1
|
Delheimer MS, Moriarty KM, Munro HL, Early DA, Hamm KA, Green RE. Structural complexity characterizes fine‐scale forest conditions used by Pacific martens. J Wildl Manage 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Delheimer
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station 2480 Carson Road Placerville CA 95667 USA
| | - Katie M. Moriarty
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. 2438 NW Professional Drive Corvallis OR 97330 USA
| | - Holly L. Munro
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. 180 E Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
| | | | - Keith A. Hamm
- Green Diamond Resource Company PO Box 68 Korbel CA 95550 USA
| | - Rebecca E. Green
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station 2081 E. Sierra Avenue Fresno CA 93710 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Analysis of Prey Composition in Eurasian Reed Warblers’ Acrocephalus scirpaceus Droppings at Four Breeding Sites in Italy. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the among-populations diversity of prey composition in Eurasian Reed Warblers’ diets via their droppings, both to assess the ecological validity of this sampling method and to test whether the prey species most abundant in fecal samples were also the most present in the Italian study site. We collected fecal samples at four sites throughout Italy, for a total of 144 samples. Within reedbeds, the breeding habitat of the Eurasian Reed Warbler, we also collected arthropods by carrying out entomological sweepings at one of the study sites. Within the fecal samples, we identified dozens of prey species, belonging mainly to Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Aphidoidea taxa, whose compositions were not statistically different among sites. The commonest prey species were Coleoptera in the droppings (68.5%) and Diptera in the reedbeds (31.3%), although the latter was less numerous in the fecal samples. The diets of different Italian populations of Eurasian Reed Warbler emerging from our study underline a strong Coleopteran presence, without differences across Italy. Fecal samples appear to be an exhaustive method to study variation in Eurasian Reed Warbler diet and its ecological importance; however, although potential caveats do exist, such as the possible under-representation of Diptera.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cioccarelli S, Terras A, Assandri G, Berlusconi A, Grattini N, Mercogliano A, Pazhera A, Sbrilli A, Cecere JG, Rubolini D, Morganti M. Vegetation height and structure drive foraging habitat selection of the lesser kestrel ( Falco naumanni) in intensive agricultural landscapes. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13979. [PMID: 36221268 PMCID: PMC9548312 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat selection in animals is a fundamental ecological process with key conservation implications. Assessing habitat selection in endangered species and populations occupying the extreme edges of their distribution range, or living in highly anthropized landscapes, may be of particular interest as it may provide hints to mechanisms promoting potential range expansions. We assessed second- and third-order foraging habitat selection in the northernmost European breeding population of the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni), a migratory falcon of European conservation interest, by integrating results obtained from 411 direct observations with those gathered from nine GPS-tracked individuals. The study population breeds in the intensively cultivated Po Plain (northern Italy). Direct observations and GPS data coincide in showing that foraging lesser kestrels shifted their habitat preferences through the breeding cycle. They positively selected alfalfa and other non-irrigated crops during the early breeding season, while winter cereals were selected during the nestling-rearing phase. Maize was selected during the early breeding season, after sowing, but significantly avoided later. Overall, vegetation height emerged as the main predictor of foraging habitat selection, with birds preferring short vegetation, which is likely to maximise prey accessibility. Such a flexibility in foraging habitat selection according to spatio-temporal variation in the agricultural landscape determined by local crop management practices may have allowed the species to successfully thrive in one of the most intensively cultivated areas of Europe. In the southeastern Po Plain, the broad extent of hay and non-irrigated crops is possibly functioning as a surrogate habitat for the pseudo-steppe environment where most of the European breeding population is settled, fostering the northward expansion of the species in Europe. In intensive agricultural landscapes, the maintenance of alfalfa and winter cereals crops and an overall high crop heterogeneity (deriving from crop rotation) is fundamental to accommodate the ecological requirements of the species in different phases of its breeding cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cioccarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Terras
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Giacomo Assandri
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alessandro Berlusconi
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit—Guido Tosi Research Group— Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese (VA), Italy,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque (CNR-IRSA), Brugherio (MB) and Montelibretti (RM), Italy
| | - Nunzio Grattini
- SOM Stazione Ornitologica Modenese “Il Pettazzurro”, Mirandola (MO), Italy
| | | | - Aliona Pazhera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbrilli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque (CNR-IRSA), Brugherio (MB) and Montelibretti (RM), Italy
| | - Jacopo G. Cecere
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque (CNR-IRSA), Brugherio (MB) and Montelibretti (RM), Italy
| | - Michelangelo Morganti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque (CNR-IRSA), Brugherio (MB) and Montelibretti (RM), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramellini S, Imperio S, Morinay J, De Pascalis F, Catoni C, Morganti M, Rubolini D, Cecere JG. Individual foraging site fidelity increases from incubation to nestling rearing in a colonial bird. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
5
|
Schoenjahn J, Pavey CR, Walter GH. Has the Australian Endemic Grey Falcon the Most Extreme Dietary Specialization among all Falco Species? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121582. [PMID: 35739918 PMCID: PMC9219490 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The diet of an animal is one of the most informative aspects of how it interacts with its environment. A clear understanding of a species’ diet is, therefore, crucial for conservation considerations. The Grey Falcon is a rare and threatened raptor, found only in Australia’s vast arid and semi-arid zone. Its diet is subject to dispute, therefore, we studied, through direct observation during more than 17 years of fieldwork, the food that these birds ingested. We found that Grey Falcons of all ages fed almost exclusively on birds. No other food type was ever taken with any regularity. Our results suggest strongly that the Grey Falcon, throughout the year, throughout its life, and across its vast distribution, feeds almost exclusively on birds. We compared our results with the diets of the other species in the genus (Falco) and found that the Grey Falcon’s diet is the most extreme, more so than the diet of even those falcon species that are commonly considered to take exclusively birds, such as the Peregrine Falcon. Our evolutionary explanation of the unique dietary specialization of the Grey Falcon takes into account aspects of the species’ environment and relative prey availability. Abstract A clear understanding of a species’ diet is crucial in understanding its spatio-temporal dynamics, and is, therefore, pertinent to conservation considerations. The diet of the Grey Falcon (Falco hypoleucos), a rare and threatened predator endemic to the Australian arid and semi-arid zone, is subject to diverging assertions; therefore, we studied its diet through direct observation of food ingestion during more than 17 years of fieldwork across the species’ distribution. We found that Grey Falcons of all ages fed almost exclusively on a single type of food, namely, birds, and non-avian food items never constituted a substantial portion of any individual’s diet. The extraordinary circumstances that were associated with the ingestion of non-avian food suggest strongly that, across its vast distribution, throughout the year, and throughout its life, the Grey Falcon feeds almost exclusively on birds. Further, we compared the diets of all Falco species and found that the dietary specialization is most extreme in the Grey Falcon, more so than even in the Taita (F. fasciinucha) and Peregrine Falcons (F. peregrinus). Based on aspects of the species’ environment and relative prey availability, we offer an evolutionary explanation of the apparently unique dietary specialization of the arid-adapted Grey Falcon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Schoenjahn
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Gimme H. Walter
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Berlusconi A, Preatoni D, Assandri G, Bisi F, Brambilla M, Cecere JG, Cioccarelli S, Grattini N, Gustin M, Martinoli A, Rubolini D, Sbrilli A, Zanichelli A, Martinoli A, Morganti M. Intra-guild spatial niche overlap among three small falcon species in an area of recent sympatry. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2055170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Berlusconi
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit - Guido Tosi Research Group - Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
- CNR-IRSA National Research Council – Water Research Institute, Brugherio (MB) and Montelibretti (RM), Italy
| | - D. Preatoni
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit - Guido Tosi Research Group - Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - G. Assandri
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - F. Bisi
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit - Guido Tosi Research Group - Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - M. Brambilla
- Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di Scienze e , Milan, Italy
| | - J. G. Cecere
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - S. Cioccarelli
- Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di Scienze e , Milan, Italy
- Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - N. Grattini
- S.O.M., Stazione Ornitologica Modenese “Il Pettazzurro”, Modena, Italy
| | - M. Gustin
- Conservation Department LIPU-Birdlife Italia, Parma, Italy
| | - A. Martinoli
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit - Guido Tosi Research Group - Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - D. Rubolini
- CNR-IRSA National Research Council – Water Research Institute, Brugherio (MB) and Montelibretti (RM), Italy
- Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di Scienze e , Milan, Italy
| | - A. Sbrilli
- CNR-IRSA National Research Council – Water Research Institute, Brugherio (MB) and Montelibretti (RM), Italy
| | - A. Zanichelli
- Conservation Department LIPU-Birdlife Italia, Parma, Italy
| | - A. Martinoli
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit - Guido Tosi Research Group - Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - M. Morganti
- CNR-IRSA National Research Council – Water Research Institute, Brugherio (MB) and Montelibretti (RM), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soravia C, Bisazza A, Cecere JG, Rubolini D. Extra food provisioning does not affect behavioural lateralization in nestling lesser kestrels. Curr Zool 2022; 69:66-75. [PMID: 36974149 PMCID: PMC10039179 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Costs and benefits of brain lateralization may depend on environmental conditions. Growing evidence indicates that the development of brain functional asymmetries is adaptively shaped by the environmental conditions experienced during early life. Food availability early in life could act as a proxy of the environmental conditions encountered during adulthood, but its potential modulatory effect on lateralization has received little attention. We increased food supply from egg laying to early nestling rearing in a wild population of lesser kestrels Falco naumanni, a sexually dimorphic raptor, and quantified the lateralization of preening behaviour (head turning direction). As more lateralized individuals may perform better in highly competitive contexts, we expected that extra food provisioning, by reducing the level of intra-brood competition for food, would reduce the strength of lateralization. We found that extra food provisioning improved nestling growth, but it did not significantly affect the strength or direction of nestling lateralization. In addition, maternal body condition did not explain variation in nestling lateralization. Independently of extra food provisioning, the direction of lateralization differed between the sexes, with female nestlings turning more often towards their right. Our findings indicate that early food availability does not modulate behavioural lateralization in a motor task, suggesting limited phenotypic plasticity in this trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Soravia
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology (M092), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Angelo Bisazza
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, Padova, I-35131, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Via Orus 2/B, Padova, I-35129, Italy
| | - Jacopo G Cecere
- ISPRA—The Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Cà Fornacetta 9, Ozzano dell'Emilia (, BO, I-40064, Italy, )
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, Milano, I-20133, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque, IRSA-CNR, Via del Mulino 19, Brugherio, MB, I-20861, Italy,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morganti M, Cecere JG, Quilici S, Tarantino C, Blonda PN, Griggio M, Ambrosini R, Rubolini D. Assessing the relative importance of managed crops and semi-natural grasslands as foraging habitats for breeding lesser kestrels Falco naumanni in southeastern Italy. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Morganti
- M. Morganti (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8047-0429) ✉ , National Research Council – Water Research Inst. (CNR-IRSA), Brugherio, (MB), Italy
| | - Jacopo G. Cecere
- J. G. Cecere (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-2730), Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano Emilia, (BO), Italy
| | - Silvia Quilici
- S. Quilici (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-1749), R. Ambrosini (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-1468) and D. Rubolini (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-5783), Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Tarantino
- C. Tarantino (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3304-5355) and P. N. Blonda (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4576-2669), Inst. of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Interateneo Physics Dept, Bari, Italy
| | - Palma N. Blonda
- C. Tarantino (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3304-5355) and P. N. Blonda (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4576-2669), Inst. of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Interateneo Physics Dept, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Griggio
- M. Griggio (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3298-2905), Dipto di Biologia, Univ. di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- S. Quilici (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-1749), R. Ambrosini (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-1468) and D. Rubolini (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-5783), Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- S. Quilici (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-1749), R. Ambrosini (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-1468) and D. Rubolini (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-5783), Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nadal J, Ponz C, Margalida A, Pennisi L. Ecological markers to monitor migratory bird populations: Integrating citizen science and transboundary management for conservation purposes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109875. [PMID: 32063321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Countries share responsibility for the management and conservation of migratory bird species. However, a limited understanding of population dynamics hampers the implementation of harvest and transboundary management. Age-ratios and population density can be useful indicators to assess population dynamics to improve management and conservation actions. Here, the dynamics of an Atlantic population of Common quail Coturnix coturnix, using 32,508 quail samples and 4814 hunter questionnaires over a 20-year period (1996-2016) served as a comparative study for examining age-ratio patterns related to different geographic zones, population density and weather parameters. Results show that age-ratios varied over zones and years, specifically age-ratio 1 (AR1), used as an index of late breeding attempts, varied from 0.1 to 0.21. Age-ratio 2 (AR2), a surrogate of central recruitment, varied from 0.16 to 0.66. Finally, age-ratio 3 (AR3), used as an indicator of the population's annual breeding success, varied from 3.69 to 6.68. Age-ratio is linked to internal and external factors (i.e. effect of rainfall, variations over time and density-dependent relationships) depicting how quail age groups make segregated migration in time and space. Quail age groups perform a complex pattern of migration because of entwined changes in abundance, migration routes and timing, influencing population connectivity and dynamics. Our findings highlight the relevance of citizen science and transboundary agreements to improve management and conservation measures of migrant species. Administrations and policy-makers in developed and developing countries must coordinate efforts to engage hunters in a participatory management systems to achieve sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Nadal
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Wildlife, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Carolina Ponz
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Wildlife, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Antoni Margalida
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Wildlife, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Institute for Game and Wildlife Research, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Pennisi
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morganti M, Ambrosini R, Sarà M. Different trends of neighboring populations of Lesser Kestrel: Effects of climate and other environmental conditions. POPUL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Maurizio Sarà
- Section of Animal BiologyDepartment STEBICEF, University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Podofillini S, Cecere JG, Griggio M, Corti M, De Capua EL, Parolini M, Saino N, Serra L, Rubolini D. Benefits of extra food to reproduction depend on maternal condition. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Podofillini
- Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 26, IT‐20133 Milano Italy
| | - Jacopo G. Cecere
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA) Ozzano Emilia (BO) Italy
| | - Matteo Griggio
- Dipto di Biologia, Univ. degli Studi di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Margherita Corti
- Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 26, IT‐20133 Milano Italy
| | | | - Marco Parolini
- Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 26, IT‐20133 Milano Italy
| | - Nicola Saino
- Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 26, IT‐20133 Milano Italy
| | - Lorenzo Serra
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA) Ozzano Emilia (BO) Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Dipto di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Univ. degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 26, IT‐20133 Milano Italy
| |
Collapse
|