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Pham P, Hilty C. R2 Relaxometry of SABRE-Hyperpolarized Substrates at a Low Magnetic Field. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16911-16917. [PMID: 37931028 PMCID: PMC10862376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry at a low magnetic field, in the milli-Tesla range or less, is enabled by signal enhancements through hyperpolarization. The parahydrogen-based method of signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) provides large signals in a dilute liquid for the measurement of R2 relaxation using a single-scan Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) experiment. A comparison of relaxation rates obtained at high and low fields indicates that an otherwise dominant contribution from chemical exchange is excluded in this low-field range. The SABRE process itself is based on exchange between the free and polarization transfer catalyst-bound forms of the substrate. At a high magnetic field of 9.4 T, typical conditions for producing hyperpolarization including 5 mM 5-fluoropyridine-3-carboximidamide as a substrate and 0.5 mM chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)[4,5-dimethyl-1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]iridium(I) as a polarization transfer catalyst precursor resulted in an R2 relaxation rate as high as 3.38 s-1. This relaxation was reduced to 1.19 s-1 at 0.85 mT. A quantitative analysis of relaxation rates and line shapes indicates that milli-Tesla or lower magnetic fields are required to eliminate the exchange contribution. At this magnetic field strength, R2 relaxation rates are indicative primarily of molecular properties. R2 relaxometry may be used for investigating molecular interactions and dynamics. The SABRE hyperpolarization, which provides signal enhancements without requiring a high magnetic field or large instrumentation, is ideally suited to enable these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Pham
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Christian Hilty
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Pham P, Hilty C. Biomolecular interactions studied by low-field NMR using SABRE hyperpolarization. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10258-10263. [PMID: 37772094 PMCID: PMC10530938 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that low-field nuclear magnetic resonance provides a means for measuring biomacromolecular interactions without requiring a superconducting, or even a permanent magnet. A small molecule, 5-fluoropyridine-3-carboximidamide, is designed to be a specific ligand for the trypsin protein, while containing a fluorine atom as a nuclear spin hyperpolarizable label. With hyperpolarization by the parahydrogen based signal amplification by the reversible exchange method, fluorine NMR signals are detectable in the measurement field of 0.85 mT of an electromagnet, at a concentration of less than 100 μM. As a weak ligand for the protein, the hyperpolarized molecule can serve as a reporter for measuring the binding of other ligands of interest, illustrated by the determination of the dissociation constant KD of benzamidine from changes in the observed R2 relaxation rates. A signal enhancement of more than 106 compared to Boltzmann polarization at the measurement field indicates that this experiment is not feasible without prepolarization. The extended magnetic field range for the measurement of biomolecular interactions under near physiological conditions, with a protein concentration on the order of 10 μM or less, provides a new option for screening of ligand binding, measurement of protein-protein interactions, and measurement of molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Christian Hilty
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
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Pham P, Mandal R, Qi C, Hilty C. Interfacing Liquid State Hyperpolarization Methods with NMR Instrumentation. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE OPEN 2022; 10-11:100052. [PMID: 35530721 PMCID: PMC9070690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in liquid state hyperpolarization methods have enabled new applications of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. Utilizing strong signal enhancements from hyperpolarization allows performing NMR spectroscopy at low concentration, or with high time resolution. Making use of the high, but rapidly decaying hyperpolarization in the liquid state requires new techniques to interface hyperpolarization equipment with liquid state NMR spectrometers. This article highlights rapid injection, high resolution NMR spectroscopy with hyperpolarization produced by the techniques of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) and para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP). These are popular, albeit not the only methods to produce high polarization levels for liquid samples. Gas and liquid driven sample injection techniques are compatible with both of these hyperpolarization methods. The rapid sample injection techniques are combined with adapted NMR experiments working in a single, or small number of scans. They expand the application of liquid state hyperpolarization to spins with comparably short relaxation times, provide enhanced control over sample conditions, and allow for mixing experiments to study reactions in real time.
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Zhu Y, Hilty C, Savukov I. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Nuclear Spin Optical Rotation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8823-8826. [PMID: 33462963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear spin optical rotation (NSOR) has been investigated as a magneto-optical effect, which holds the potential for applications, including hybrid optical-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gradientless imaging. The intrinsic nature of NSOR renders its detection relatively insensitive, which has prevented it moving from a proof of concept to a method supporting chemical characterizations. In this work, the dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization technique is introduced to provide nuclear spin polarization, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by several thousand times. NSOR signals of 1 H and 19 F nuclei are observed in a single scan for diluted compounds, which has made this effect suitable for the determination of electronic transitions from a specific nucleus in a large molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Christian Hilty
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Igor Savukov
- New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W. Jemez Rd, Suite 301, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
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Zhu Y, Hilty C, Savukov I. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Nuclear Spin Optical Rotation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Chemistry Department Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU College Station TX USA
| | - Christian Hilty
- Chemistry Department Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU College Station TX USA
| | - Igor Savukov
- New Mexico Consortium 4200 W. Jemez Rd, Suite 301 Los Alamos NM 87544 USA
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Wang S, Freud LR, Detterich J, Moon-Grady AJ, Donofrio MT, Jaeggi ET, Szwast AL, Morris SA, Kavanaugh-Mchugh A, Howley LW, van der Velde ME, Cuneo BF, Phoon CK, Tworetzky W, Pruetz JD. Extracardiac Doppler indices predict perinatal mortality in fetuses with Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve dysplasia. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:332-340. [PMID: 33242215 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve dysplasia (EA/TVD) carry high perinatal mortality. Past studies have focused on cardiac predictors of mortality; we sought to describe the fetal echo (FE) extracardiac Dopplers in this cohort and determine their association with perinatal mortality. METHOD Fetuses with EA/TVD at 23 centers from 2005-2011 were included for retrospective study. Doppler pattern and velocity of the umbilical artery (UA), umbilical vein (UV), ductus venosus (DV), and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were collected. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed. The primary outcome measure was perinatal mortality, defined as fetal demise or neonatal death. RESULTS Of 190 cases that met eligibility criteria, alterations were seen in 50% of UA, 16% of UV, 48% of DV, and 8% of MCA Doppler indices on the last FE (median 27.4 weeks). Independent predictors of perinatal mortality included abnormal UA Doppler pattern of absence or reversed end diastolic flow (OR 9.7) and UV velocity z score <1 (OR 2.5), in addition to diagnosis <32 weeks (OR 4.2) and tricuspid valve (TV) annulus z score ≥6 (OR 5.3). CONCLUSION Abnormal UA Doppler pattern and decreased UV velocity are independent predictors of perinatal mortality in EA/TVD fetuses and should be used to refine mortality risk and guide perinatal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lindsay R Freud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jon Detterich
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anita J Moon-Grady
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary T Donofrio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Edgar T Jaeggi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita L Szwast
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaine A Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ann Kavanaugh-Mchugh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa W Howley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Heart Clinic and Children's Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mary E van der Velde
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bettina F Cuneo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Heart Clinic and Children's Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Colin K Phoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wayne Tworetzky
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jay D Pruetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract
Experimental screening for protein-ligand interactions is a central task in drug discovery. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy enables the determination of binding affinities, as well as the measurement of structural and dynamic parameters governing the interaction. With traditional liquid-state NMR relying on a nuclear spin polarization on the order of 10-5, hyperpolarization methods such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) can increase signals by several orders of magnitude. The resulting increase in sensitivity has the potential to reduce requirements for the concentration of protein and ligands, improve the accuracy of the detection of interaction by allowing the use of near-stoichiometric conditions, and increase throughput. This chapter introduces a selection of basic techniques for the application of D-DNP to screening. Procedures for hyperpolarization are briefly reviewed, followed by the description of NMR methods for detection of binding through changes in chemical shift and relaxation parameters. Experiments employing competitive binding with a known ligand are shown, which can be used to determine binding affinity or yield structural information on the pharmacophore. The specific challenges of working with nonrenewable hyperpolarization are reviewed, and solutions including the use of multiplexed NMR detection are described. Altogether, the methods summarized in this chapter are intended to allow for the efficient detection of binding affinity, structure, and dynamics facilitated through substantial signal enhancements provided by hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaewon Kim
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christian Hilty
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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King JN, Fallorina A, Yu J, Zhang G, Telkki VV, Hilty C, Meldrum T. Probing molecular dynamics with hyperpolarized ultrafast Laplace NMR using a low-field, single-sided magnet. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6143-6149. [PMID: 30090302 PMCID: PMC6053973 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01329b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Laplace NMR (LNMR) offers deep insights on diffusional and rotational motion of molecules. The so-called "ultrafast" approach, based on spatial data encoding, enables one to carry out a multidimensional LNMR experiment in a single scan, providing from 10 to 1000-fold acceleration of the experiment. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of ultrafast diffusion-T2 relaxation correlation (D-T2) measurements with a mobile, low-field, relatively low-cost, single-sided NMR magnet. We show that the method can probe a broad range of diffusion coefficients (at least from 10-8 to 10-12 m2 s-1) and reveal multiple components of fluids in heterogeneous materials. The single-scan approach is demonstrably compatible with nuclear spin hyperpolarization techniques because the time-consuming hyperpolarization process does not need to be repeated. Using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), we improved the NMR sensitivity of water molecules by a factor of 105 relative to non-hyperpolarized NMR in the 0.3 T field of the single-sided magnet. This enabled us to acquire a D-T2 map in a single, 22 ms scan, despite the low field and relatively low mole fraction (0.003) of hyperpolarized water. Consequently, low-field, hyperpolarized ultrafast LNMR offers significant prospects for advanced, mobile, low-cost and high-sensitivity chemical and medical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared N King
- Department of Chemistry , The College of William & Mary , Williamsburg , Virginia 23187-8795 , USA .
| | - Alfredo Fallorina
- Department of Chemistry , The College of William & Mary , Williamsburg , Virginia 23187-8795 , USA .
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Chemistry , The College of William & Mary , Williamsburg , Virginia 23187-8795 , USA .
| | - Guannan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , Texas 77843 , USA
| | - Ville-Veikko Telkki
- NMR Research Unit , Faculty of Science , University of Oulu , 90014 Oulu , Finland
| | - Christian Hilty
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , Texas 77843 , USA
| | - Tyler Meldrum
- Department of Chemistry , The College of William & Mary , Williamsburg , Virginia 23187-8795 , USA .
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Zhu Y, Gao Y, Rodocker S, Savukov I, Hilty C. Multinuclear Detection of Nuclear Spin Optical Rotation at Low Field. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3323-3327. [PMID: 29787279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the multinuclear detection of nuclear spin optical rotation (NSOR), an effect dependent on the hyperfine interaction between nuclear spins and electrons. Signals of 1H and 19F are discriminated by frequency in a single spectrum acquired at sub-millitesla field. The simultaneously acquired optical signal along with the nuclear magnetic resonance signal allows the calculation of the relative magnitude of the NSOR constants corresponding to different nuclei within the sample molecules. This is illustrated by a larger NSOR signal measured at the 19F frequency despite a smaller corresponding spin concentration. Second, it is shown that heteronuclear J-coupling is observable in the NSOR signal, which can be used to retrieve chemical information. Multinuclear frequency and J resolution can localize optical signals in the molecule. Properties of electronic states at multiple sites in a molecule may therefore ultimately be determined by frequency-resolved NSOR spectroscopy at low field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Chemistry Department , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Yuheng Gao
- Chemistry Department , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Shane Rodocker
- Chemistry Department , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Igor Savukov
- New Mexico Consortium , 100 Entrada Drive , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87544 , United States
| | - Christian Hilty
- Chemistry Department , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
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In-Vitro Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization for Sensitivity Enhancement of NMR with Biological Molecules. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2017; 1688:155-168. [PMID: 29151209 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7386-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) is a technique to prepare hyperpolarized nuclear spin states, yielding a signal enhancement of several orders of magnitude for liquid-state NMR. Here, we describe experimental procedures for the application of D-DNP in high-resolution NMR of biochemical compounds, to determine the time evolution of biochemical processes and intermolecular interactions.
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Coffey AM, Feldman MA, Shchepin RV, Barskiy DA, Truong ML, Pham W, Chekmenev EY. High-resolution hyperpolarized in vivo metabolic 13C spectroscopy at low magnetic field (48.7mT) following murine tail-vein injection. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 281:246-252. [PMID: 28651245 PMCID: PMC5544012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy of hyperpolarized succinate-1-13C-2,3-d2 is reported in vitro and in vivo using a clinical-scale, biplanar (80cm-gap) 48.7mT permanent magnet with a high homogeneity magnetic field. Non-localized 13C NMR spectra were recorded at 0.52MHz resonance frequency over the torso of a tumor-bearing mouse every 2s. Hyperpolarized 13C NMR signals with linewidths of ∼3Hz (corresponding to ∼6ppm) were recorded in vitro (2mL in a syringe) and in vivo (over a mouse torso). Comparison of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) for 13C NMR spectra acquired at 48.7mT and at 4.7T in a small-animal MRI scanner demonstrates a factor of ∼12 improvement for the 13C resonance linewidth attainable at 48.7mT compared to that at 4.7T in vitro. 13C hyperpolarized succinate-1-13C resonance linewidths in vivo are at least one order of magnitude narrower at 48.7mT compared to those observed in high-field (≥3T) studies employing HP contrast agents. The demonstrated high-resolution 13C in vivo spectroscopy could be useful for high-sensitivity spectroscopic studies involving monitoring HP agent uptake or detecting metabolism using HP contrast agents with sufficiently large 13C chemical shift differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States.
| | - Matthew A Feldman
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Danila A Barskiy
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Milton L Truong
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Wellington Pham
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Shchepin RV, Barskiy DA, Coffey AM, Feldman MA, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Kovtunov KV, Goodson BM, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Robust Imidazole‐
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N
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Synthesis for High‐Resolution Low‐Field (0.05 T)
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N Hyperpolarized NMR Spectroscopy. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Physics and Astronomy Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
| | - Danila A. Barskiy
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Physics and Astronomy Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
| | - Aaron M. Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Physics and Astronomy Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
| | - Matthew A. Feldman
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Physics and Astronomy Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
| | - Larisa M. Kovtunova
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova St. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Valerii I. Bukhtiyarov
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova St. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova St. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging International Tomography Center (ITC), SB RAS 3 A Institutskaya St. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Materials Technology Center Carbondale IL 62901 United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova St. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging International Tomography Center (ITC), SB RAS 3 A Institutskaya St. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Physics and Astronomy Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences Leninskiy Prospekt 14 119991 Moscow Russia
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Blümich B. Virtual special issue: Magnetic resonance at low fields. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 274:145-147. [PMID: 27742163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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