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Kumar A, Watbled B, Baussanne I, Hediger S, Demeunynck M, De Paëpe G. Optimizing chemistry at the surface of prodrug-loaded cellulose nanofibrils with MAS-DNP. Commun Chem 2023; 6:58. [PMID: 36977767 PMCID: PMC10049993 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the surface chemistry of functionalized cellulose nanofibrils at atomic scale is an ongoing challenge, mainly because FT-IR, NMR, XPS and RAMAN spectroscopy are limited in sensitivity or resolution. Herein, we show that dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced 13C and 15N solid-state NMR is a uniquely suited technique to optimize the drug loading on nanocellulose using aqueous heterogenous chemistry. We compare the efficiency of two conventional coupling agents (DMTMM vs EDC/NHS) to bind a complex prodrug of ciprofloxacin designed for controlled drug release. Besides quantifying the drug grafting, we also evidence the challenge to control the concurrent prodrug adsorption and to optimize washing procedures. We notably highlight the presence of an unexpected prodrug cleavage mechanism triggered by carboxylates at the surface of the cellulose nanofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kumar
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-MEM, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Sabine Hediger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-MEM, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Gaël De Paëpe
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-MEM, Grenoble, France.
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2
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Morales-Melgares A, Casar Z, Moutzouri P, Venkatesh A, Cordova M, Kunhi Mohamed A, Scrivener KL, Bowen P, Emsley L. Atomic-Level Structure of Zinc-Modified Cementitious Calcium Silicate Hydrate. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22915-22924. [PMID: 36508687 PMCID: PMC9782795 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been demonstrated that the addition of zinc can enhance the mechanical strength of tricalcium silicates (C3S) upon hydration, but the structure of the main hydration product of cement, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), in zinc-modified formulations remains unresolved. Here, we combine 29Si DNP-enhanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), density functional theory (DFT)-based chemical shift computations, and molecular dynamics (MD) modeling to determine the atomic-level structure of zinc-modified C-S-H. The structure contains two main new silicon species (Q(1,Zn) and Q(2p,Zn)) where zinc substitutes Q(1) silicon species in dimers and bridging Q(2b) silicon sites, respectively. Structures determined as a function of zinc content show that zinc promotes an increase in the dreierketten mean chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Morales-Melgares
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland,Laboratory
of Construction Materials, Institut des Matériaux, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ziga Casar
- Laboratory
of Construction Materials, Institut des Matériaux, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pinelopi Moutzouri
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amrit Venkatesh
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Cordova
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aslam Kunhi Mohamed
- Institute
for Building Materials, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic
Engineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8093Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karen L. Scrivener
- Laboratory
of Construction Materials, Institut des Matériaux, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland,
| | - Paul Bowen
- Laboratory
of Construction Materials, Institut des Matériaux, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland,
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015Lausanne, Switzerland,
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3
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Du Y, Su Y. 19F Solid-state NMR characterization of pharmaceutical solids. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 120:101796. [PMID: 35688018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR has been increasingly recognized as a high-resolution and versatile spectroscopic tool to characterize drug substances and products. However, the analysis of pharmaceutical materials is often carried out at natural isotopic abundance and a relatively low drug loading in multi-component systems and therefore suffers from challenges of low sensitivity. The fact that fluorinated therapeutics are well represented in pipeline drugs and commercial products offers an excellent opportunity to utilize fluorine as a molecular probe for pharmaceutical analysis. We aim to review recent advancements of 19F magic angle spinning NMR methods in modern drug research and development. Applications to polymorph screening at the micromolar level, structural elucidation, and investigation of molecular interactions at the Ångström to submicron resolution in drug delivery, stability, and quality will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, United States; Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, IN, 47907, United States; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
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4
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Mauel A, Pötzschner B, Meides N, Siegel R, Strohriegl P, Senker J. Quantification of photooxidative defects in weathered microplastics using 13C multiCP NMR spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10875-10885. [PMID: 35425044 PMCID: PMC8988274 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00470d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Weathering of microplastics made of commodity plastics like polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene introduces polar polymer defects as a result of photooxidation and mechanical stress. Thus, hydrophobic microplastic particles gradually become hydrophilic, consisting of polar oligomers with a significant amount of oxygen-bearing functional groups. This turnover continuously changes interactions between microplastics and natural colloidal matter. To be able to develop a better understanding of this complex weathering process, quantification of the corresponding defect proportions is a first and essential step. Using polystyrene, 13C enriched at the α position to 23%, we demonstrate that 13C cross polarisation (CP) NMR spectroscopy allows for probing the typical alcohol, peroxo, keto and carboxyl defects. Even the discrimination between in- and end-chain ketones, carboxylic acids and esters as well as ketal functions was possible. Combined with multiCP excitation, defect proportions could be determined with excellent accuracy down to 0.1%. For materials with 13C in natural abundance, this accounts for a detection limit of roughly 1%. The best trade-off between measurement time and accuracy for the quantification of the defect intensities for multiCP excitation was obtained for CP block lengths shorter than 250 μs and total build-up times longer than 2 ms. Further measurement time reduction is possible by using multiCP excitation to calibrate intensities obtained from series of 13C CP MAS NMR spectra. As photooxidation is an important degradation mechanism for microplastics in the environment, we expect these parameters to be transferable for probing defect proportions of weathered microplastics in general. We demonstrate an efficient strategy to characterise weathering-induced photooxidative defects in microplastics. The central 13C cross polarisation NMR spectra offer high resolution and are quantitative when combined with multiple excitation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Mauel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Björn Pötzschner
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Nora Meides
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Renée Siegel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Peter Strohriegl
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Jürgen Senker
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
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5
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Bertarello A, Berruyer P, Artelsmair M, Elmore CS, Heydarkhan-Hagvall S, Schade M, Chiarparin E, Schantz S, Emsley L. In-Cell Quantification of Drugs by Magic-Angle Spinning Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6734-6741. [PMID: 35385274 PMCID: PMC9026252 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The determination of intracellular drug concentrations can provide a better understanding of the drug function and efficacy. Ideally, this should be performed nondestructively, with no modification of either the drug or the target, and with the capability to detect low amounts of the molecule of interest, in many cases in the μM to nM range (pmol to fmol per million cells). Unfortunately, it is currently challenging to have an experimental technique that provides direct quantitative measurements of intracellular drug concentrations that simultaneously satisfies these requirements. Here, we show that magic-angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization (MAS DNP) can be used to fulfill these requirements. We apply a quantitative 15N MAS DNP approach in combination with 15N labeling to quantify the intracellular amount of the drug [15N]CHIR-98014, an activator of the Wingless and Int-1 signaling pathway, determining intracellular drug amounts in the range of tens to hundreds of picomoles per million cells. This is, to our knowledge, the first time that MAS DNP has been used to successfully estimate intracellular drug amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bertarello
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierrick Berruyer
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus Artelsmair
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sepideh Heydarkhan-Hagvall
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Markus Schade
- Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Staffan Schantz
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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