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Akouissi O, Lacour SP, Micera S, DeSimone A. A finite element model of the mechanical interactions between peripheral nerves and intrafascicular implants. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35861557 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac7d0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Intrafascicular peripheral nerve implants are key components in the development of bidirectional neuroprostheses such as touch-enabled bionic limbs for amputees. However, the durability of such interfaces is hindered by the immune response following the implantation. Among the causes linked to such reaction, the mechanical mismatch between host nerve and implant is thought to play a decisive role, especially in chronic settings.Approach.Here we focus on modeling mechanical stresses induced on the peripheral nerve by the implant's micromotion using finite element analysis. Through multiple parametric sweeps, we analyze the role of the implant's material, geometry (aspect-ratio and shape), and surface coating, deriving a set of parameters for the design of better-integrated implants.Main results.Our results indicate that peripheral nerve implants should be designed and manufactured with smooth edges, using materials at most three orders of magnitude stiffer than the nerve, and with innovative geometries to redistribute micromotion-associated loads to less delicate parts of the nerve such as the epineurium.Significance.Overall, our model is a useful tool for the peripheral nerve implant designer that is mindful of the importance of implant mechanics for long term applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outman Akouissi
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, 1202, Switzerland.,Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Translational Neural Engineering Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Silvestro Micera
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Translational Neural Engineering Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, 1202, Switzerland.,The Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio DeSimone
- The Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies, 34136 Trieste, Italy
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Borkowska VR, McConnell A, Vijayakumar S, Stokes A, Roche AD. A Haptic Sleeve as a Method of Mechanotactile Feedback Restoration for Myoelectric Hand Prosthesis Users. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:806479. [PMID: 36188923 PMCID: PMC9397846 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.806479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current myoelectric upper limb prostheses do not restore sensory feedback, impairing fine motor control. Mechanotactile feedback restoration with a haptic sleeve may rectify this problem. This randomised crossover within-participant controlled study aimed to assess a prototype haptic sleeve's effect on routine grasping tasks performed by eight able-bodied participants. Each participant completed 15 repetitions of the three tasks: Task 1—normal grasp, Task 2—strong grasp and Task 3—weak grasp, using visual, haptic, or combined feedback All data were collected in April 2021 in the Scottish Microelectronics Centre, Edinburgh, UK. Combined feedback correlated with significantly higher grasp success rates compared to the vision alone in Task 1 (p < 0.0001), Task 2 (p = 0.0057), and Task 3 (p = 0.0170). Similarly, haptic feedback was associated with significantly higher grasp success rates compared to vision in Task 1 (p < 0.0001) and Task 2 (p = 0.0015). Combined feedback correlated with significantly lower energy expenditure compared to visual feedback in Task 1 (p < 0.0001) and Task 3 (p = 0.0003). Likewise, haptic feedback was associated with significantly lower energy expenditure compared to the visual feedback in Task 1 (p < 0.0001), Task 2 (p < 0.0001), and Task 3 (p < 0.0001). These results suggest that mechanotactile feedback provided by the haptic sleeve effectively augments grasping and reduces its energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet R. Borkowska
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair McConnell
- Scottish Microelectronics Centre, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sethu Vijayakumar
- School of Informatics, Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Stokes
- Scottish Microelectronics Centre, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan D. Roche
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Healthcare System Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Aidan D. Roche
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3
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Thakur R, Aplin FP, Fridman GY. A Hydrogel-Based Microfluidic Nerve Cuff for Neuromodulation of Peripheral Nerves. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121522. [PMID: 34945372 PMCID: PMC8706247 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Implantable neuromodulation devices typically have metal in contact with soft, ion-conducting nerves. These neural interfaces excite neurons using short-duration electrical pulses. While this approach has been extremely successful for multiple clinical applications, it is limited in delivering long-duration pulses or direct current (DC), even for acute term studies. When the charge injection capacity of electrodes is exceeded, irreversible electrochemical processes occur, and toxic byproducts are discharged directly onto the nerve, causing biological damage. Hydrogel coatings on electrodes improve the overall charge injection limit and provide a mechanically pliable interface. To further extend this idea, we developed a silicone-based nerve cuff lead with a hydrogel microfluidic conduit. It serves as a thin, soft and flexible interconnection and provides a greater spatial separation between metal electrodes and the target nerve. In an in vivo rat model, we used this cuff to stimulate and record from sciatic nerves, with performance comparable to that of metal electrodes. Further, we delivered DC through the lead in an acute manner to induce nerve block that is reversible. In contrast to most metallic cuff electrodes, which need microfabrication equipment, we built this cuff using a consumer-grade digital cutter and a simplified molding process. Overall, the device will be beneficial to neuromodulation researchers as a general-purpose nerve cuff electrode for peripheral neuromodulation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviraj Thakur
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.T.); (F.P.A.)
| | - Felix P. Aplin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.T.); (F.P.A.)
| | - Gene Y. Fridman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.T.); (F.P.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence:
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4
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Badi M, Wurth S, Scarpato I, Roussinova E, Losanno E, Bogaard A, Delacombaz M, Borgognon S, C Vanc Ara P, Fallegger F, Su DK, Schmidlin E, Courtine G, Bloch J, Lacour SP, Stieglitz T, Rouiller EM, Capogrosso M, Micera S. Intrafascicular peripheral nerve stimulation produces fine functional hand movements in primates. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabg6463. [PMID: 34705521 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg6463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Badi
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Wurth
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Scarpato
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evgenia Roussinova
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Losanno
- Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrew Bogaard
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Platform of Translational Neurosciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Maude Delacombaz
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Platform of Translational Neurosciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Simon Borgognon
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Platform of Translational Neurosciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul C Vanc Ara
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, Bernstein Center Freiburg, and BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Fallegger
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David K Su
- Neurological Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Eric Schmidlin
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Platform of Translational Neurosciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Courtine
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyne Bloch
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, Bernstein Center Freiburg, and BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eric M Rouiller
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Platform of Translational Neurosciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marco Capogrosso
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Platform of Translational Neurosciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Rehabilitation and Neural Engineering Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Silvestro Micera
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025 Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
Peripheral nerve interfaces (PNIs) record and/or modulate neural activity of nerves, which are responsible for conducting sensory-motor information to and from the central nervous system, and for regulating the activity of inner organs. PNIs are used both in neuroscience research and in therapeutical applications such as precise closed-loop control of neuroprosthetic limbs, treatment of neuropathic pain and restoration of vital functions (e.g. breathing and bladder management). Implantable interfaces represent an attractive solution to directly access peripheral nerves and provide enhanced selectivity both in recording and in stimulation, compared to their non-invasive counterparts. Nevertheless, the long-term functionality of implantable PNIs is limited by tissue damage, which occurs at the implant-tissue interface, and is thus highly dependent on material properties, biocompatibility and implant design. Current research focuses on the development of mechanically compliant PNIs, which adapt to the anatomy and dynamic movements of nerves in the body thereby limiting foreign body response. In this paper, we review recent progress in the development of flexible and implantable PNIs, highlighting promising solutions related to materials selection and their associated fabrication methods, and integrated functions. We report on the variety of available interface designs (intraneural, extraneural and regenerative) and different modulation techniques (electrical, optical, chemical) emphasizing the main challenges associated with integrating such systems on compliant substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paggi
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland. Equally contributing authors
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6
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A review for the peripheral nerve interface designer. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 332:108523. [PMID: 31743684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Informational density and relative accessibility of the peripheral nervous system make it an attractive site for therapeutic intervention. Electrode-based electrophysiological interfaces with peripheral nerves have been under development since the 1960s and, for several applications, have seen widespread clinical implementation. However, many applications require a combination of neural target resolution and stability which has thus far eluded existing peripheral nerve interfaces (PNIs). With the goal of aiding PNI designers in development of devices that meet the demands of next-generation applications, this review seeks to collect and present practical considerations and best practices which emerge from the literature, including both lessons learned during early PNI development and recent ideas. Fundamental and practical principles guiding PNI design are reviewed, followed by an updated and critical account of existing PNI designs and strategies. Finally, a brief survey of in vitro and in vivo PNI characterization methods is presented.
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Krucoff MO, Zhuang K, MacLeod D, Yin A, Byun YW, Manson RJ, Turner DA, Oliveira L, Lebedev MA. A novel paraplegia model in awake behaving macaques. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:1800-1808. [PMID: 28701540 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00327.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower limb paralysis from spinal cord injury (SCI) or neurological disease carries a poor prognosis for recovery and remains a large societal burden. Neurophysiological and neuroprosthetic research have the potential to improve quality of life for these patients; however, the lack of an ethical and sustainable nonhuman primate model for paraplegia hinders their advancement. Therefore, our multidisciplinary team developed a way to induce temporary paralysis in awake behaving macaques by creating a fully implantable lumbar epidural catheter-subcutaneous port system that enables easy and reliable targeted drug delivery for sensorimotor blockade. During treadmill walking, aliquots of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine were percutaneously injected into the ports of three rhesus macaques while surface electromyography (EMG) recorded muscle activity from their quadriceps and gastrocnemii. Diminution of EMG amplitude, loss of voluntary leg movement, and inability to bear weight were achieved for 60-90 min in each animal, followed by a complete recovery of function. The monkeys remained alert and cooperative during the paralysis trials and continued to take food rewards, and the ports remained functional after several months. This technique will enable recording from the cortex and/or spinal cord in awake behaving nonhuman primates during the onset, maintenance, and resolution of paraplegia for the first time, thus opening the door to answering basic neurophysiological questions about the acute neurological response to spinal cord injury and recovery. It will also negate the need to permanently injure otherwise high-value research animals for certain experimental paradigms aimed at developing and testing neural interface decoding algorithms for patients with lower extremity dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A novel implantable lumbar epidural catheter-subcutaneous port system enables targeted drug delivery and induction of temporary paraplegia in awake, behaving nonhuman primates. Three macaques displayed loss of voluntary leg movement for 60-90 min after injection of lidocaine with epinephrine, followed by a full recovery. This technique for the first time will enable ethical live recording from the proximal central nervous system during the acute onset, maintenance, and resolution of paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max O Krucoff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;
| | - Katie Zhuang
- Translational Neural Engineering Lab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David MacLeod
- Department of Anesthesia, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Allen Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yoon Woo Byun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Roberto Jose Manson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dennis A Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Research and Surgery Services, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Laura Oliveira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mikhail A Lebedev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Li Z, Chai Y, Gong C, Du G, Liu J, Yang J. Evaluation of the Antinociceptive Effects of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine on the Tail Nerves of Healthy Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:31-6. [PMID: 23506425 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunfei Chai
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute; Guangdong General Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Guangzhou; Guangdong; China
| | - Chunyu Gong
- Department of Urology; The Second Hospital of Chengdu; Chengdu; Sichuan; China
| | - Guizhi Du
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu; Sichuan; China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu; Sichuan; China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu; Sichuan; China
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Restoration of grasp following paralysis through brain-controlled stimulation of muscles. Nature 2012; 485:368-71. [PMID: 22522928 PMCID: PMC3358575 DOI: 10.1038/nature10987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Patients with spinal cord injury lack the connections between brain and spinal cord circuits essential for voluntary movement. Clinical systems that achieve muscle contraction through functional electrical stimulation (FES) have proven to be effective in allowing patients with tetraplegia to regain control of hand movement and to achieve a greater measure of independence in activities of daily living 1,2. In typical systems, the patient uses residual proximal limb movements to trigger pre-programmed stimulation that causes the paralyzed muscles to contract, allowing use of one or two basic grasps. Instead, we have developed, in primates, an FES system that is controlled by recordings made from microelectrodes permanently implanted in the brain. We simulated some of the effects of the paralysis caused by C5-C6 spinal cord injury 3 by injecting a local anesthetic to block the median and ulnar nerves at the elbow. Then, using recordings from approximately 100 neurons in the motor cortex, we predicted the intended activity of several of the paralyzed muscles, and used these predictions to control the intensity of stimulation of the same muscles. This process essentially bypassed the spinal cord, restoring to the monkeys voluntary control of their paralyzed muscles. This achievement represents a major advance toward similar restoration of hand function in human patients through brain-controlled FES. We anticipate that in human patients, this neuroprosthesis would allow much more flexible and dexterous use of the hand than is possible with existing FES systems.
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