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Gunther C, Banna J, Jones BL, Park C, Reicks M, Richards R, Schier H, Topham GL, Wong SS, Anderson AK, Ballejos M, Hopkins LC, Lora KR, Monroe-Lord L. Adolescent Independent Eating Occasions, Dietary Intake, and Parenting Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Parents and Adolescents From Households With Low Income. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:634-643. [PMID: 37422758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine how experiencing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic influenced adolescent independent eating occasions (iEOs) and iEO-related parenting practices from the perspective of parents and adolescents METHODS: Cross-sectional remote interviews were conducted for this basic qualitative research study. Participants were a purposive sample of multiracial/ethnic adolescents aged 11-14 years and their parents from households with low income (n = 12 dyads) representing 9 US states. The main outcome measures were iEOs and iEO-related parenting practices. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis. RESULTS About half of the parents indicated that their adolescents had more iEOs during the COVID-19 pandemic and that there were changes in the types of foods consumed during iEOs. In contrast, most adolescents indicated their iEOs had not changed remarkably in frequency or foods consumed since the onset of the pandemic. Most parents reported no change in how they taught their adolescents about healthy food, the rules for foods/beverages permitted during iEOs, or how they monitored what their adolescents ate during iEOs; adolescent reports were in general agreement. Most parents indicated that family members were home together more often during the pandemic, which increased cooking frequency. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' iEOs varied, and the parenting practices used to influence iEOs remained stable during the pandemic. Families experienced having more time together and cooking at home more often.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Gunther
- Martha S. Pitzer for Women, Children, and Youth, College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
| | - Jinan Banna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Blake L Jones
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Catherine Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Marla Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Rickelle Richards
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Heather Schier
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Glade L Topham
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Siew Sun Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Alex K Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | | - Laura C Hopkins
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH
| | - Karina R Lora
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Lillie Monroe-Lord
- Center for Nutrition, Diet and Health, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC
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Zahid A, Reicks M. Gain-Framed Messages Were Related to Higher Motivation Scores for Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Parenting Practices than Loss-Framed Messages. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050625. [PMID: 29772643 PMCID: PMC5986504 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents play an important role in promoting healthy beverage intake among children. Message-framing approaches, where outcomes are described as positive (gain) or negative (loss) results, can be used to encourage parenting practices that promote healthy beverage intakes. This study tested the effectiveness of message framing on motivation for parenting practices targeting reductions in child sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake (controlling availability, role modeling) and dispositional factors moderating effectiveness. Parents (n = 380) completed a survey to assess motivation after viewing gain- and loss-framed messages to engage in parenting practices, usual beverage intake, and home beverage availability. Paired t-tests were used to examine differences in motivation scores after viewing gain- vs. loss-framed messages for all parents and by subgroups according to low vs. high SSB intake and home availability, and weight status. Gain- versus loss-framed messages were related to higher motivation scores for both parenting practices for all parents (n = 380, p < 0.01) and most subgroups. No differences were observed by message frame for parents in low home SSB availability or normal and overweight BMI subgroups for controlling availability. Gain- versus loss-framed messages were related to higher motivation scores, therefore gain-framed messages are recommended for parent interventions intended to decrease child intake of SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Zahid
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Marla Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Banna JC, Reicks M, Gunther C, Richards R, Bruhn C, Cluskey M, Wong SS, Misner S, Hongu N, Johnston NP. Evaluation of emotion-based messages designed to motivate Hispanic and Asian parents of early adolescents to engage in calcium-rich food and beverage parenting practices. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:456-63. [PMID: 27478554 PMCID: PMC4958650 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.4.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Setting healthful beverage expectations, making calcium-rich foods and beverages (CRF/B) available, and role modeling are parenting practices promoting calcium intake among early adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate emotion-based messages designed to motivate parents of early adolescents to perform these practices. SUBJECTS/METHODS Emotion-based messages were developed for each parenting practice and tested in 35 parents from 5 states. Findings were used to modify messages and develop a survey administered via Amazon MechanicalTurk to a convenience sample of Asian (n = 166) and Hispanic (n = 184) parents of children 10-13 years. Main outcome measures were message comprehension, motivation, relevance, acceptability, and novelty. Engagement in the parenting practices was also assessed. RESULTS Message comprehension was acceptable for the majority of parents. Most also agreed that messages were motivational (setting healthful beverage expectations (69.0%), making CRF/B available (67.4%), and role modeling (80.0%)), relevant and acceptable. About 30-50% indicated they had not seen the information before. Many parents indicated they were already engaging in the practices (> 70%). No racial/ethnic differences were observed for responses to messages or engaging in parenting practices. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that emotion-based messages designed to motivate parents to engage in parenting practices that promote calcium intake among early adolescents were motivating, relevant, and acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Corinne Banna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, 1955 East West Road, Agricultural Sciences 216, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Marla Reicks
- Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Carolyn Gunther
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rickelle Richards
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Christine Bruhn
- Center for Consumer Research, Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mary Cluskey
- Nutrition, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Siew Sun Wong
- Nutrition, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Scottie Misner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Nobuko Hongu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - N Paul Johnston
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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