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Abdelaty EM, Shendy S, Lotfy O, Hassan KA. The difference in multifidus muscle morphology and motor control in non-specific low back pain with clinical lumbar instability and healthy subjects: A case-control study. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 29:e2047. [PMID: 37598310 DOI: 10.1002/pri.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) with clinical lumbar instability (CLI) is considered a subgroup of back pain. Poor core stability function and/or lack of motor controls are thought to play a role in inappropriate inter-segmental movements and pain. There is no study investigating the changes in the lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM) morphology and motor control in this subgroup of patients. OBJECTIVE To assess motor control components and morphological changes of LMM in the patients suffering from chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) with CLI. DESIGN Observational case-control study. METHODS Thirty-two patients suffering from (CNSLBP) with CLI and 32 healthy individuals were included. The muscle force element of lumbar motor control was assessed by using (the active straight-leg raise test, leg lowering test, and Trendelenburg test). Ultrasonography was used to assess changes in the LMM morphology. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in motor control (p = 0.0001), an increase in LMM fatty infiltration (p = 0.002), and a decrease in the thickness of LMM in patients suffering from CNSLBP during contraction (p = 0.006), during rest (p = 0.018). The cross-section area of the LMM showed no statistically significant differences during rest on the right and left sides (p = 0.827, 0.220 respectively) and contraction (p = 0.160, 0.278 respectively) between patients and healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Motor control and the morphology of LMM in patients with CNSLBP with CLI may provide insight into the mechanisms of underlying pain and their effect on muscle function and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Masry Abdelaty
- Physical Therapist at Damanhour National Institute, Cairo University, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Salwa Shendy
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders & Its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Osama Lotfy
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Intervension, National Liver Institute, Menofiya Univesrsity, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Karima Abdelaty Hassan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders & Its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Dokki, Egypt
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Tran KS, Mazmudar A, Paziuk T, Lambrechts MJ, Tecce E, Blaber O, Habbal D, Okroj K, Karamian BA, Canseco JA, Rihn JA, Hilibrand AS, Kepler CK, Vaccaro AR, Schroeder GD. Cross-sectional area of the longus colli and cervical degenerative spondylolisthesis: A retrospective review evaluating this anatomic consideration. JOURNAL OF CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION AND SPINE 2022; 13:421-426. [PMID: 36777905 PMCID: PMC9910131 DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_104_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited literature is available to define the impact of the longus colli muscle, a deep flexor of the spine, on cervical spine stability despite its close proximity to the vertebrae. Aims and Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine if longus colli cross-sectional area (CSA) is associated with the severity preoperative cervical degenerative spondylolisthesis. Materials and Methods Patients undergoing elective anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical spondylolisthesis between 2010-2021 were retrospectively identified. Longus colli cross-sectional areas (CSA) were measured from preoperative MRI images at the C5 level. Preoperative spondylolisthesis measurements were recorded with cervical radiographs. Patients were grouped by quartiles respectively according to longus colli CSAs. Statistical tests compared patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and surgical outcomes between groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to assess if longus colli CSA predicted cervical spondylolisthesis. Results A total of 157 patients met inclusion criteria. Group 1 (first quartile) was the oldest (60.4 ± 12.0 years, P = 0.024) and was predominantly female (59.0%, P = 0.001). Group 1 also had the highest maximum spondylolisthesis (0.19 mm, P = 0.031) and highest proportion of grade 2 spondylolisthesis (23.1%, P = 0.003). On regression analysis, lowest quartile of longus colli CSA was an independent predictor of larger measured maximum spondylolisthesis (β: 0.04, P = 0.012). Conclusion Smaller longus colli CSA is independently associated with a higher grade and degree of preoperative cervical spondylolisthesis, but this finding does not result in adverse postsurgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa S. Tran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aditya Mazmudar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taylor Paziuk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark J. Lambrechts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Tecce
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olivia Blaber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Habbal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kamil Okroj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian A. Karamian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jose A. Canseco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Rihn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan S. Hilibrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher K. Kepler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander R. Vaccaro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory D. Schroeder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Vanti C, Ferrari S, Guccione AA, Pillastrini P. Lumbar spondylolisthesis: STATE of the art on assessment and conservative treatment. Arch Physiother 2021; 11:19. [PMID: 34372944 PMCID: PMC8351422 DOI: 10.1186/s40945-021-00113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is weak relationship between the presence of lumbar spondylolisthesis [SPL] and low back pain that is not always associated with instability, either at the involved lumbar segment or at different spinal levels. Therefore patients with lumbar symptomatic SPL can be divided into stable and unstable, based on the level of mobility during flexion and extension movements as general classifications for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Different opinions persist about best treatment (conservative vs. surgical) and among conservative treatments, on the type, dosage, and progression of physical therapy procedures. PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE TO PRACTICE The aim of this Masterclass is to provide clinicians evidence-based indications for assessment and conservative treatment of SPL, taking into consideration some subgroups related to specific clinical presentations. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This Masterclass addresses the different phases of the assessment of a patient with SPL, including history, imaging, physical exam, and questionnaires on disability and cognitive-behavioral components. Regarding conservative treatment, self- management approaches and graded supervised training, including therapeutic relationships, information and education, are explained. Primary therapeutic procedures for pain control, recovery of the function and the mobility through therapeutic exercise, passive mobilization and antalgic techniques are suggested. Moreover, some guidance is provided on conservative treatment in specific clinical presentations (lumbar SPL with radiating pain and/or lumbar stenosis, SPL complicated by other factors, and SPL in adolescents) and the number/duration of sessions. FUTURE RESEARCH PRIORITIES Some steps to improve the diagnostic-therapeutic approach in SPL are to identify the best cluster of clinical tests, define different lumbar SPL subgroups, and investigate the effects of treatments based on that classification, similarly to the approach already proposed for non-specific LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vanti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvano Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrew A. Guccione
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
| | - Paolo Pillastrini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Naghdi N, Mohseni-Bandpei MA, Taghipour M, Rahmani N. Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Morphology Changes in Patient with Different Degrees of Lumbar Disc Herniation: An Ultrasonographic Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:699. [PMID: 34356981 PMCID: PMC8307190 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Previous studies demonstrated that the prevalence of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is relatively high. This investigation aimed to evaluate the size of lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle in patients with different degrees of LDH compared to healthy group, during rest and contraction, using ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: In this non-experimental, analytic, and case control study, ultrasound imaging was used to assess cross-sectional area (CSA) and thickness of the LM muscle in 15 healthy subjects and 60 patients with different stages of LDH (bulging group = 15, protrusion group = 15, extrusion group = 15, sequestration group = 15). Measurements were taken bilaterally at the L4-L5 level, during rest and contraction and results were compared between groups. Results: There was a significant difference between healthy subjects and the extrusion and sequestration groups during rest and contraction for LM muscle CSA and thickness (p = 0.001), as LM muscle CSA and thickness were significantly smaller in extrusion and sequestration patient groups compared to healthy subjects. LM atrophy was greater in patients with extrusion and sequestration groups than in patients with bulging and protrusion, both at rest and during contraction. Significant correlations were also observed between functional disability and intensity of pain with LM CSA and thickness measurements. Conclusions: Patients with extrusion and sequestration LDH had smaller LM muscle at rest and during contraction compared to healthy subjects. Larger LDH lesions were associated with decreased LM muscle size. Patient with more pain, disability, and extrusion and sequestration LDH had greater LM size changes. LM muscle size was not correlated with symptom duration. Further investigation with greater sample size is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Naghdi
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada;
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohseni-Bandpei
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713834, Iran;
| | - Morteza Taghipour
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713834, Iran;
| | - Nahid Rahmani
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran 1985713834, Iran;
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Cortical Representations of Transversus Abdominis and Multifidus Muscles Were Discrete in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: Evidence Elicited by TMS. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6666024. [PMID: 33679969 PMCID: PMC7906820 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6666024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The transversus abdominis (TVA) and multifidus (MF) muscles are the main segmental spinal stabilizers that are controlled by the primary motor cortex of the brain. However, relocations of the muscle representation in the motor cortex may occur after chronic lower back pain (cLBP); it still needs more evidence to be proven. The current study was aimed at applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the changes of representation of TVA and MF muscles at the cortical network in individuals with cLBP. Methods Twenty-four patients with cLBP and 12 age-matched healthy individuals were recruited. Responses of TVA and MF to TMS during muscle contraction were monitored and mapped over the contralateral cortex using a standardized grid cap. Maps of the center of gravity (CoG), area, volume, and latency were analyzed, and the asymmetry index was also computed and compared. Results The locations of MF CoG in cLBP individuals were posterior and lateral to the CoG locations in healthy individuals. In the healthy group, the locations of TVA and MF CoG were closed to each other in both the left and right hemispheres. In the cLBP group, these two locations were next to each other in the right hemisphere but discrete in the left hemisphere. In the cLBP group, the cortical motor map of TVA and MF were mutually symmetric in five out of eleven (45.5%) subjects and leftward asymmetric in four out of ten (40.0%) subjects. Conclusions Neural representations of TVA and MF muscles were closely organized in both the right and left motor cortices in the healthy group but were discretely organized in the left motor cortex in the cLBP group. This provides strong support for the neural basis of pathokinesiology and clinical treatment of cLBP.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional design. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and identify factors associated with sarcopenia in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Patients with LSS have a higher prevalence of sarcopenia compared with healthy older adults. However, the clinical features of sarcopenia in patients with LSS are poorly understood and the factors affecting sarcopenia in patients with LSS remain unclear. METHODS Patients diagnosed with LSS based on clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging findings, and referred to physical therapy, were enrolled. Muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance using InBody S10. We collected a numerical rating scale (NRS) for back pain, the 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36), the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ), bone mineral density (BMD), and radiographic measurements of spinal alignment. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia guidelines and patients were classified into sarcopenia or nonsarcopenia groups. RESULTS A total of 178 patients were enrolled: 35 in the sarcopenia group and 143 in the nonsarcopenia group. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 19.7%. The average percent of slip (% slip) among patients in the sarcopenia group was significantly higher compared with those in the nonsarcopenia group (P < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI), BMD, physical function as assessed by the SF-36, and gait disturbance as assessed by the JOABPEQ were significantly lower in the sarcopenia group compared with those in the nonsarcopenia group (P < 0.05). A trend was observed toward between-group differences in back pain on the NRS (P < 0.1). In the logistic regression analysis, significant associations were seen between sarcopenia and % slip (odds ratio 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.30). CONCLUSION Patients with LSS and sarcopenia have a higher degree of slippage and lower BMI, BMD, and physical function, and reported more severe low back pain, compared with those without sarcopenia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Cheung WK, Cheung JPY, Lee WN. Role of Ultrasound in Low Back Pain: A Review. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1344-1358. [PMID: 32192782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain is one of most common musculoskeletal disorders around the world. One major problem clinicians face is the lack of objective assessment modalities. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are commonly utilized but are unable to clearly distinguish patients with low back pain from healthy patients with respect to abnormalities. The reason may be the anisotropic nature of muscles, which is altered in function, and the scans provide only structural assessment. In view of this, ultrasound may be helpful in understanding the disease as it is performed in real-time and comprises different modes that measure thickness, blood flow and stiffness. By the use of ultrasound, patients with low back pain have been found to differ from healthy patients with respect to the thickness and stiffness of the transversus abdominis, thoracolumbar fascia and multifidus. The study results are currently still not conclusive, and further study is necessary to validate. Future work should focus on quantitative assessment of these tissues to provide textural, structural, hemodynamic and mechanical studies of low back pain. This review highlights the current understanding of how medical ultrasound has been used for diagnosis and study of low back pain and discusses potential new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Ki Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, SAR, China
| | - Jason Pui Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, SAR, China.
| | - Wei-Ning Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, SAR, China
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Hofste A, Soer R, Hermens HJ, Wagner H, Oosterveld FGJ, Wolff AP, Groen GJ. Inconsistent descriptions of lumbar multifidus morphology: A scoping review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:312. [PMID: 32429944 PMCID: PMC7236939 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lumbar multifidus (LM) is regarded as the major stabilizing muscle of the spine. The effects of exercise therapy in low back pain (LBP) are attributed to this muscle. A current literature review is warranted, however, given the complexity of LM morphology and the inconsistency of anatomical descriptions in the literature. Methods Scoping review of studies on LM morphology including major anatomy atlases. All relevant studies were searched in PubMed (Medline) and EMBASE until June 2019. Anatomy atlases were retrieved from multiple university libraries and online. All studies and atlases were screened for the following LM parameters: location, imaging methods, spine levels, muscle trajectory, muscle thickness, cross-sectional area, and diameter. The quality of the studies and atlases was also assessed using a five-item evaluation system. Results In all, 303 studies and 19 anatomy atlases were included in this review. In most studies, LM morphology was determined by MRI, ultrasound imaging, or drawings – particularly for levels L4–S1. In 153 studies, LM is described as a superficial muscle only, in 72 studies as a deep muscle only, and in 35 studies as both superficial and deep. Anatomy atlases predominantly depict LM as a deep muscle covered by the erector spinae and thoracolumbar fascia. About 42% of the studies had high quality scores, with 39% having moderate scores and 19% having low scores. The quality of figures in anatomy atlases was ranked as high in one atlas, moderate in 15 atlases, and low in 3 atlases. Discussion Anatomical studies of LM exhibit inconsistent findings, describing its location as superficial (50%), deep (25%), or both (12%). This is in sharp contrast to anatomy atlases, which depict LM predominantly as deep muscle. Within the limitations of the self-developed quality-assessment tool, high-quality scores were identified in a majority of studies (42%), but in only one anatomy atlas. Conclusions We identified a lack of standardization in the depiction and description of LM morphology. This could affect the precise understanding of its role in background and therapy in LBP patients. Standardization of research methodology on LM morphology is recommended. Anatomy atlases should be updated on LM morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hofste
- Anesthesiology Pain Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Location Beatrixoord, Dilgtweg 5, Haren, the Netherlands. .,Faculty of Physical Activity and Health, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Remko Soer
- Anesthesiology Pain Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Location Beatrixoord, Dilgtweg 5, Haren, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Physical Activity and Health, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Hermie J Hermens
- Department of Biomedical Signals & Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.,Telemedicine Group, Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Heiko Wagner
- Department of Movement Science, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Münster, Germany
| | - Frits G J Oosterveld
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Health, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - André P Wolff
- Anesthesiology Pain Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Location Beatrixoord, Dilgtweg 5, Haren, the Netherlands
| | - Gerbrand J Groen
- Anesthesiology Pain Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Location Beatrixoord, Dilgtweg 5, Haren, the Netherlands
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Dallaway A, Kite C, Griffen C, Duncan M, Tallis J, Renshaw D, Hattersley J. Age-related degeneration of the lumbar paravertebral muscles: Systematic review and three-level meta-regression. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110856. [PMID: 32006635 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphological changes of the lumbar spine muscles are not well characterised with ageing. To further the understanding of age-related degeneration of the lumbar spine musculature, normative morphological changes that occur within the paravertebral muscles must first be established. METHODS A systematic review and meta-regressions were conducted adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Searches for published and unpublished data were completed in June 2019. RESULTS Searches returned 4781 articles. 34 articles were included in the quantitative analysis. Three-level meta-analyses showed age-related atrophy (r = -0.26; 95% CI: -0.33, -0.17) and fat infiltration (r = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.50) in the lumbar paravertebral muscles. Degenerative changes were muscle-specific and men (r = -0.32; 95% CI: -0.61, 0.01) exhibited significantly greater muscle atrophy than women (r = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.47, 0.03). Imaging modality, specifically ultrasound, also influenced age-related muscle atrophy. Measurements taken across all lumbar levels revealed the greatest fat infiltration with ageing (r = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.74). Moderators explained a large proportion of between-study variance in true effects for muscle atrophy (72.6%) and fat infiltration (79.8%) models. CONCLUSIONS Lumbar paravertebral muscles undergo age-related degeneration in healthy adults with muscle, lumbar level and sex-specific responses. Future studies should use high-resolution imaging modalities to quantify muscle atrophy and fat infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dallaway
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Science and Health Building, Whitefriars Street, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom; Human Metabolic Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Rd, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom.
| | - C Kite
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Cell and Tissue Biomedical Research Group, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom; Centre for Active Living, University Centre Shrewsbury, University of Chester, Guildhall, Frankwell Quay, Shrewsbury SY3 8HQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Griffen
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Science and Health Building, Whitefriars Street, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom; Human Metabolic Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Rd, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom
| | - M Duncan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Science and Health Building, Whitefriars Street, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Science and Health Building, Whitefriars Street, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom
| | - J Tallis
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Science and Health Building, Whitefriars Street, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Science and Health Building, Whitefriars Street, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom
| | - D Renshaw
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Science and Health Building, Whitefriars Street, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom
| | - J Hattersley
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Science and Health Building, Whitefriars Street, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, United Kingdom; Human Metabolic Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Rd, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom
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