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Yan Z, Zhao P, Yan X, Zhang R. Using Abundant 1H Polarization to Enhance the Sensitivity of Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1866-1878. [PMID: 38343090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy has been playing a significant role in elucidating the structures and dynamics of materials and proteins at the atomic level for decades. As an extremely abundant nucleus with a very high gyromagnetic ratio, protons are widely present in most organic/inorganic materials. Thus, this Perspective highlights the advantages of proton detection at fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) and presents strategies to utilize and exhaust 1H polarization to achieve signal sensitivity enhancement of solid-state NMR spectroscopy, enabling substantial time savings and extraction of more structural and dynamics information per unit time. Those strategies include developing sensitivity-enhanced single-channel 1H multidimensional NMR spectroscopy, implementing multiple polarization transfer steps in each scan to enhance low-γ nuclei signals, and making full use of 1H polarization to obtain homonuclear and heteronuclear chemical shift correlation spectra in a single experiment. Finally, outlooks and perspectives are provided regarding the challenges and future for the further development of sensitivity-enhanced proton-based solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter (SESM), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Peizhi Zhao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter (SESM), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter (SESM), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Rongchun Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter (SESM), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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Klimavicius V, Maršalka A, Kizalaite A, Zarkov A, Kareiva A, Aidas K, Hirschinger J, Balevicius V. Step-by-step from amorphous phosphate to nano-structured calcium hydroxyapatite: monitoring by solid-state 1H and 31P NMR and spin dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18952-18965. [PMID: 35916288 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02108k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solid-state 1H, 31P NMR spectra and cross-polarization (CP MAS) kinetics in the series of samples containing amorphous phosphate phase (AMP), composite of AMP + nano-structured calcium hydroxyapatite (nano-CaHA) and high-crystalline nano-CaHA were studied under moderate spinning rates (5-30 kHz). The combined analysis of the solid-state 1H and 31P NMR spectra provides the possibility to determine the hydration numbers of the components and the phase composition index. A broad set of spin dynamics models (isotropic/anisotropic, relaxing/non-relaxing, secular/semi-non-secular) was applied and fitted to the experimental CP MAS data. The anisotropic model with the angular averaging of dipolar coupling was applied for AMP and nano-CaHA for the first time. It was deduced that the spin diffusion in AMP is close to isotropic, whereas it is highly anisotropic in nano-CaHA being close to the Ising-type. This can be caused by the different number of internuclear interactions that must be explicitly considered in the spin system for AMP (I-S spin pair) and nano-CaHA (IN-S spin system with N ≥ 2). The P-H distance in nano-CaHA was found to be significantly shorter than its crystallographic value. An underestimation can be caused by several factors, among those - proton conductivity via a large-amplitude motion of protons (O-H tumbling and the short-range diffusion) that occurs along OH- chains. The P-H distance deduced for AMP, i.e. the compound with HPO42- as the dominant structure, is fairly well matched to the crystallographic data. This means that the CP MAS kinetics is a capable technique to obtain complementary information on the proton localization in H-bonds and the proton transfer in the cases where traditional structure determination methods fail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arūnas Maršalka
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Agne Kizalaite
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aleksej Zarkov
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aivaras Kareiva
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Aidas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Jérôme Hirschinger
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vytautas Balevicius
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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3
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Klimavicius V, Dagys L, Klimkevičius V, Lengvinaitė D, Aidas K, Balčiu Nas S, Banys J, Chizhik V, Balevicius V. Solid-State NMR and Impedance Spectroscopy Study of Spin Dynamics in Proton-Conducting Polymers: An Application of Anisotropic Relaxing Model. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12592-12602. [PMID: 34748346 PMCID: PMC8607415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
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The 1H–13C cross-polarization (CP)
kinetics in poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride]
(PMETAC) was studied under moderate (10 kHz) magic-angle spinning
(MAS). To elucidate the role of adsorbed water in spin diffusion and
proton conductivity, PMETAC was degassed under vacuum. The CP MAS
results were processed by applying the anisotropic Naito and McDowell
spin dynamics model, which includes the complete scheme of the rotating
frame spin–lattice relaxation pathways. Some earlier studied
proton-conducting and nonconducting polymers were added to the analysis
in order to prove the capability of the used approach and to get more
general conclusions. The spin-diffusion rate constant, which describes
the damping of the coherences, was found to be strongly depending
on the dipolar I–S coupling constant (DIS). The spin diffusion, associated with the incoherent thermal
equilibration with the bath, was found to be most probably independent
of DIS. It was deduced that the drying
scarcely influences the spin-diffusion rates; however, it significantly
(1 order of magnitude) reduces the rotating frame spin–lattice
relaxation times. The drying causes the polymer hardening that reflects
the changes of the local order parameters. The impedance spectroscopy
was applied to study proton conductivity. The activation energies
for dielectric relaxation and proton conductivity were determined,
and the vehicle-type conductivity mechanism was accepted. The spin-diffusion
processes occur on the microsecond scale and are one order faster
than the dielectric relaxation. The possibility to determine the proton
location in the H-bonded structures in powders using CP MAS technique
is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurynas Dagys
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, U.K
| | | | - Dovilė Lengvinaitė
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Aidas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sergejus Balčiu Nas
- Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juras Banys
- Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vladimir Chizhik
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vytautas Balevicius
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Dagys L, Klimkevičius V, Klimavicius V, Balčiūnas S, Banys J, Balevicius V. Cross‐polarization with magic‐angle spinning kinetics and impedance spectroscopy study of proton mobility, local disorder, and thermal equilibration in
hydrogen‐bonded
poly(methacrylic acid). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Dagys
- Institute of Chemical Physics Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- Department of Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | | | - Vytautas Klimavicius
- Institute of Chemical Physics Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- Eduard‐Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry University of Technology Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sergejus Balčiūnas
- Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Jūras Banys
- Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
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Raya J, Bianco A, Hirschinger J. Kinetics of 1H- 13C multiple-contact cross-polarization as a powerful tool to determine the structure and dynamics of complex materials: application to graphene oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12209-12227. [PMID: 32432267 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00454e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hartmann-Hahn cross-polarization (HHCP) is the most widely used solid-state NMR technique to enhance the magnetization of dilute spins from abundant spins. Furthermore, as the kinetics of CP depends on dipolar interactions, it contains valuable information on molecular structure and dynamics. In this work, analytical solutions are derived for the kinetics of HHCP and multiple-contact CP (MC-CP) using both classical and non-classical spin-coupling models including the effects of molecular dynamics and several 1H, 13C relaxation and 1H-13C CP experiments are performed in graphene oxide (GO). HHCP is found to be inefficient in our GO sample due to very fast 1H T1ρ relaxation. By contrast, the MC-CP technique which alleviates most of the magnetization loss by 1H T1ρ relaxation leads to a much larger polarization transfer efficiency reducing the measuring time by an order of magnitude. A detailed analysis of the HHCP and MC-CP kinetics indicates the existence of at least two different kinds of hydroxyl (C-OH) functional groups in GO, the major fraction (∼90%) of these groups being in the unusual "slow CP regime" in which the rate of 1H T1ρ relaxation is fast compared to the rate of cross-polarization. This 13C signal component is attributed to mobile C-OH groups interacting preferentially with fast-relaxing water molecules while the remaining carbons (∼10%) in the usual "fast CP regime" are assigned to C-OH groups involved in hydrogen bonding with neighboring hydroxyl and/or epoxy groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jésus Raya
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Dagys L, Klimkevičius V, Klimavicius V, Aidas K, Makuška R, Balevicius V. CP MAS kinetics in soft matter: Spin diffusion, local disorder and thermal equilibration in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2020; 105:101641. [PMID: 31887667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The 1H-13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning kinetics was studied in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), i.e. a soft material with high degrees of internal freedom and molecular disorder, having the purpose to track the influence of increasing local incoherent contributions to the effects of coherent nature in the open quantum spin systems. The experimental CP MAS kinetic curves were analyzed in the frame of the models of isotropic and anisotropic spin diffusion with thermal equilibration. The rates of spin diffusion and spin-lattice relaxation as well as the profiles of distribution of dipolar coupling, the parameters accounting the effective size of spin clusters and the local order parameters were determined. The intensities of the peaks of periodic quasi-equilibrium origin gradually decrease with increasing disorder, i.e. going from most ordered to more disordered sites in the polymer. Assuming that the thermal motion induced by the temperature gradients is much faster than the equilibration driven by spin diffusion due the difference in spin temperatures, it was deduced that the thermal equilibration in pHEMA occurs in the time scale of 10-4 s. This is one order of magnitude faster than the spectral spin diffusion, which occurs between spins having different resonance frequencies. The thermal equilibration in the case of remote spin clusters was described by the 'stretched exponent' decay. This led to the fractal dimension Dp ≈ 1.65 for both carbon sites (quaternary and carbonyl). The obtained Dp value corresponds to the aggregates, which images are very similar to those for pHEMA and some other related polymer structures are usually conceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Dagys
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Vytautas Klimavicius
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania; Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, University of Technology Darmstadt, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kęstutis Aidas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ričardas Makuška
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Balevicius
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Yan C, Kayser F, Dieden R. Sensitivity enhancement via multiple contacts in the {1H–29Si}–1H cross polarization experiment: a case study of modified silica nanoparticle surfaces. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23016-23023. [PMID: 35520326 PMCID: PMC9054631 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04995f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
{1H–29Si}–1H double cross polarization inverse detection (DCPi) solid-state NMR, has recently been shown to be a powerful tool for studying molecules adsorbed on the silica surface. In this contribution, we develop an improved version (MCPi) which incorporates a block of multiple contact pulses, and quantitatively compare the sensitivities of MCPi and DCPi over a typical range of experimental parameters. The MCPi pulse sequence aims at higher sensitivity and robustness for studying samples with various relaxation characteristics. In the case of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) molecules adsorbed on the silica surface, MCPi performs equally well or up to 2.5 times better than DCPi over a wide range of parameters. The applicability to and performance of MCPi on composite materials was demonstrated using a sample of polymer–silica composite, where significantly higher sensitivity could be achieved at very long total mixing times. The results also showed that both techniques are surface specific in the sense that only the groups close to the surface can be detected. In this paper we demonstrate {1H–29Si}–1H multiple cross polarization inverse detection (MCPi) solid state NMR as a robust technique for studying modified silica nanoparticle surfaces.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Yan
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology
- Department of “Materials Research and Technology”
- L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette
- Luxembourg
- University of Luxembourg
| | - François Kayser
- Goodyear Innovation Center Luxembourg
- L-7750 Colmar-Berg
- Luxembourg
| | - Reiner Dieden
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology
- Department of “Materials Research and Technology”
- L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette
- Luxembourg
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Dagys L, Klimavicius V, Gutmann T, Buntkowsky G, Balevicius V. Quasi-Equilibria and Polarization Transfer Between Adjacent and Remote Spins: 1H- 13C CP MAS Kinetics in Glycine. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8938-8947. [PMID: 30354129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 1H-13C CP MAS kinetic curves were measured in glycine powder sample at the MAS rates of 7, 10, and 12 kHz. Each experimental curve contained up to 1000 equidistant points over the whole contact time range of 10 μs - 10 ms. The CP kinetic data for CH2 group, i.e., for the system containing adjacent 1H-13C spin pairs with a definite dominant dipolar coupling can be described in the frame of the isotropic spin-diffusion approach. The local order parameter ⟨ S⟩ ≈ 1.0, determined as the ratio of the measured dipolar 1H-13C coupling constant and the calculated static dipolar coupling constant, is very close to the values deduced in series of other amino acids. The strong narrow peaks observed in the spin coupling spectrum at multiples of the MAS frequency can be considered as the confirmation that the periodic quasi-equilibrium state can appear also in the powder samples. The anisotropic spin-diffusion approach improved by the introducing of the thermal equilibration in the proton bath is the most proper model to describe the CP kinetics in the system containing remote spins. Very realistic values of the spin-cluster size ( N) have been obtained without any constraint on the flow of the nonlinear curve fitting. The finite values of N ≤ 4 means that CP transfer is located within one glycine molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Dagys
- Institute of Chemical Physics , Vilnius University , Sauletekio av. 3 , LT-10257 Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Klimavicius
- Institute of Chemical Physics , Vilnius University , Sauletekio av. 3 , LT-10257 Vilnius , Lithuania.,Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , University of Technology Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , University of Technology Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , University of Technology Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Vytautas Balevicius
- Institute of Chemical Physics , Vilnius University , Sauletekio av. 3 , LT-10257 Vilnius , Lithuania
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Duong NT, Yarava JR, Trébosc J, Nishiyama Y, Amoureux JP. Forcing the 'lazy' protons to work. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25829-25840. [PMID: 30285019 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03601b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The combination of cross-polarization (CP) with flip-back (FB) pulse has enabled in NMR the enhancement of 13C sensitivity and the decrease of the recycling delay at both moderate and fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) frequencies. However, only continuous-wave (CW) decoupling is presently compatible with FB-pulse (FB-CW), and depending on the CW radio-frequency (rf) field, either an insignificant sensitivity gain or an acquisition time-dependent gain and a low 13C resolution are obtained. In this study, we propose a new FB-pulse method in which radio frequency-driven recoupling (RFDR) is used as the 1H-13C decoupling scheme to overcome these drawbacks. The performances of FB-RFDR in terms of decoupling efficiency and sensitivity gain are tested on both natural abundance (NA) and uniformly 13C-15N labeled l-histidine·HCl·H2O (Hist) samples at a MAS frequency of νR = 70 kHz. The results show the superiority of RFDR over the CW decoupling with respect to these criteria. Importantly, they reveal that the sensitivity gain offered by FB-RFDR is nearly independent of the decoupling/acquisition duration. The application of FB-RFDR on NA-Hist and sucrose yields a sensitivity gain between 60 and 100% compared to conventional FB-CW and CPMAS-SPINAL experiments. Moreover, we compare the 13C sensitivities of NA-Hist obtained by our 1D FB-RFDR method and 2D 1H-{13C} double-CP acquisition. Both methods provide similar 13C sensitivity and are complementary. Indeed, the 2D method has the advantage of also providing the 1H-13C spatial proximities, but its sensitivity for quaternary carbons is limited; whereas our 1D FB-RFDR method is more independent of the type of carbon, and can provide a 13C 1D spectrum in a shorter experimental time. We also test the feasibility of FB-RFDR at a moderate frequency of νR = 20 kHz, but the experimental results demonstrate a poor resolution as well as a negligible sensitivity gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia Tuan Duong
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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