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Boyko M, Zvenigorodsky V, Grinshpun J, Shiyntum HN, Melamed I, Kutz R, Shelef I, Brotfain E, Frank D, Zlotnik A. Establishment of novel technical methods for evaluating brain edema and lesion volume in stroked rats: A standardization of measurement procedures. Brain Res 2019; 1718:12-21. [PMID: 31026458 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stroke plays a role in high morbidity and mortality. Deciphering its mechanisms and pathophysiology is critical for the creation of new drugs and therapies. Most of the previous animal models of stroke, aimed at identifying the extent and location of brain injury following stroke, require animal sacrifice, which, besides ethical considerations, also negates the ability for follow up studies with the same rats. Because of these failures, the use of clinical magnetic resonance scanners for evaluating small animal models has been increasing. Magnetic resonance imaging scanners used particularly for small-bore animals are eligible for use in high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of rodent brains. However, high costs and scarcity factor heavily in the rare availability of these scanners. In our investigation, we sought to establish a unitary magnetic resonance imaging protocol for stroke assessment in rats. We made use of a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging clinical scanner, as well as another clinical equipment, with the purpose of increasing its reproducibility. The results of inquest validated a new magnetic resonance imaging protocol, comparing a magnetic resonance imaging-measured infarcted zone to the "gold standard" of histological examination. We carried out the experimental procedure on a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging clinical scanner using a conventional eight-channel receive-only coil. The two methods produced remarkable quantitative and qualitative correlations between them. Conclusively, we showed the clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner to be a high-precision and sensitive image analysis instrument for evaluating both the infarct zone and the brain edema in a stroke experimental rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Boyko
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel.
| | - Vladislav Zvenigorodsky
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Julia Grinshpun
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Honore N Shiyntum
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ecology, and Medicine, Oles' Honchar Dnipro National University, Gagarin avenue 72, Dnipro 49010, Ukraine
| | - Israel Melamed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel.
| | - Ruslan Kutz
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel.
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Evgeni Brotfain
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Dmitry Frank
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel.
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel.
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Li BO, Meng C, Zhang X, Cong D, Gao X, Gao W, Ju D, Hu S. Effect of photodynamic therapy combined with torasemide on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1 in rat peritumoral edema and glioma. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2084-2090. [PMID: 26998126 PMCID: PMC4774439 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritumoral edema is a key stage in the infiltration and recurrence of glioma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) increases the extent of peritumoral edema, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of PDT in treating glioma. The present study evaluated the effects of PDT combined with torasemide on the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC) 1 in peritumoral edema regions of rat glioma. Adult male Wistar rats were inoculated with rat glioma C6 cells, and the presence of glioma was confirmed using magnetic resonance imaging 7 days subsequent to injection. The rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=15): Control group, the rats received no treatment; PDT group, the rats received PDT at 80 J/cm2 for 10 min; torasemide group, the rats received 5 mg/kg torasemide intraperitoneally; and PDT + torasemide group, the rats received 5 mg/kg torasemide intraperitoneally for 3 days following PDT at 80 J/cm2 for 10 min. A total of 5 rats from each group were sacrificed 21 days following injection and the peritumoral edema tissues were harvested. MMP2 and NKCC1 expression levels were detected in the tissues using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The mRNA expression levels of MMP2 and NKCC1 were observed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Peritumoral edema was measured using a wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio, and survival times of the remaining 10 rats in each group were evaluated. Compared with the control group, tumor growth was significantly suppressed in the PDT group and the survival time was prolonged through a reduction in the expression of MMP2 (P<0.05), and an increased W/D ratio resulted in significantly increased expression of NKCC1 (P<0.05). Compared with the PDT group, the expression of NKCC1 and the W/D ratio in the PDT + torasemide group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the expression levels of MMP2. In conclusion, PDT combined with torasemide prolonged the survival time of rats by inhibiting the growth of glioma through a reduction in the expression of MMP2, and by reducing peritumoral edema through a reduction in the expression levels of NKCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Damin Cong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Wanlong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Shaoshan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Gordaliza PM, Mateos-Pérez JM, Montesinos P, Guzmán-de-Villoria JA, Desco M, Vaquero JJ. Development and validation of an open source quantification tool for DSC-MRI studies. Comput Biol Med 2015; 58:56-62. [PMID: 25618215 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVATION This work presents the development of an open source tool for the quantification of dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion studies. The development of this tool is motivated by the lack of open source tools implemented on open platforms to allow external developers to implement their own quantification methods easily and without the need of paying for a development license. MATERIALS AND METHODS This quantification tool was developed as a plugin for the ImageJ image analysis platform using the Java programming language. A modular approach was used in the implementation of the components, in such a way that the addition of new methods can be done without breaking any of the existing functionalities. For the validation process, images from seven patients with brain tumors were acquired and quantified with the presented tool and with a widely used clinical software package. The resulting perfusion parameters were then compared. RESULTS Perfusion parameters and the corresponding parametric images were obtained. When no gamma-fitting is used, an excellent agreement with the tool used as a gold-standard was obtained (R(2)>0.8 and values are within 95% CI limits in Bland-Altman plots). CONCLUSION An open source tool that performs quantification of perfusion studies using magnetic resonance imaging has been developed and validated using a clinical software package. It works as an ImageJ plugin and the source code has been published with an open source license.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Gordaliza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J M Mateos-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Montesinos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Guzmán-de-Villoria
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Vaquero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang X, Cong D, Shen D, Gao X, Chen L, Hu S. The effect of bumetanide on photodynamic therapy-induced peri-tumor edema of C6 glioma xenografts. Lasers Surg Med 2014; 46:422-30. [PMID: 24700489 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150086 China
| | - Damin Cong
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150086 China
| | - Dawei Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery; Shouguang City People's Hospital; Weifang 262700 China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150086 China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150086 China
| | - Shaoshan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150086 China
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da Silva AC, Cabral FR, Mamani JB, Malheiros JM, Polli RS, Tannus A, Vidoto E, Martins MJ, Sibov TT, Pavon LF, Miyaki LAM, Cárdenas WHZ, Malheiros SMF, Brandt RA, Amaro Júnior E, Gamarra LF. Tumor growth analysis by magnetic resonance imaging of the C6 glioblastoma model with prospects for the assessment of magnetohyperthermia therapy. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2012; 10:11-5. [PMID: 23045819 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082012000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to establish a pattern of tumor growth of the C6 model of glioblastoma multiform in Wistar rats via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the subsequent verification of tumor volume reduction due to magnetic hyperthermia therapy. METHODS Young male Wistar rats weighing between 250 and 300 g were used for the C6 model. After the rats were anesthetized (55 mg/ kg ketamine and 11 mg/kg xylazine), C6 lineage tumorigenic cells suspended in culture medium (10(5) cells in 10 microl) were stereotaxically injected into the right frontal cortex (bregma coordinates: 2.0 mm anteroposterior, 3.0 mm laterolateral, and 2.5 mm depth) of the rats using a Hamilton syringe. For the control group, the rats were injected with culture medium without cells. MRI scans were performed at 14, 21, and 28 d after the injection using a 2.0 T MRI scanner (Bruker BioSpec, Germany). The animals were anesthetized with 55 mg/kg ketamine and 11 mg/kg xylazine before being examined. Coronal multilayers were acquired using a standard spin echo sequence with the following parameters: repetition/echo time = 4.000 ms/67.1 ms, field of view = 3.50, matrix = 192, slice thickness = 0.4 mm, and slice separation = 0 mm. RESULTS The MRI analysis enabled a clear visualization of the tumor mass, and it was possible to establish the tumor volume parameters on the various days that were examined. The volume at 14 d after induction was 13.7 +/- 2.5 mm3. On days 21 and 28, the tumor volumes were 31.7 +/- 6.5 mm3 and 122.1 +/- 11.8 mm3, respectively. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate the C6 model tumor volume in rats, which will allow for the future implementation and verification of magnetic hyperthermia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André César da Silva
- Brain Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Mystkowska D, Tutas A, Jezierska-Woźniak K, Mikołajczyk A, Bobek-Billewicz B, Jurkowski M. Usefulness of clinical magnetic resonance scanners for imaging experimental changes in laboratory rodents' central nervous system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poamed.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Quantitative proton MRI and MRS of the rat brain with a 3T clinical MR scanner. J Neuroradiol 2011; 38:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhan Q, Yue W, Shaoshan H. The inhibitory effect of photodynamic therapy and of an anti-VCAM-1 monoclonal antibody on the in vivo growth of C6 glioma xenografts. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:489-90. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wu Yue
- Harbin Medical University
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Underhill HR, Yuan C, Hayes CE. A combined solenoid-surface RF coil for high-resolution whole-brain rat imaging on a 3.0 Tesla clinical MR scanner. Magn Reson Med 2011; 64:883-92. [PMID: 20535812 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rat brain models effectively simulate a multitude of human neurological disorders. Improvements in coil design have facilitated the wider utilization of rat brain models by enabling the utilization of clinical MR scanners for image acquisition. In this study, a novel coil design, subsequently referred to as the rat brain coil, is described that exploits and combines the strengths of both solenoids and surface coils into a simple, multichannel, receive-only coil dedicated to whole-brain rat imaging on a 3.0 T clinical MR scanner. Compared with a multiturn solenoid mouse body coil, a 3-cm surface coil, a modified Helmholtz coil, and a phased-array surface coil, the rat brain coil improved signal-to-noise ratio by approximately 72, 61, 78, and 242%, respectively. Effects of the rat brain coil on amplitudes of static field and radiofrequency field uniformity were similar to each of the other coils. In vivo, whole-brain images of an adult male rat were acquired with a T(2)-weighted spin-echo sequence using an isotropic acquisition resolution of 0.25 x 0.25 x 0.25 mm(3) in 60.6 min. Multiplanar images of the in vivo rat brain with identification of anatomic structures are presented. Improvement in signal-to-noise ratio afforded by the rat brain coil may broaden experiments that utilize clinical MR scanners for in vivo image acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter R Underhill
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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Sandhu GS, Solorio L, Broome AM, Salem N, Kolthammer J, Shah T, Flask C, Duerk JL. Whole animal imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 2:398-421. [PMID: 20836038 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Translational research plays a vital role in understanding the underlying pathophysiology of human diseases, and hence development of new diagnostic and therapeutic options for their management. After creating an animal disease model, pathophysiologic changes and effects of a therapeutic intervention on them are often evaluated on the animals using immunohistologic or imaging techniques. In contrast to the immunohistologic techniques, the imaging techniques are noninvasive and hence can be used to investigate the whole animal, oftentimes in a single exam which provides opportunities to perform longitudinal studies and dynamic imaging of the same subject, and hence minimizes the experimental variability, requirement for the number of animals, and the time to perform a given experiment. Whole animal imaging can be performed by a number of techniques including x-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, fluorescence imaging, and bioluminescence imaging, among others. Individual imaging techniques provide different kinds of information regarding the structure, metabolism, and physiology of the animal. Each technique has its own strengths and weaknesses, and none serves every purpose of image acquisition from all regions of an animal. In this review, a broad overview of basic principles, available contrast mechanisms, applications, challenges, and future prospects of many imaging techniques employed for whole animal imaging is provided. Our main goal is to briefly describe the current state of art to researchers and advanced students with a strong background in the field of animal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh Sandhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ann-Marie Broome
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicolas Salem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeff Kolthammer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tejas Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chris Flask
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Duerk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center of Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Jensen UR, Liu JR, Eschenfelder C, Meyne J, Zhao Y, Deuschl G, Jansen O, Ulmer S. The correlation between quantitative T2' and regional cerebral blood flow after acute brain ischemia in early reperfusion as demonstrated in a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model of the rat. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 178:55-8. [PMID: 19103223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION qT2'-maps are calculated by subtracting T2- from T2*-relaxation rates. They are oxygen-sensitive and depict oxygen extraction. In several studies they have been used to describe the penumbra in patients with acute ischemic stroke. No correlation between rCBF and qT2' has been performed to date. In this study a correlation between rCBF and qT2' was performed in a temporary middle cerebral occlusion-reperfusion model of the rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed on seven Sprague-Dawley rats. After 60 min of occlusion and 90 min of reperfusion MRI was performed including DWI, dynamic susceptibility contrast-weighted MR imaging (DSC-MRI) and qT2'. ROIs were placed inside the DWI lesion and transferred to rCBF- and qT2'-maps. rCBF and qT2' were compared to corresponding tissue in the contralateral hemisphere. RESULTS qT2' was lower in the infarcted areas when compared to the contralateral hemisphere. Correlation between rCBF and qT2' was r = 0.41, p = 0.14 (Pearson's correlation coefficient), when corrected for outliers it was r = 0.58, p = 0.04. CONCLUSION Our results show that there is a moderate correlation between rCBF and qT2'. qT2'-maps could be used to explore cerebral perfusion without the application of contrast agent or radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf R Jensen
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University of Schleswig-Hostein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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