Impact of Community-Based Nutrition Education on Geophagic Behavior and Dietary Knowledge and Practices among Rural Women in Nakuru Town, Kenya: A Pilot Study

Contribution of community health care volunteers in facilitating mobilization for diabetes and hypertension screening among the general population residing in urban puducherry - An operational research study

Introduction:

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have contributed to almost half of the global disease burden. Many countries have experimented with Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) to provide necessary care for NCDs. We aimed at evaluating the contribution of CHVs in mobilizing adults for the Diabetes and Hypertension screening in a selected Primary Health Centre (PHC) of Puducherry, India.

Methodology:

A community-based operational research study was conducted, where five volunteers from each of the 13 anganwadis functioning under the PHC were chosen as study participants. They were interviewed before enrolment for willingness. Four batches of sensitization and training sessions were conducted to provide the necessary training. CHVs were then given 3 months to mobilize the individuals for NCD screening. This model was evaluated using the Theoretical underpinning technique.

Results:

Of the total 85 CHVs suggested, around 65 (76.5%) showed willingness for rendering services. Approximately 32 (49.2%) discontinued during the initial weeks of the intervention due to various reasons. The remaining CHVs could reach 363/1470 (24.7%), eligible individuals, among them, 303 (83.5) were convinced to visit the health centre for screening. From the total members who were screened, approximately 52 (17%) and 31 (10%) were diagnosed to have diabetes and hypertension respectively and were initiated on treatment as per national guidelines.

Conclusion:

About half of the CHVs who volunteered, remained till the end and effectively contributed to a screening of NCDs. The involved volunteers aided in improvising the NCD coverage under the PHC.

Explaining Income-Related Inequalities in Dietary Knowledge: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Lack of adequate dietary knowledge may result in poor health conditions. This study aims to measure income-related inequality in dietary knowledge, and to explain the sources of the inequality. Data were from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) conducted in 2015. A summary of the dietary knowledge score and dietary guideline awareness was used to measure the dietary knowledge of respondents. The concentration index was employed as a measure of socioeconomic inequality and was decomposed into its determining factors. The study found that the proportion of respondents who correctly answered questions on dietary knowledge was significantly low for some questions. Compared to rural residents, urban residents had a higher proportion of correctly answered dietary knowledge questions. In addition, there are pro-rich inequalities in dietary knowledge. This observed inequality is determined not only by individual factors but also high-level area factors. Our study recommends that future dietary education programs could take different strategies for individuals with different educational levels and focus more on disadvantaged people. It would be beneficial to consider local dietary habits in developing education materials.

High prevalence of kaolin consumption in migrant women living in a major urban area of France: A cross-sectional investigation

Geophagia is a feeding behavior involving the regular intake of soil, including clay-like kaolin. Frequent in Africa, kaolin consumption is associated with heavy metal intoxication, iron and other micronutrient deficiencies, geohelminth infection and inactivation of concomitantly taken drugs. It is expected that this practice would be imported into an asylum country during the immigration process. To confirm this hypothesis, a single center, cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Hospital of Nantes, France, whose main objective was to assess whether the prevalence of kaolin consumers was high in a migrant population living in a large French metropolitan area (the city of Nantes). Each woman consulting for the first time at the Medical and Psychosocial Gynecology Obstetric Unit during the inclusion period ranging from January 1, 2017, to July 1, 2017, was asked for consent to be included in the study. The main outcome was the proportion of positive answers regarding consumption of kaolin within the last twelve months, with its 95% confidence interval (CI). A logistic regression was performed to identify drivers of consumption, and a clustering approach was conducted to identify profiles of consumers. A total of 284 women were included in the study, of whom 110 (38.7%) were pregnant. Our main finding was a 14.1% (95% CI: 10.5-18.6) prevalence of clay consumers. Second, the characteristic most strongly associated with consumption was Central or West Africa origin (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 52.7; 95% CI: 13.7-202.2). Finally, 60% of consumers showed signs of addictive-like phenomena, and three profiles were identified, depicting a continuum of patients in regard to their control over their kaolin consumption. Our results suggest that kaolin consumption is frequent in particular subpopulations of migrants. This warrants further study of the clinical consequences of kaolin consumption and its associated addictive-like symptoms.

Keragaman Pangan dengan Status Kadarzi Keluarga di Wilayah Kerja Posyandu Sidotopo, Surabaya

Background: Indonesia still facing some nutritional problems that hinder its economics development. The government itself has an effort to tackle nutritional problems by establishing  a program known as Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi). The family expected to understand and overcome the nutritional problems affecting its members. One of Kadarzi’s five indicator is dietary diversity. Dietary divesity can reflected dietary quality. Therefore, dietary diversity assessment is influential to improve dietary quality. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in dietary diversity scores among Kadarzi household. Method: The design of the study was cross sectional. Number of sample were 34 mothers who registered in Posyandu settled in Kelurahan Sidotopo, Kecamatan Semampir, Kota Surabaya. Samples were selected using simple random sampling technique. Kadarzi data were collected from KMS book. Dietary diversity was assessed using Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS). The data were analyzed using independent T-test. Result: The result showed that most families were not meeting Kadarzi’s indicator (73%). There were 32.4% family categorized as low dietary diversity, 47.1% family categorized as medium dietary diversity, and 20.6% family categorized as high dietary diversity. There were a difference of dietary diversity score beetwen Kadarzi’s household nor Kadarzi’s household (p<0.001). In Kadarzi’s household the consumption of dark green leafy vegetables, other vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, anf other fruits and vegetables are higher than non Kadarzi’s household. Conclusions: There was a significant difference in dietary diversity score beetwen Kadarzi’s household and nor Kadarzi’s household. The importance of eating diverse and some references of affordable food choice to meet dietary diversity were needed to share.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Indonesia masih menghadapi beberapa masalah gizi yang menghambat perkembangan ekonomi. Namun pemerintah memiliki suatu upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan gizi tersebut dengan membentuk program Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi). Pada program ini keluarga diharapkan mampu mengerti dan mengatasi permasalahan gizi anggotanya. Salah dari lima perilaku Kadarzi adalah makan beragam. Makan beragam merupakan salah satu perilaku yang dapat menggambarkan kualitas diet individu. Oleh karena itu penilaian keragaman pangan perlu diketahui untuk mengetahui dan meningkatkan kualitas diet individu. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan skor keragaman pangan pada keluarga sadar gizi. Metode: Penelitian observasional ini disusun dengan rancang bangun cross sectional. Sejumlah 34 sampel yang merupakan ibu balita yang terdaftar di Posyandu di wilayah Kelurahan Sidotopo, Kecamatan Semampir, Kota Surabaya dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Data Kadarzi didapatkan dari observasi kartu menuju sehat (KMS). Keragaman pangan dinilai menggunakan instrumen Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS). Data dianalisis menggunakan independent T-test. Hasil: Sebagian besar keluarga masih belum menerapkan perilaku Kadarzi (73%). Sebanyak 32,4% keluarga termasuk dalam kategori skor keragaman pangan rendah, 47,1% dalam kategori sedang, dan 20,6% dalam kategori tinggi. Terdapat perbedaan skor keragaman pangan antara keluarga yang menerapkan perilaku Kadarzi dan tidak menerapkan perilaku Kadarzi (p<0,001). Pada keluarga yang menerapkan perilaku Kadarzi konsumsi sayuran hijau, sayur dan buah vitamin A, sayur dan buah yang lain lebih tinggi daripada keluarga yang tidak menerapkan Kadarzi. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan skor keragaman pangan antara keluarga yang menerapkan perilaku Kadarzi dan tidak menerapkan perilaku Kadarzi. Diperlukan pemaparan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai pentingnya makan beragam dan pemilihan makanan yang terjangkau untuk dapat memenuhi konsumsi makan beragam.