenius capitis muscle
thickness in AS patients compared with the healthy group, and in semispinalis
cervicis muscle thickness in nr-axSpA patients compared with the healthy group.
However, when trapezius muscle thickness was compared between the groups, no
statistical difference was found. There was a significant negative correlation
between neck extensor muscle thickness and age, BASDAI, NDI and AsQoL in
patients with axSpA.
Conclusion The thickness of the neck extensor muscles is decreased in
patients with AxSpA compared with healthy individuals, and this situation can be
reliably detected by ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağlar Karabaş
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kastamonu
Rehabilitation Center, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Berke Aras
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara City
Hospital Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Kemal Erol
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Division of
Rheumatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ömer Kuzu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara City
Hospital Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ankara,
Turkey
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Kuzu Ö, Aras B. Sonographic measurement of the neck extensor muscle thickness in patients with fibromyalgia. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2022; 59:102541. [PMID: 35240562 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare cervical extensor muscle thickness measurements in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) with chronic neck pain and an asymptomatic control group, and to examine the relationship between cervical extensor muscle thickness and pain, quality of life, and disability. METHODS The study included 41 patients with FM and 41 asymptomatic control subjects. The thickness of the cervical extensor muscles (multifidus, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, splenius capitis and trapezius muscles) was evaluated with ultrasonography. The severity of FM was evaluated with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), neck disability with the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and pain severity with a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). RESULTS The mean sonographic thickness values of all the neck extensor muscles were significantly decreased in the FM group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). There were negative correlations between the FIQ and multifidus, splenius capitis and trapezius thickness values. NDI was significantly negatively correlated with multifidus and trapezius thickness. There was no significant correlation between neck extensor muscle thickness and age, duration of FM, and NRS scores. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a decrease in cervical extensor muscle thickness in patients with FM with chronic neck pain. Cervical extensor muscle morphologies should be considered by the clinician when planning treatment in patients with FM with neck pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Kuzu
- Ankara City Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Berke Aras
- Ankara City Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Jeong ED, Kim CY, Kim NH, Kim HD. Immediate effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching of hamstring muscles on straight leg raise, craniovertebral angle, and cervical spine range of motion in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness: A prospective randomized controlled trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:429-438. [PMID: 34151831 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-201840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cranio-cervical flexion exercise and sub-occipital muscle inhibition technique have been used to improve a forward head posture among neck pain patients with straight leg raise (SLR) limitation. However, little is known about the cranio-vertebral angle (CVA) and cervical spine range of motion (CROM) after applying stretching methods to the hamstring muscle. OBJECTIVE To compare the immediate effects of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on SLR, CVA, and CROM in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness. METHODS 64 subjects were randomly allocated to the static stretching (n1= 32) or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (n2= 32) stretching group. The SLR test was performed to measure the hamstring muscle's flexibility and tightness between the two groups, with CROM and CVA also being measured. The paired t-test was used to compare all the variables within each group before and after the intervention. The independent t-test was used to compare the two groups before and after the stretching exercise. RESULTS There were no between-group effects for any outcome variables (P> 0.05). However, all SLR, CVA, and CROM outcome variables were significantly improved within-group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There were no between-group effects for any outcome variable; however, SLR, CVA, and CROM significantly improved within-group after the one-session intervention in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Dong Jeong
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Kim
- Pharma and Bio Pharma Industry Team, Department of Pharmaceutical and Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Nack-Hwan Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Dong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Lin G, Wang W, Wilkinson T. Changes in deep neck muscle length from the neutral to forward head posture. A cadaveric study using Thiel cadavers. Clin Anat 2022; 35:332-339. [PMID: 35038194 PMCID: PMC9304288 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common postural deviations. Deep neck muscle imbalance of individuals with FHP is of primary concern in clinical rehabilitation. However, there is scarce quantitative research on changes in deep neck muscle length with the head moving forward. This study aimed to investigate changes in deep neck muscle length with different severity levels of FHP. Six Thiel‐embalmed cadavers (four males and two females) were dissected, and 16 deep neck muscles in each cadaver were modeled by a MicroScribe 3D Digitizer in the neutral head posture, slight FHP, and severe FHP. The craniovertebral angle was used to evaluate the degrees of FHP. Quantitative length change of the deep neck muscles was analyzed using Rhinoceros 3D. In slight FHP significant changes in length occurred in four muscles: two shortened (upper semispinalis capitis, rectus capitis posterior minor) and two lengthened (longus capitis, splenius cervicis). In severe FHP all occipital extensors were significantly shortened (10.6 ± 6.4%), except for obliquus capitis superior, and all cervical extensors were significantly lengthened (4.8 ± 3.4%), while longus capitis (occipital flexor) and the superior oblique part of the longus colli (cervical flexor) were lengthened by 8.8 ± 3.8% and 4.2 ± 3.1%, respectively. No significant length change was observed for the axial rotator. This study presents an alternate anatomical insight into the clinical rehabilitation of FHP. Six muscles appear to be important in restoring optimal head posture, with improvements in FHP being related to interventions associated with the occipital and cervical extensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Lin
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tracey Wilkinson
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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7
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Kiatkulanusorn S, Suato BP, Werasirirat P. Analysis of neck and back muscle activity during the application of various pillow designs in patients with forward head posture. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2021; 34:431-439. [PMID: 33492272 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently no reports of biomechanical changes in patients with forward head posture (FHP) that result in altered muscle activation throughout various functions with muscle activation response during diverse sleep postures. OBJECTIVE This study investigated neck and back muscle activity in individuals with and without FHP during a maintained side-sleeping position by incorporating various pillow designs. METHODS Thirty-four participants (i.e., 17 in each group) were enrolled. The muscle activity was investigated via surface electromyography during the use of three trial pillows: orthopedic pillow, hollow pillow, and Thai neck support pillow. RESULTS With the application of all three trial pillow, the FHP group demonstrated significantly greater middle-lower trapezius muscle activity than the normal head posture group (p< 0.05). Sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius (UT) muscle activity were similar between the two groups (p> 0.05). Only UT muscle activity was affected by variations in pillow design. In the normal group, no difference was observed in the muscle activity between all three pillows (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Feasibly, the ability to appropriately modify a pillow configuration without creating undesired muscle activation was limited to those exhibiting FHP. Therefore, specially designed pillows or mattresses should be investigated in terms of their relevance to muscle fatigue and potential musculoskeletal pain in FHP patients.
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8
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Wang L, Guo X, Tan L, Chen Q. Quantitative assessment of normal middle deltoid muscle elasticity at various arm abduction using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12479. [PMID: 34127765 PMCID: PMC8203697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the change in the normal MD elasticity using shear wave elastography (SWE) through measuring the middle deltoid (MD) elasticity in healthy participants at various arm abduction (with bilateral arms at 0 degrees abduction and 90 degrees active abduction) and analyzing the factors affecting normal MD elasticity. Mean shear wave velocity (SWV) of the MD in healthy right-handed participants were evaluated using SWE at different arm abduction, and potential factors (gender, MD thickness, age, body mass index) affecting MD elasticity were analyzed. Different arm abduction positions of each participant were as follows: (i) 0° abduction of bilateral arm (L0° and R0°), (ii) 90° active abduction of bilateral arm (L90° and R90°). Mean SWV was significantly higher at L90° than L0°, higher at R90° than R0°, higher at R0° than L0°, and higher at R90° than L90° (all P < 0.0001). SWV was significantly higher in males at both L0° (P < 0.05) and R0° (P < 0.01) than in females. Neither MD thickness, age nor body mass index influenced MD elasticity. Reference ranges of normal MD elasticity were 2.4–3.1 m/s in males and 2.2–2.9 m/s in females at L0° and 2.5–3.3 m/s in males and 2.4–3.2 m/s in females at R0°, and were 4.9–6.7 m/s at L90°, 5.2–7.1 m/s at R90° for both males and females. SWE is a feasible technique to assess normal MD elasticity at various arm abduction. Our results suggest that normal MD elasticity at L0°, R0°, L90°, and R90° with SWE are different. Moreover, these reference ranges may serve as quantitative baseline measurements for assessment of normal MD elasticity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West 2nd section, Yihuan road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.,Department of Medical Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xuanyan Guo
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West 2nd section, Yihuan road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.,Department of Medical Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West 2nd section, Yihuan road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.,Department of Medical Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.32, West 2nd section, Yihuan road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Medical Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Kang KW, Kwon YH, Son SM. Ultrasound Measurement of the Transverse Abdominis, Internal Oblique, and External Oblique Muscles Associated with Forward Head Posture and Reduced Cranio-Vertebral Angle. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928987. [PMID: 34097670 PMCID: PMC8194289 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal posture can affect the alignment of the cervical spine, which can lead to various physical problems. There are many ways to solve the problem by limiting the area around the neck to restore abnormal neck condition. However, there is a need to look at these problems from an enlarged perspective through the relationship between the cervical spine and trunk. This study aimed to investigate the significance of the thickness of the transverse abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles in patients with forward head posture and reduced cranio-vertebral angle. Material/Methods We included 24 healthy adult males in their 20s without lower back pain. The cranio-vertebral angle (CVA) in all the subjects was measured with the help of pictures taken in the sagittal plane using a digital camera. The thickness of muscles, including transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO), was measured using a diagnostic ultrasound device. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to identify the correlation between the variables measured. Results CVA showed a statistically significant correlation with TrA thickness (r=0.506/p=0.012), and among the abdominal muscles, there was a significant correlation between IO and EO thickness (r=0.663/p=0.000). Conclusions A reduced CVA due to FHP was significantly associated with reduced TrA thickness. Therefore, increasing the bulk of the abdominal muscles with restoration of the abnormal CVA is a potential treatment approach and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Woo Kang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam University College, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam University College, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Chungbuk, South Korea
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10
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Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update. Eur Geriatr Med 2021; 12:45-59. [PMID: 33387359 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2018, the SARCUS working group published a first article on the standardization of the use of ultrasound to assess muscle. Recommendations were made for patient positioning, system settings and components to be measured. Also, shortcomings in knowledge were mentioned. An important issue that still required standardization was the definition of anatomical landmarks for many muscles. METHODS A systematic search was performed in Medline, SCOPUS and Web of Sciences looking for all articles describing the use of ultrasound in the assessment of muscle not described in the first recommendations, published from 01/01/2018 until 31/01/2020. All relevant terms used for older people, ultrasound and muscles were used. RESULTS For 39 muscles, different approaches for ultrasound assessment were found that likely impact the values measured. Standardized anatomical landmarks and measuring points were proposed for all muscles/muscle groups. Besides the five already known muscle parameters (muscle thickness, cross-section area, pennation angle, fascicle length and echo-intensity), four new parameters are discussed (muscle volume, stiffness, contraction potential and microcirculation). The former SARCUS article recommendations are updated with this new information that includes new muscle groups. CONCLUSIONS The emerging field of ultrasound assessment of muscle mass only highlights the need for a standardization of measurement technique. In this article, guidelines are updated and broadened to provide standardization instructions for a large number of muscles.
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Lu L, Robinson M, Tan Y, Goonewardena K, Guo X, Mareels I, Oetomo D. Effective Assessments of a Short-Duration Poor Posture on Upper Limb Muscle Fatigue Before Physical Exercise. Front Physiol 2020; 11:541974. [PMID: 33132916 PMCID: PMC7579401 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.541974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A forward head and rounded shoulder posture is a poor posture that is widely seen in everyday life. It is known that sitting in such a poor posture with long hours will bring health issues such as muscle pain. However, it is not known whether sitting in this poor posture for a short period of time will affect human activities. This paper investigates the effects of a short-duration poor posture before some typical physical activities such as push-ups. The experiments are set up as follows. Fourteen male subjects are asked to do push-ups until fatigue with two surface electromyography (sEMG) at the upper limb. Two days later, they are asked to sit in this poor posture for 15 min with eight sEMG sensors located at given back muscles. Then they do the push-ups after the short-duration poor posture. The observations from the median frequency of sEMG signals at the upper limb indicate that the short-duration poor posture does affect the fatigue procedure of push-ups. A significant decreasing trend of the performance of push-ups is obtained after sitting in this poor posture. Such effects indicate that some parts of the back muscles indeed get fatigued with only 15 min sitting in this poor posture. By further investigating the time-frequency components of sEMG of back muscles, it is observed that the low and middle frequencies of sEMG signals from the infraspinatus muscle of the dominant side are demonstrated to be more prone to fatigue with the poor posture. Although this study focuses only on push-ups, similar experiments can be arranged for other physical exercises as well. This study provides new insights into the effect of a short-duration poor posture before physical activities. These insights can be used to guide athletes to pay attention to postures before physical activities to improve performance and reduce the risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Mark Robinson
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ying Tan
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Xinliang Guo
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Iven Mareels
- IBM Research - Australia, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Denny Oetomo
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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12
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Wang L, Xiang X, Zhu BH, Qiu L. Determination of reference ranges for normal upper trapezius elasticity during different shoulder abduction using shear wave elastography: a preliminary study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17104. [PMID: 33051541 PMCID: PMC7555503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the reference ranges of normal upper trapezius (UT) elasticity during different shoulder abduction using shear wave elastography (SWE). Mean shear wave velocity (SWV) of UT elasticity in eighty healthy participants were measured at left and right shoulder 0° abduction and 90° passive abduction (L0°, R0°, L90°, R90°) with SWE. The effects of potential factors (gender, UT thickness, age, and body mass index) on UT elasticity were analyzed. The reference ranges of normal UT elasticity were calculated by using the normal distribution method. UT elasticity was significantly different among various shoulder abduction (P < 0.0001). UT elasticity was significantly higher in males at both L90° (P < 0.05) and R90° (P < 0.01) than in females. The reference ranges of normal UT elasticity were 2.90-4.01 m/s at L0° and 3.01-4.29 m/s at R0°, and were 4.90-6.40 m/s in males and 4.40-6.20 m/s in females at L90°, 5.20-7.02 m/s in males and 4.71-6.80 m/s in females at R90°. Our results suggest that gender should be considered when determining the reference ranges of normal UT elasticity at L90° and R90° with SWE. These values may provide quantitative baseline measurements for the assessment of UT muscle strain in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bi-Hui Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Moustafa IM, Youssef A, Ahbouch A, Tamim M, Harrison DE. Is forward head posture relevant to autonomic nervous system function and cervical sensorimotor control? Cross sectional study. Gait Posture 2020; 77:29-35. [PMID: 31955048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest concerning the understanding of the sagittal configuration of the cervical spine as a clinical outcome. However, evaluating sensorimotor control and autonomic nervous system for participants with forward head posture (FHP) compared to strictly matched control participants with normal head alignment has not been adequately addressed. METHODS Sensorimotor control variables include smooth pursuit neck torsion test(SPNT), Overall stability index (OSI) and left and right rotation repositioning accuracy. Autonomic nervous system function includes amplitude and latency of skin sympathetic response (SSR). We measured these variables in 80 participants with definite forward head posture (Craniovertebral angle less than 50 degrees) and 80 participants with age, gender, and BMI matched normal head alignment (Craniovertebral angle (CVA) more than 50 degrees). Differences in variable measures were examined using the parametric t-test. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between FHP, sensorimotor control, and autonomic nervous system function. RESULTS The unpaired t-test analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the FHP group and control group for all of the sensorimotor measured variables including SPNT, OSI and left and right rotation repositioning accuracy (P < 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference in neurophysiological findings, including SSR amplitude (P = .005), but there was no significant difference for SSR Latency (P = .7). The CVA significantly correlated with all measured variables (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Participants with FHP exhibited abnormal sensorimotor control and autonomic nervous system dysfunction compared to those with normal head alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Moustafa
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Youssef
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China; Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amal Ahbouch
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - May Tamim
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Nagai T, Schilaty ND, Krause DA, Crowley EM, Hewett TE. Sex Differences in Ultrasound-Based Muscle Size and Mechanical Properties of the Cervical-Flexor and -Extensor Muscles. J Athl Train 2020; 55:282-288. [PMID: 31967864 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-482-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Neck pain (NP), neck injuries, and concussions are more prevalent in female athletes than in their male counterparts. Females exhibit less neck girth, strength, and stiffness against a perturbation. As part of the clinical examination for individuals with NP, ultrasound (US)-based imaging of the cervical muscles has become common. Muscle size or thickness and stiffness can be measured with US-based B-mode and shear-wave elastography (SWE), respectively. Information on reliability, normative values, and sex differences based on US-based muscle size or thickness and stiffness in young and athletic individuals is limited. OBJECTIVE To evaluate sex differences in US-based muscle size or thickness and biomechanical properties of the cervical-flexor and -extensor muscles. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 13 women (age = 23.7 ± 1.9 years, height = 167.1 ± 6.1 cm, mass = 63.8 ± 5.6 kg) and 11 men (age = 25.6 ± 4.9 years, height = 178.7 ± 8.3 cm, mass = 78.9 ± 12.0 kg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The same examiner collected all measures, using US B-mode to scan the cross-sectional area and thickness of the longus colli (LC), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), cervical-extensor muscles, and upper trapezius (UT) muscle. The US SWE-mode was used to measure the stiffness of the SCM and UT. Independent t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were calculated to determine sex differences. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) measured intrarater test-retest reliability. RESULTS Men had thicker SCMs than women (P = .01). No sex differences were present for longus colli cross-sectional area, cervical-extensor muscle thickness, or UT thickness (P > .05). In addition, no sex differences were evident for SCM (P = .302) or UT (P = .703) SWE stiffness. Reliability was good to excellent (ICC = 0.715-0.890) except for SCM SWE stiffness (ICC = 0.554). CONCLUSIONS The only sex difference was in SCM thickness. However, smaller SCMs in women did not result in less SCM SWE stiffness. We provided normative values for US-based imaging of the cervical-flexor and -extensor muscles in young and athletic men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagai
- Biomechanics Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nathan D Schilaty
- Biomechanics Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David A Krause
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eric M Crowley
- Biomechanics Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Timothy E Hewett
- Biomechanics Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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15
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Kashfi P, Karimi N, Peolsson A, Rahnama L. The effects of deep neck muscle-specific training versus general exercises on deep neck muscle thickness, pain and disability in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain: protocol for a randomized clinical trial (RCT). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:540. [PMID: 31727085 PMCID: PMC6857347 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered thickness, cross-sectional area and activity of deep neck muscles have frequently been reported in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain (CNNP). It is claimed that these muscles do not recover spontaneously. These muscles provide a considerable amount of cervical stability. Therefore, various therapeutic exercises have been recommended to recover from resulting complications. However, most exercise protocols do not target deep neck muscles directly. Thus, this might be a reason for long-lasting complications. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to discuss a randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocol in which we aim to investigate and compare the effects of neck-specific exercise programmes versus general exercise programmes in patients with CNNP. METHODS A 2*2 factorial RCT with before-after design. Sixty-four participants with CNNP will be recruited into the study. They will be randomly divided into two groups, including specific neck exercise and general exercise. Each exercise programme will be carried out three times a week and will last for 8 weeks. Primarily, dorsal and ventral neck muscle thickness, pain and disability and secondarily, muscle strength, quality of life, sleep quality, fear avoidance and neck range of motion will be assessed at the baseline and immediately at the end of the exercise protocol. DISCUSSION The results of this study will inform clinicians on which type of exercise is more beneficial for patients with CNNP. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT2017091620787N2, Sep 16 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Kashfi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noureddin Karimi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anneli Peolsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Leila Rahnama
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Physical Therapy, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, USA.
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Relationship between age, BMI, head posture and superficial neck muscle stiffness and elasticity in adult women. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8515. [PMID: 31186509 PMCID: PMC6559965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined relationships between age, BMI and cranio-vertebral angle (CVA) (independent variables) and stiffness and elasticity of sternocleidomasteoid [SCM] and upper trapezius [UT] (dependent variables) muscles in sitting posture in 95 women across adult life. Moreover, a stepwise regression was performed to determine to what extent the dependent variables are explained by age, BMI and CVA. Age was moderately correlated with BMI (r = 0.41), and both age and BMI were moderately negatively correlated with CVA (r = −0.54 and −0.55, respectively). High (r = 0.73) and moderate (r = 0.53) linear relationships were present between age and logarithmic decrement (inversely related to elasticity) and stiffness of SCM muscle, respectively. Low (r = 0.36) and moderate (r = 0.47) relationships were present between age and logarithmic decrement and stiffness of UT muscle, respectively. Age accounted for 53% variance in elasticity and 28.5% variance in stiffness of SCM, and for 13% variance in elasticity and 22% variance in stiffness of UT muscle. Introduction of BMI but not CVA to the model explained the variance of these parameters by additional 0–8%. Among the studied factors age is the major correlate of stiffness and elasticity of neck muscles across the adult life.
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Jin S, Kim M, Park J, Jang M, Chang K, Kim D. A comparison of biomechanical workload between smartphone and smartwatch while sitting and standing. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 76:105-112. [PMID: 30642514 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concerns about musculoskeletal disorders in the upper back arising from excessive daily use of the smartwatch have been widely validated by the rising prevalence of discomfort. This study explored the smartwatch as a potential ergonomic intervention over the smartphone. Fourteen healthy participants completed five tasks (application setting, calling, message typing, message checking and vocal message entry) with smartphone and smartwatch in both sitting and standing postures. The neck-shoulder kinematics and muscle activation levels were monitored to assess the effects of the tasks, devices, and postures. The results indicated greater head flexion, head rotation and shoulder abduction and greater muscle activities for smartwatch use compared to smartphone use, but the performance measure (i.e., elapsed time) was superior for smartwatch use in all tasks except message typing. Collectively, only short and simple tasks such as message checking and application setting should be conducted with the smartwatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeun Jin
- The Human and Safety Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minsung Kim
- The Human and Safety Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyeon Park
- The Human and Safety Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minsung Jang
- The Human and Safety Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyuseok Chang
- The Human and Safety Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daemin Kim
- The Human and Safety Engineering Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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