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Kučinskaitė A, Ulianskaitė G, Pamedys J, Stundys D. Navigating Head and Neck Porocarcinoma: Systematic Review with Special Emphasis on Surgical Safety Margins. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1264. [PMID: 38610942 PMCID: PMC11011095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Eccrine porocarcinoma, sharing many features with other skin tumours, is diagnostically challenging. A conventional biopsy might be misleading and surgical excision becomes a primary diagnostic tool and a treatment method. However, the data on surgical safety margins are not consistent. We present a systematic review analysing the surgical margins of porocarcinoma in the head and neck area, which was conducted across the PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases including studies published from inception to November of 2023. In this systematic review, the PRISMA-ScR checklist was used, and a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.92 was applied, indicating very good agreement between reviewers. Out of 529 identified articles, 18 studies yielding 20 cases in total were selected for a thorough analysis. Nine (45%) cases were observed in the facial regions, eight (40%) on the scalp, and three (5%) on the neck. The primary treatment of choice was wide local excision with safety margins ranging from 3 to 22 mm (mean: 10.1). It demonstrated that surgical margins do not differ by age or anatomic regions, with the main point of reference being the tumour size. As observed, the bigger the tumour, the wider the safety margins were. However, the limited disclosure of surgical safety margins in analysed case reports impeded our ability to define the minimum safety margins. Further investigation and a consensus on recommended safety margins are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gintarė Ulianskaitė
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Justinas Pamedys
- National Centre of Pathology Affiliated to Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Domantas Stundys
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Mahdar I, Lembarki G, Jamil J, Safi-eddine H, Najib B, Sabiri M, Labied M, El Manjra S, Samira L, Diouri M, Essodegui F. Eccrine porocarcinoma: an extremely rare cutaneous tumor from a radiological point of view - case report and review of the literature. BJR Case Rep 2022; 8:20220044. [PMID: 36632555 PMCID: PMC9809907 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20220044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin neoplasm. It represents less than 0.01% of all epithelial cutaneous tumors. Early diagnosis is the only way to minimize the mortality rate, given its aggressive nature and the high rate of local recurrence and metastasis. Clinical diagnosis is challenging and the confirmation is histological. Few studies have been published about the radiological features of eccrine porocarcinoma. We report a case of a localized eccrine porocarcinoma along with ultrasound, MRI features, and a review of the literature to highlight the role of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Mahdar
- Central Unit of Radiology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ghizlane Lembarki
- Central Unit of Radiology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Jihad Jamil
- Central Unit of Radiology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hiba Safi-eddine
- Central Unit of Radiology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Belmoudden Najib
- Plastic Surgery Center, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mouna Sabiri
- Central Unit of Radiology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Labied
- Central Unit of Radiology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Samia El Manjra
- Central Unit of Radiology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Lezar Samira
- Central Unit of Radiology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mounia Diouri
- Plastic Surgery Center, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatiha Essodegui
- Central Unit of Radiology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
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Joshy J, Mistry K, Levell NJ, van Bodegraven B, Vernon S, Rajan N, Craig P, Venables ZC. Porocarcinoma - a review. Clin Exp Dermatol 2022; 47:1030-1035. [PMID: 35149987 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
From the first report in 1969 to the present day, diagnosis of eccrine porocarcinoma, also known simply as porocarcinoma (PC), remains a challenge. This review presents a concise update of the history, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, management and prognosis of this rare sweat gland neoplasm. It differentiates towards the intraepidermal spiral ducts in the eccrine gland, is more common in those over 60 years and often affects the head, neck and lower extremities. PC presents as a dome shaped papule, plaque or nodule growing over weeks to months. The exact incidence is unknown but appears to be rising. Diagnosis is difficult because of variable presentations and similar clinical and histological features to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Management involves removal of the tumour, usually using wide local excision or Mohs micrographic surgery. Prognosis is poor with PC recurring after surgery in 35%. Given the lack of standardised protocols and risk profiles, further studies would help better the understanding of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilse Joshy
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Khaylen Mistry
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Nick J Levell
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Birgitta van Bodegraven
- British Association of Dermatologists, London, UK.,National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital (NHSD), Leeds, UK
| | - Sally Vernon
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital (NHSD), Leeds, UK
| | - Neil Rajan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Paul Craig
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Gloucestershire, Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Zoe C Venables
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.,National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital (NHSD), Leeds, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of poroma and porocarcinoma. METHODS Six patients (3 male, 3 female; age range, 40-84 years; mean age, 61 years) with histologically confirmed skin appendage tumors with apocrine and eccrine differentiation (2 poromas and 4 porocarcinomas) were enrolled. All patients underwent preoperative MR imaging and the MR images were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS The configurations were classified as pedunculated solid in 5 lesions and subcutaneous cystic with mural nodules in 1. Well-demarcated deep tumor margins and smooth skin surfaces were observed in all 6 lesions, and peritumoral fat stranding was observed in 2. In all 5 pedunculated solid lesions, T2-hyperintense foci, T1 hyperintensity, and homogeneous solid components were observed within the lesions. CONCLUSIONS Poroma and porocarcinoma usually exhibited pedunculated solid homogeneous lesion. Intratumoral T2-hyperintense foci and T1 hyperintensity were observed in pedunculated solid lesions.
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Tahara J, Ishida Y, Otsuka A, Komatsu-Fujii T, Yamamura K, Kaku Y, Endo Y, Nomura T, Irie H, Kabashima K. A case of metastatic eccrine porocarcinoma without actionable mutations treated with carboplatin and epirubicin chemotherapy. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 62:e448-e449. [PMID: 33729560 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Tahara
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishida
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Yamamura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yo Kaku
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Endo
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Irie
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Singapore, Singapore
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A Rare Case of Porocarcinoma and Trichoblastoma Arising in a Nevus Sebaceus of Jadassohn. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2021; 2021:7598086. [PMID: 33763265 PMCID: PMC7946472 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7598086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn, or "organoid nevus," is a common, benign hamartoma of the skin consisting of epithelial and adnexal components. Its natural history and association with neoplastic growths is well documented. The majority of concomitant neoplasms are benign-trichoblastoma and syringocystadenoma papilliferum are most frequently discovered-but malignant tumors have been described. We present the case of a 58-year-old male with a congenital nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn on his left parietal scalp that had been enlarging, changing color, and bleeding over the prior year. Clinical exam and histology disclosed the presence of a trichoblastoma and porocarcinoma arising within the nevus sebaceus. Porocarcinoma is a rare, intermediately aggressive, malignant eccrine gland tumor that is frequently metastasized at presentation. Otolaryngology performed wide local resection with sentinel lymph node biopsy. This case highlights the diversity of tumors associated with nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn, potential for malignant expansion, and necessity for close monitoring and maintaining a low threshold for biopsy in evolving lesions.
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Fernández-Ferreira R, Alvarado-Luna G, Motola-Kuba D, Mackinney-Novelo I, Cervera-Ceballos EE, Segura-Rivera R. Intergluteal Cleft Eccrine Porocarcinoma with Metastasis to Inguinal Region and Lung: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Oncol 2020; 13:1463-1473. [PMID: 33442371 PMCID: PMC7772857 DOI: 10.1159/000510311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is an infrequent cutaneous neoplasm, and was described in 1963 by Pinkus and Mehregan. It is a rare type of skin tumor (0.005-0.01% of all skin tumors). Less than 300 cases have been described in the entire world medical literature. To our knowledge, no case of intergluteal cleft EPC has been reported in the literature in English and Spanish to date, so this would be the first reported case of such pathology. Metastatic EPC is less frequent, since only <10% of metastatic type have been reported and the rest as localized disease. The primary treatment of choice is surgical wide local excision of the tumor with histological confirmation of tumor-free margins. Prognosis is difficult to determine because of the rarity of EPC and the variations in natural history. There are no data to support the use of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and there are currently no agreed criteria to define patients at high risk of relapse. We present a 67-year-old man with intergluteal cleft eccrine tumor by biopsy. Metastasis to left inguinal region and lung was reported by contrasted abdominal and chest computed tomography. He started chemotherapy based on etoposide, vincristine, carboplatin. A review of pertinent literature is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fernández-Ferreira
- Oncology Medicine Department, Comprehensive Oncology Center “Diana Laura Riojas de Colosio,” Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alvarado-Luna
- Oncology Medicine Department, Comprehensive Oncology Center “Diana Laura Riojas de Colosio,” Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Motola-Kuba
- Oncology Medicine Department, Comprehensive Oncology Center “Diana Laura Riojas de Colosio,” Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ileana Mackinney-Novelo
- Oncology Medicine Department, Comprehensive Oncology Center “Diana Laura Riojas de Colosio,” Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Emir Cervera-Ceballos
- Oncology Medicine Department, Comprehensive Oncology Center “Diana Laura Riojas de Colosio,” Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Román Segura-Rivera
- Service of Anatomical Pathology, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
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Le NS, Janik S, Liu DT, Grasl S, Faisal M, Pammer J, Schickinger-Fischer B, Hamzavi JS, Seemann R, Erovic BM. Eccrine porocarcinoma of the head and neck: Meta-analysis of 120 cases. Head Neck 2020; 42:2644-2659. [PMID: 32314845 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study is to analyze potential prognostic factors and to evaluate therapy strategies regarding clinical outcome in patients with eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) of the head and neck. METHODS One hundred and sixteen EPC cases from ninety studies and four authors' EPC cases were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS At an average follow up of 20.48 months, the 3-year overall survival and regional recurrence rate were 70.3% and 19.0%, respectively. Patients without surgical treatment had a significantly worse 3-year overall survival. Mohs microscopic surgery led to significantly less occurrence of regional recurrences compared to wide excision. An ulcerating lesion, high mitotic activity, and lymphovascular invasion were significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION Surgical resection is the cornerstone in the therapy of EPC and represents the therapeutic modality that offers the best chance of disease-free survival. Due to the high probability of recurrence, close follow-ups are strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Son Le
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Janik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David T Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Grasl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Institute of Head and Neck Diseases, Evangelical Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Johannes Pammer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jafar-Sasan Hamzavi
- Institute of Head and Neck Diseases, Evangelical Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Seemann
- Institute of Head and Neck Diseases, Evangelical Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boban M Erovic
- Institute of Head and Neck Diseases, Evangelical Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Oh S, Behzadnia A, Chan J. Eccrine Porocarcinoma: A Case Report of a Rare and Aggressive Cutaneous Tumour. Cureus 2019; 11:e6244. [PMID: 31819840 PMCID: PMC6886727 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is an extremely rare, adnexal carcinoma that represents less than 0.01% of all cutaneous malignancies. An aggressive tumour with a high recurrence rate, it has a tendency to metastasise to regional lymph nodes. Once metastasis has occurred, mortality rate increases to 75%-80% and thus survival is dependent on adequate and timely resection of the lesion. EPCs are frequently missed as a differential diagnosis due to their rarity and non-specific appearance, which can lead to serious consequences for patients. Consequently, EPCs are an important diagnosis for clinicians to be aware of and consider when evaluating cutaneous lesions. We present a case of EPC of the knee, which was initially misdiagnosed as a benign lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We discuss the use of MRI in aiding assessment of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Oh
- Surgery, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, GBR
| | - Alireza Behzadnia
- Histopathology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, GBR
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Shen J, Pan X, Lu Y, Pan D, Ma Y, Zhan R. A case of eccrine porocarcinoma characterized by a progressive increase in the level of Ki-67 index: case report and review of literature. BMC Surg 2019; 19:142. [PMID: 31601219 PMCID: PMC6785884 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-019-0595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eccrine porocarcinoma is an extremely rare skin adnexal malignant neoplasia with highly invasive and metastatic potential. We report an additional case of eccrine porocarcinoma with intracranial metastases. This case is characterized by a complete record of the progress of eccrine porocarcinoma, its immunohistochemistry after three operations showed a progressive increase in the level of Ki-67 index. Case presentation We herein report a case of a 37-year-old-male with eccrine carcinoma occurring on the left posterior occipital scalp which invaded the skull and dura, presenting with progressive headache. This patient has performed three surgeries in total. During the last hospitalization, he underwent an extended surgical resection, lymphadenectomy, myocutaneous flap transplantation and vascular anastomosis in our institution. After surgery, he was treating with radiotherapy at 200 Gray in 12 fractions. But one year after the operation, he developed chest tightness, imaging examination and biopsy puncture revealed pulmonary metastasis. Conclusion Intracranial metastasis of eccrine porocarcinoma is a late event with poor prognosis. This case emphases on that progressively increased level of Ki-67 index may predict more chance to occur the intracranial metastasis of scalp eccrine porocarcinoma, long-term follow-up and appropriately dense follow-up interval is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinfa Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfu Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Desheng Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuehui Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Renya Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
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Nazemi A, Higgins S, Swift R, In G, Miller K, Wysong A. Eccrine Porocarcinoma: New Insights and a Systematic Review of the Literature. Dermatol Surg 2018; 44:1247-1261. [PMID: 29894433 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare cutaneous neoplasm with high potential for morbidity and mortality. Due to its rarity, there is a paucity of data profiling diagnosis, work-up, and management. OBJECTIVE To consolidate reported information on demographics, diagnostics, clinical behavior, treatment modalities, and patient outcomes in EPC to provide a reference tool to optimize diagnosis and management. METHODS A comprehensive PubMed search was performed from 1963 to November 2017 using PRISMA guidelines. This yielded 155 articles detailing 206 cases of porocarcinoma. RESULTS Eccrine porocarcinoma most often presents in elderly patients on the head and neck or lower limbs. Metastatic disease at presentation is not uncommon (22%). Primary tumor location is significantly correlated with presence of metastasis (p = .038). The most common treatment is excision followed by Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), although the outcomes after MMS were superior to those after surgical excision. CONCLUSION This systematic review of individual patient data reveals that all patients should have a histological diagnosis with imaging considered for high-risk cases. Primary tumor location should also be considered in diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making. Although wide local excision (WLE) is currently the first-line treatment, MMS is becoming increasingly used, with evidence indicating improved outcomes as compared to those seen with WLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ashley Wysong
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
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Porocarcinoma; presentation and management, a meta-analysis of 453 cases. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 20:74-79. [PMID: 28721214 PMCID: PMC5499034 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND porocarcinoma is a rare sort of skin cancer developing from sweat glands. Its clinical course and management are not well understood. OBJECTIVES the current meta-analysis is to address the presentation and management of porocarcinoma. DATA SOURCES Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE on OVID and Google scholar were searched for English-language studies published before December 1, 2016. RESULTS The review of literature revealed 453 cases. From which 222 (49%) cases were male and female were 231 (51%). The mean age was 67.57 years. The mean duration of presentation was 5.57 years ranging from 4 days to 60 years of age. The most common site of affection is the head and neck (39.9%) followed by lower extremity (33.9%). Mass and nodule are the most common modes of presentation. Metastasis occurred at presentation in 110 (31%) cases. The most common organ to which porocarcinoma metastizes is the nearby lymph node (57.7%). CONCLUSIONS Porocarcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer. Surgery is the main modality of treatment. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER reviewregistry233.
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