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Lebedeva OS, Lagarkova MA. Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modelling and Cell Therapy of Parkinson's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1046-1056. [PMID: 30472943 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918090067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studying pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), requires adequate disease models. The available patient's material is limited to biological fluids and post mortem brain samples. Disease modeling and drug screening can be done in animal models, although this approach has its own limitations, since laboratory animals do not suffer from many neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. The use of neurons obtained by targeted differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with known genetic mutations, as well as from carriers of sporadic forms of the disease, will allow to elucidate new components of the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Such neuronal cultures can also serve as unique models for testing neuroprotective compounds and monitoring neurodegenerative changes against a background of various therapeutic interventions. In the future, dopaminergic neurons differentiated from iPSCs can be used for cell therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Lebedeva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - M A Lagarkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
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2
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Quan Q, Feng J, Lui LT, Shi T, Chu IK. Phosphoproteome of crab-eating macaque cerebral cortex characterized through multidimensional reversed-phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with tandem anion/cation exchange columns. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:196-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Asakawa T, Fang H, Sugiyama K, Nozaki T, Hong Z, Yang Y, Hua F, Ding G, Chao D, Fenoy AJ, Villarreal SJ, Onoe H, Suzuki K, Mori N, Namba H, Xia Y. Animal behavioral assessments in current research of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 65:63-94. [PMID: 27026638 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is traditionally classified as a movement disorder. Patients typically suffer from many motor dysfunctions. Presently, clinicians and scientists recognize that many non-motor symptoms are associated with PD. There is an increasing interest in both motor and non-motor symptoms in clinical studies on PD patients and laboratory research on animal models that imitate the pathophysiologic features and symptoms of PD patients. Therefore, appropriate behavioral assessments are extremely crucial for correctly understanding the mechanisms of PD and accurately evaluating the efficacy and safety of novel therapies. This article systematically reviews the behavioral assessments, for both motor and non-motor symptoms, in various animal models involved in current PD research. We addressed the strengths and weaknesses of these behavioral tests and their appropriate applications. Moreover, we discussed potential mechanisms behind these behavioral tests and cautioned readers against potential experimental bias. Since most of the behavioral assessments currently used for non-motor symptoms are not particularly designed for animals with PD, it is of the utmost importance to greatly improve experimental design and evaluation in PD research with animal models. Indeed, it is essential to develop specific assessments for non-motor symptoms in PD animals based on their characteristics. We concluded with a prospective view for behavioral assessments with real-time assessment with mobile internet and wearable device in future PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Asakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Huan Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenji Sugiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Nozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Soochow University School of Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Fei Hua
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Soochow University School of Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Guanghong Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongman Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School,Houston, TX, USA
| | - Albert J Fenoy
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School,Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sebastian J Villarreal
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School,Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Functional Probe Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Namba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School,Houston, TX, USA.
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Yun JW, Ahn JB, Kwon E, Ahn JH, Park HW, Heo H, Park JS, Kim H, Paek SH, Kang BC. Behavior, PET and histology in novel regimen of MPTP marmoset model of Parkinson's disease for long-term stem cell therapy. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 13:100-109. [PMID: 30603390 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell technologies are particularly attractive in Parkinson's disease (PD) research although they occasionally need long-term treatment for anti-parkinsonian activity. Unfortunately, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) widely used as a model for PD has several limitations, including the risk of dose-dependent mortality and the difficulty of maintenance of PD symptoms during the whole experiment period. Therefore, we tested if our novel MPTP regimen protocol (2 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days and 1 mg/kg for next 3 consecutive days) can be maintained stable parkinsonism without mortality for long-term stem cell therapy. For this, we used small-bodied common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) among several nonhuman primates showing high anatomical, functional, and behavioral similarities to humans. Along with no mortality, the behavioral changes involved in PD symptoms were maintained for 32 weeks. Also, the loss of jumping ability of the MPTP-treated marmosets in the Tower test was not recovered by 32 weeks. Positron emission tomography (PET) analysis revealed that remarkable decreases of bindings of 18F-FP-CIT were observed at the striatum of the brains of the marmosets received MPTP during the full period of the experiment for 32 weeks. In the substantia nigra of the marmosets, the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity was also observed at 32 weeks following the MPTP treatment. In conclusion, our low-dose MPTP regimen protocol was found to be stable parkinsonism without mortality as evidenced by behavior, PET, and TH immunohistochemistry. This result will be useful for evaluation of possible long-term stem cell therapy for anti-parkinsonian activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Won Yun
- 1Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Ahn
- 1Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,2Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Euna Kwon
- 1Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hun Ahn
- 1Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,2Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Park
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwon Heo
- 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- 5Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and the University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,6Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- 1Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,2Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,7Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Korea
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Yun JW, Ahn JB, Kang BC. Modeling Parkinson's disease in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): overview of models, methods, and animal care. Lab Anim Res 2015; 31:155-65. [PMID: 26755918 PMCID: PMC4707143 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2015.31.4.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small-bodied, popular New World monkey and is used widely in reproductive biology, neuroscience, and drug development, due to its comparative ease of handling, high reproductive efficiency, and its unique behavioral characters. In this review, we discuss the marmoset models in Parkinson's disease (PD), which is a neurological movement disorder primarily resulting from a degeneration of dopaminergic neurons with clinical features of tremor, rigidity, postural instability, and akinesia. The most common PD models involve the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or 6-hydroxydopamine to study the pathogenesis and to evaluate novel therapies. Following the systemic or local administration of these neurotoxins, the marmosets with very severe Parkinson's symptoms are recommended to be placed in an intensive care unit with artificial feeding to increase survival rate. All procedures with MPTP should be conducted in a special room with enclosed cages under negative-pressure by trained researchers with personal protection. Behavioral tests are conducted to provide an external measure of the brain pathology. Along with several biomarkers, including α-synuclein and DJ-1, non-invasive neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are used to evaluate the functional changes associated with PD. With the recent growing interest in potential and novel therapies such as stem cell and gene therapy for PD in Korea, the marmoset can be considered as a suitable non-human primate model in PD research to bridge the gap between rodent studies and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Ahn
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Research Center, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon, Korea
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Potts LF, Uthayathas S, Greven ACM, Dyavarshetty B, Mouradian MM, Papa SM. A new quantitative rating scale for dyskinesia in nonhuman primates. Behav Pharmacol 2015; 26:109-16. [PMID: 25171151 PMCID: PMC4276436 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative scale to assess levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) in nonhuman primates using a video-based scoring system [Quantitative Dyskinesia Scale (QDS)]. Six macaques with stable Parkinsonism and LID were used for tests of the new QDS, in comparison with our current standardized scale (Drug-Related Side effects), which provides a classic subjective measurement of dyskinesia. QDS scoring is based on systematic movement counts in time frames, using videotape recordings. For both scales, body segments scored included each extremity, the trunk, the neck, and the face, and raters were blinded to L-dopa treatments. Comparison of the two scales revealed that their scores are highly correlated with and are parallel to the L-dopa pharmacokinetic profile, although the QDS provided significantly more quantifiable measurements. This remained the case after separating animals into groups of mild and severe dyskinesias. Inter-rater reliability for application of the QDS was confirmed from scores obtained by three examiners. We conclude that the QDS is a quantitative tool for reliably scoring LID in parkinsonian monkeys at all levels of severity of dyskinesia. The application of this new standard for scoring LID in primates will allow for more precise measurements of the effects of experimental treatments and will improve the quality of results obtained in translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Potts
- aDivision of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases bDepartment of Neurology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia cDepartment of Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Sundberg M, Isacson O. Advances in stem-cell–generated transplantation therapy for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:437-53. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.876986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Motor behavior correlates with striatal [18F]-DOPA uptake in MPTP-lesioned primates. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:349-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hayashi T, Wakao S, Kitada M, Ose T, Watabe H, Kuroda Y, Mitsunaga K, Matsuse D, Shigemoto T, Ito A, Ikeda H, Fukuyama H, Onoe H, Tabata Y, Dezawa M. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons function in parkinsonian macaques. J Clin Invest 2012. [PMID: 23202734 DOI: 10.1172/jci62516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell-based therapy for the replacement of dopaminergic neurons has been a long-term goal in Parkinson's disease research. Here, we show that autologous engraftment of A9 dopaminergic neuron-like cells induced from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) leads to long-term survival of the cells and restoration of motor function in hemiparkinsonian macaques. Differentiated MSCs expressed markers of A9 dopaminergic neurons and released dopamine after depolarization in vitro. The differentiated autologous cells were engrafted in the affected portion of the striatum. Animals that received transplants showed modest and gradual improvements in motor behaviors. Positron emission tomography (PET) using [11C]-CFT, a ligand for the dopamine transporter (DAT), revealed a dramatic increase in DAT expression, with a subsequent exponential decline over a period of 7 months. Kinetic analysis of the PET findings revealed that DAT expression remained above baseline levels for over 7 months. Immunohistochemical evaluations at 9 months consistently demonstrated the existence of cells positive for DAT and other A9 dopaminergic neuron markers in the engrafted striatum. These data suggest that transplantation of differentiated autologous MSCs may represent a safe and effective cell therapy for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hayashi
- Functional Probe Research Laboratory, Center for Molecular Imaging Science, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan.
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Ando K, Obayashi S, Nagai Y, Oh-Nishi A, Minamimoto T, Higuchi M, Inoue T, Itoh T, Suhara T. PET analysis of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in relation to immobility in the MPTP-treated common marmoset, a model for Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46371. [PMID: 23056291 PMCID: PMC3466292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Positron Emission Tomography (PET) measurement was applied to the brain of the common marmoset, a small primate species, treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The marmoset shows prominent Parkinson’s disease (PD) signs due to dopaminergic neural degeneration. Recently, the transgenic marmoset (TG) carrying human PD genes is developing. For phenotypic evaluations of TG, non-invasive PET measurement is considered to be substantially significant. As a reference control for TG, the brain of the MPTP-marmoset as an established and valid model was scanned by PET. Behavioral analysis was also performed by recording locomotion of the MPTP-marmoset, as an objective measure of PD signs. Methodology/Principal Findings Marmosets received several MPTP regimens (single MPTP regimen: 2 mg/kg, s.c., per day for 3 consecutive days) were used for PET measurement and behavioral observation. To measure immobility as a central PD sign, locomotion of marmosets in their individual living cages were recorded daily by infrared sensors. Daily locomotion counts decreased drastically after MPTP regimens and remained diminished for several months or more. PET scan of the brain, using [11C]PE2I as a ligand of the dopamine (DA) transporter, was performed once several months after the last MPTP regimen. The mean binding potential (BPND) in the striatum (putamen and caudate) of the MPTP-marmoset group was significantly lower than that of the MPTP-free control group (n = 5 for each group). In the MPTP-marmosets, the decrease of BPND in the striatum closely correlated with the decrease in locomotion counts (r = 0.98 in putamen and 0.91 in caudate). Conclusion/Significance The present characterization of neural degeneration using non-invasive PET imaging and of behavioral manifestation in the MPTP marmoset mimics typical PD characteristics and can be useful in evaluating the phenotype of TG marmosets being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Ando
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasakiku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Doi D, Morizane A, Kikuchi T, Onoe H, Hayashi T, Kawasaki T, Motono M, Sasai Y, Saiki H, Gomi M, Yoshikawa T, Hayashi H, Shinoyama M, Refaat MM, Suemori H, Miyamoto S, Takahashi J. Prolonged maturation culture favors a reduction in the tumorigenicity and the dopaminergic function of human ESC-derived neural cells in a primate model of Parkinson's disease. Stem Cells 2012; 30:935-45. [PMID: 22328536 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For the safe clinical application of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for neurological diseases, it is critical to evaluate the tumorigenicity and function of human ESC (hESC)-derived neural cells in primates. We have herein, for the first time, compared the growth and function of hESC-derived cells with different stages of neural differentiation implanted in the brains of primate models of Parkinson's disease. We herein show that residual undifferentiated cells expressing ESC markers present in the cell preparation can induce tumor formation in the monkey brain. In contrast, a cell preparation matured by 42-day culture with brain-derived neurotrophic factor/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF/GDNF) treatment did not form tumors and survived as primarily dopaminergic (DA) neurons. In addition, the monkeys with such grafts showed behavioral improvement for at least 12 months. These results support the idea that hESCs, if appropriately matured, can serve as a source for DA neurons without forming any tumors in a primate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Doi
- Department of Biological Repair, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Asakawa T, Sugiyama K, Akamine S, Yokoyama C, Shukuri M, Mizuma H, Tsukada H, Onoe H, Namba H. The food reaching test: a sensitive test of behavioral improvements by deep brain stimulation in MPTP-treated monkey. Neurosci Res 2012; 74:122-8. [PMID: 22850123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We modified an objective behavioral test, namely the food reaching test (FRT), for quantitative assessment of motor performance improved by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in the Parkinsonian monkeys. The symptomatic features and their severity in 3 monkeys treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were evaluated with a subjective monkey Parkinson's disease rating scale (PDRS). We then performed STN-DBS with the minimum current intensity that stopped the tremor. The time required for the monkeys to pick up all 5 pieces of potato (FRT time) was measured as a major index to evaluate bradykinesia. The success rate was adopted as another index for assessing overall motor impairments. Although both FRT time and PDRS score were similarly improved by STN-DBS, change of FRT time appeared more sensitive than that of PDRS scores. FRT is an easily trained behavioral test with high objectivity and sensitivity that can be applied for assessing motor performance in MPTP-treated monkeys during experiments in a restrained condition such as functional imaging of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Asakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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Huh JW, Kim YH, Park SJ, Kim DS, Lee SR, Kim KM, Jeong KJ, Kim JS, Song BS, Sim BW, Kim SU, Kim SH, Chang KT. Large-scale transcriptome sequencing and gene analyses in the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) for biomedical research. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:163. [PMID: 22554259 PMCID: PMC3496626 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a human replacement, the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is an invaluable non-human primate model for biomedical research, but the lack of genetic information on this primate has represented a significant obstacle for its broader use. RESULTS Here, we sequenced the transcriptome of 16 tissues originated from two individuals of crab-eating macaque (male and female), and identified genes to resolve the main obstacles for understanding the biological response of the crab-eating macaque. From 4 million reads with 1.4 billion base sequences, 31,786 isotigs containing genes similar to those of humans, 12,672 novel isotigs, and 348,160 singletons were identified using the GS FLX sequencing method. Approximately 86% of human genes were represented among the genes sequenced in this study. Additionally, 175 tissue-specific transcripts were identified, 81 of which were experimentally validated. In total, 4,314 alternative splicing (AS) events were identified and analyzed. Intriguingly, 10.4% of AS events were associated with transposable element (TE) insertions. Finally, investigation of TE exonization events and evolutionary analysis were conducted, revealing interesting phenomena of human-specific amplified trends in TE exonization events. CONCLUSIONS This report represents the first large-scale transcriptome sequencing and genetic analyses of M. fascicularis and could contribute to its utility for biomedical research and basic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Je Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Genome Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
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14
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Pharmacokinetic study of baicalein after oral administration in monkeys. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:532-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Nagai Y, Minamimoto T, Ando K, Obayashi S, Ito H, Ito N, Suhara T. Correlation between decreased motor activity and dopaminergic degeneration in the ventrolateral putamen in monkeys receiving repeated MPTP administrations: a positron emission tomography study. Neurosci Res 2012; 73:61-7. [PMID: 22374309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have remarkably reduced levels of dopaminergic biomarkers in the caudal putamen. However, the relationship between motor impairments and the localization of intrastriatal dopaminergic degeneration in monkey PD models remains unclear. To identify the striatal areas with dopaminergic dysfunction responsible for motor impairments, we measured changes in both general motor activity and in vivo dopaminergic biomarkers in three cynomolgus monkeys that repeatedly received 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), starting in the normal state and continuing until after tremor appearance. Binding of dopamine transporters (DAT) and D(2) receptors were measured by positron emission tomography (PET) using [(11)C]PE2I and [(11)C]raclopride, respectively. Region-of-interest-based regression analysis demonstrated the degree of general motor activity reduction to be explained by striatal DAT binding but not by D(2) receptor binding. Furthermore, voxel-based analysis revealed a significant correlation between reduced general motor activity and decreased DAT binding, specifically in the ventrolateral putamen, which corresponds to the area receiving upper body motor inputs from the primary motor cortex. These results suggest that specific functional deficits in PD models are closely related to the degeneration of dopaminergic terminals in the striatal subregion responsible for these functions and that the level of deficit is dependent on the degree of degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nagai
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Redmond DE. Behavioral Assessment in the African Green Monkey After MPTP Administration. NEUROMETHODS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-298-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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