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Selby W, Garland P, Mastikhin I. A simple portable magnetic resonance technique for characterizing circular couette flow of non-Newtonian fluids. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2022; 345:107325. [PMID: 36370547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we expand on past portable magnetic resonance flow methods and propose a novel method for characterizing circular (laminar) Couette flow of non-Newtonian fluids. Symmetry of the flow system combined with a constant magnetic field gradient leads to phase interference, affecting the signal magnitude, and net phase cancellation when averaging across the excited slice, preventing the use of phase-sensitive methods. Therefore, we utilize the dependence of signal magnitude at variable echo times and shear rates to characterize rheological properties. Theoretical equations governing the velocity distributions of fluids that obey a simple power-law model are used to obtain integral expressions for signal magnitude. Integral expressions can be simplified by approximating a thin excited slice or complete excitation of the Couette cell depending on experimental parameters. With simple data acquisition and analysis procedures employed, our measurements of the flow behavior indices of non-Newtonian xanthan gum dispersions are in close agreement with conventional rheological magnetic resonance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Selby
- MRI Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, 8 Bailey Drive, Fredericton E3B 5A3, NB, Canada
| | - Phil Garland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 15 Dineen Drive, Fredericton E3B 5A3, NB, Canada
| | - Igor Mastikhin
- MRI Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, 8 Bailey Drive, Fredericton E3B 5A3, NB, Canada.
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Kaysan G, Schork N, Herberger S, Guthausen G, Kind M. Contact-mediated nucleation in melt emulsions investigated by rheo-nuclear magnetic resonance. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:615-627. [PMID: 34700357 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of disperse phase crystallization is of great interest for melt emulsion production as the fraction of solidified droplets determines product quality and stability. Nucleation events must appear within every single one of the μm-sized droplets for solidification. Therefore, primary crystallization requires high subcooling and is, thus, time and energy consuming. Contact-mediated nucleation is a mechanism for intensifying the crystallization process. It is defined as the successful nucleation of a subcooled liquid droplet induced by contact with an already crystallized droplet. We investigated contact-mediated nucleation under shear flow conditions up to shear rates of 457 s-1 for a quantitative assessment of this mechanism. Rheo-nuclear magnetic resonance was successfully used for the time-resolved determination of the solids fraction of the dispersed phase of melt emulsions upon contact-mediated nucleation events. The measurements were carried out in a dedicated Taylor-Couette cell. The efficiency of contact-mediated nucleation λsec decreased with increasing shear rate, whereas the effective second order kinetic constant kcoll,eff increased approximately linearly at small shear rates and showed a linear decrease for shear rates higher than about 200 s-1 . These findings are in accordance with coalescence theory. Thus, the nucleation rate is optimal at specific flow conditions. There are limitations for successful inoculation at a low shear rate because of rare contact events and at a high shear rate due to too short contact time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Kaysan
- Institute for Thermal Process Engineering, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schork
- Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Gisela Guthausen
- Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Engler-Bunte Institute, Water Science and Technology, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias Kind
- Institute for Thermal Process Engineering, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Nikolaeva T, Vergeldt FJ, Serial R, Dijksman JA, Venema P, Voda A, van Duynhoven J, Van As H. High Field MicroMRI Velocimetric Measurement of Quantitative Local Flow Curves. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4193-4200. [PMID: 32052954 PMCID: PMC7081226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Performing
rheo-microMRI velocimetry at a high magnetic field with
strong pulsed field gradients has clear advantages in terms of (chemical)
sensitivity and resolution in velocities, time, and space. To benefit
from these advantages, some artifacts need to be minimized. Significant
sources of such artifacts are chemical shift dispersion due to the
high magnetic field, eddy currents caused by the pulsed magnetic field
gradients, and possible mechanical instabilities in concentric cylinder
(CC) rheo-cells. These, in particular, hamper quantitative assessment
of spatially resolved velocity profiles needed to construct local
flow curves (LFCs) in CC geometries with millimeter gap sizes. A major
improvement was achieved by chemical shift selective suppression of
signals that are spectroscopically different from the signal of interest.
By also accounting for imperfections in pulsed field gradients, LFCs
were obtained that were virtually free of artifacts. The approach
to obtain quantitative LFCs in millimeter gap CC rheo-MRI cells was
validated for Newtonian and simple yield stress fluids, which both
showed quantitative agreement between local and global flow curves.
No systematic effects of gap size and rotational velocity on the viscosity
of a Newtonian fluid and yield stress of a complex fluid could be
observed. The acquisition of LFCs during heterogeneous and transient
flow of fat crystal dispersion demonstrated that local constitutive
laws can be assessed by rheo-microMRI at a high magnetic field in
a noninvasive, quantitative, and real-time manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Nikolaeva
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,MAGNEFY, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Vergeldt
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,MAGNEFY, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Serial
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,MAGNEFY, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Venema
- Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Voda
- Unilever Food Innovation Centre, OBronland 14, 6708 WH , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John van Duynhoven
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Unilever Food Innovation Centre, OBronland 14, 6708 WH , Wageningen, The Netherlands.,MAGNEFY, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Van As
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,MAGNEFY, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE , Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Serial MR, Nikolaeva T, Vergeldt FJ, van Duynhoven J, van As H. Selective oil-phase rheo-MRI velocity profiles to monitor heterogeneous flow behavior of oil/water food emulsions. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2019; 57:766-770. [PMID: 30515894 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Serial
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatiana Nikolaeva
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Vergeldt
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John van Duynhoven
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Advanced Measurement and Imaging Department, Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van As
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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