1
|
Williams E, Payeur A, Gidon A, Naud R. Neural burst codes disguised as rate codes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15910. [PMID: 34354118 PMCID: PMC8342467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The burst coding hypothesis posits that the occurrence of sudden high-frequency patterns of action potentials constitutes a salient syllable of the neural code. Many neurons, however, do not produce clearly demarcated bursts, an observation invoked to rule out the pervasiveness of this coding scheme across brain areas and cell types. Here we ask how detrimental ambiguous spike patterns, those that are neither clearly bursts nor isolated spikes, are for neuronal information transfer. We addressed this question using information theory and computational simulations. By quantifying how information transmission depends on firing statistics, we found that the information transmitted is not strongly influenced by the presence of clearly demarcated modes in the interspike interval distribution, a feature often used to identify the presence of burst coding. Instead, we found that neurons having unimodal interval distributions were still able to ascribe different meanings to bursts and isolated spikes. In this regime, information transmission depends on dynamical properties of the synapses as well as the length and relative frequency of bursts. Furthermore, we found that common metrics used to quantify burstiness were unable to predict the degree with which bursts could be used to carry information. Our results provide guiding principles for the implementation of coding strategies based on spike-timing patterns, and show that even unimodal firing statistics can be consistent with a bivariate neural code.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Williams
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Alexandre Payeur
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Albert Gidon
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Naud
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, K1H 8M5 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brill M, Schwab F. T-pattern analysis and spike train dissimilarity for the analysis of structure in blinking behavior. Physiol Behav 2020; 227:113163. [PMID: 32891608 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous eye-blinks are a ubiquitous behavior. However, blink timing is not random, nor does it always follow physiological demands. Research rather suggests that blink timing, and thus the structure of blinking behavior, is influenced by cognitive processes, such as attention. Since attention is regarded a necessary precursor of media use phenomena, the present study investigates the relation between the structure of blinking behavior and the media use phenomenon of spatial presence. To this end, spontaneous eye-blinks have been observed in an experiment during the reception of a video story. The methods of T-pattern analysis, ISI distance, and IBI variability have been used to quantify stimulus-dependent blink structure, which has then been related to self-reports of spatial presence experiences. While the T-pattern analysis and ISI distance showed converging results for behavior structure, a hypothesized relation between more stimulus-dependent blink structure and stronger presence experiences was not found. On the contrary, blink data suggested a difference in attention allocation, whereas self-report data indicated no difference in presence experiences. This demonstrates that beyond self-report and the analysis of event frequencies, the analysis of behavior structure offers insights into behavior synchronization between participants, allowing for new inferences on internal processing of media stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brill
- University of Würzburg, Department of Media Psychology, Oswald-Külpe-Weg 82, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Schwab
- University of Würzburg, Department of Media Psychology, Oswald-Külpe-Weg 82, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gunasekaran H, Spigler G, Mazzoni A, Cataldo E, Oddo CM. Convergence of regular spiking and intrinsically bursting Izhikevich neuron models as a function of discretization time with Euler method. Neurocomputing 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
4
|
Humphries MD. Dynamical networks: Finding, measuring, and tracking neural population activity using network science. Netw Neurosci 2017; 1:324-338. [PMID: 30090869 PMCID: PMC6063717 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems neuroscience is in a headlong rush to record from as many neurons at the same time as possible. As the brain computes and codes using neuron populations, it is hoped these data will uncover the fundamentals of neural computation. But with hundreds, thousands, or more simultaneously recorded neurons come the inescapable problems of visualizing, describing, and quantifying their interactions. Here I argue that network science provides a set of scalable, analytical tools that already solve these problems. By treating neurons as nodes and their interactions as links, a single network can visualize and describe an arbitrarily large recording. I show that with this description we can quantify the effects of manipulating a neural circuit, track changes in population dynamics over time, and quantitatively define theoretical concepts of neural populations such as cell assemblies. Using network science as a core part of analyzing population recordings will thus provide both qualitative and quantitative advances to our understanding of neural computation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Humphries
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gärtner M, Duvarci S, Roeper J, Schneider G. Detecting joint pausiness in parallel spike trains. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 285:69-81. [PMID: 28495371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient periods with reduced neuronal discharge - called 'pauses' - have recently gained increasing attention. In dopamine neurons, pauses are considered important teaching signals, encoding negative reward prediction errors. Particularly simultaneous pauses are likely to have increased impact on information processing. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Available methods for detecting joint pausing analyze temporal overlap of pauses across spike trains. Such techniques are threshold dependent and can fail to identify joint pauses that are easily detectable by eye, particularly in spike trains with different firing rates. NEW METHOD We introduce a new statistic called pausiness that measures the degree of synchronous pausing in spike train pairs and avoids threshold-dependent identification of specific pauses. A new graphic termed the cross-pauseogram compares the joint pausiness of two spike trains with its time shifted analogue, such that a (pausiness) peak indicates joint pausing. When assessing significance of pausiness peaks, we use a stochastic model with synchronous spikes to disentangle joint pausiness arising from synchronous spikes from additional 'joint excess pausiness' (JEP). Parameter estimates are obtained from auto- and cross-correlograms, and statistical significance is assessed by comparison to simulated cross-pauseograms. RESULTS Our new method was applied to dopamine neuron pairs recorded in the ventral tegmental area of awake behaving mice. Significant JEP was detected in about 20% of the pairs. CONCLUSION Given the neurophysiological importance of pauses and the fact that neurons integrate multiple inputs, our findings suggest that the analysis of JEP can reveal interesting aspects in the activity of simultaneously recorded neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gärtner
- Institute of Mathematics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Sevil Duvarci
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Jochen Roeper
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Gaby Schneider
- Institute of Mathematics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Satuvuori E, Mulansky M, Bozanic N, Malvestio I, Zeldenrust F, Lenk K, Kreuz T. Measures of spike train synchrony for data with multiple time scales. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 287:25-38. [PMID: 28583477 PMCID: PMC5508708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measures of spike train synchrony are widely used in both experimental and computational neuroscience. Time-scale independent and parameter-free measures, such as the ISI-distance, the SPIKE-distance and SPIKE-synchronization, are preferable to time scale parametric measures, since by adapting to the local firing rate they take into account all the time scales of a given dataset. NEW METHOD In data containing multiple time scales (e.g. regular spiking and bursts) one is typically less interested in the smallest time scales and a more adaptive approach is needed. Here we propose the A-ISI-distance, the A-SPIKE-distance and A-SPIKE-synchronization, which generalize the original measures by considering the local relative to the global time scales. For the A-SPIKE-distance we also introduce a rate-independent extension called the RIA-SPIKE-distance, which focuses specifically on spike timing. RESULTS The adaptive generalizations A-ISI-distance and A-SPIKE-distance allow to disregard spike time differences that are not relevant on a more global scale. A-SPIKE-synchronization does not any longer demand an unreasonably high accuracy for spike doublets and coinciding bursts. Finally, the RIA-SPIKE-distance proves to be independent of rate ratios between spike trains. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We find that compared to the original versions the A-ISI-distance and the A-SPIKE-distance yield improvements for spike trains containing different time scales without exhibiting any unwanted side effects in other examples. A-SPIKE-synchronization matches spikes more efficiently than SPIKE-synchronization. CONCLUSIONS With these proposals we have completed the picture, since we now provide adaptive generalized measures that are sensitive to firing rate only (A-ISI-distance), to timing only (ARI-SPIKE-distance), and to both at the same time (A-SPIKE-distance).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eero Satuvuori
- Institute for Complex Systems, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; MOVE Research Institute, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mario Mulansky
- Institute for Complex Systems, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Nebojsa Bozanic
- Institute for Complex Systems, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Irene Malvestio
- Institute for Complex Systems, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fleur Zeldenrust
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kerstin Lenk
- BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kreuz
- Institute for Complex Systems, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Johnson SE, Hudson JL, Kapur J. Synchronization of action potentials during low-magnesium-induced bursting. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:2461-70. [PMID: 25609103 PMCID: PMC4416584 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00286.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between mono- and polysynaptic strength and action potential synchronization was explored using a reduced external Mg(2+) model. Single and dual whole cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in hippocampal cultures in three concentrations of external Mg(2+). In decreased Mg(2+) medium, the individual cells transitioned to spontaneous bursting behavior. In lowered Mg(2+) media the larger excitatory synaptic events were observed more frequently and fewer transmission failures occurred, suggesting strengthened synaptic transmission. The event synchronization was calculated for the neural action potentials of the cell pairs, and it increased in media where Mg(2+) concentration was lowered. Analysis of surrogate data where bursting was present, but no direct or indirect connections existed between the neurons, showed minimal action potential synchronization. This suggests the synchronization of action potentials is a product of the strengthening synaptic connections within neuronal networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - John L Hudson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Jaideep Kapur
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Frost W, Brandon C, Bruno A, Humphries M, Moore-Kochlacs C, Sejnowski T, Wang J, Hill E. Monitoring Spiking Activity of Many Individual Neurons in Invertebrate Ganglia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 859:127-45. [PMID: 26238051 PMCID: PMC4560204 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17641-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical recording with fast voltage sensitive dyes makes it possible, in suitable preparations, to simultaneously monitor the action potentials of large numbers of individual neurons. Here we describe methods for doing this, including considerations of different dyes and imaging systems, methods for correlating the optical signals with their source neurons, procedures for getting good signals, and the use of Independent Component Analysis for spike-sorting raw optical data into single neuron traces. These combined tools represent a powerful approach for large-scale recording of neural networks with high temporal and spatial resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W.N. Frost
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - C.J. Brandon
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - A.M. Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - M.D. Humphries
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C. Moore-Kochlacs
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA,McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - T.J. Sejnowski
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - E.S. Hill
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hill ES, Bruno AM, Frost WN. Recent developments in VSD imaging of small neuronal networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:499-505. [PMID: 25225295 PMCID: PMC4175494 DOI: 10.1101/lm.035964.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging is a powerful technique that can provide, in single experiments, a large-scale view of network activity unobtainable with traditional sharp electrode recording methods. Here we review recent work using VSDs to study small networks and highlight several results from this approach. Topics covered include circuit mapping, network multifunctionality, the network basis of decision making, and the presence of variably participating neurons in networks. Analytical tools being developed and applied to large-scale VSD imaging data sets are discussed, and the future prospects for this exciting field are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan S Hill
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
| | - Angela M Bruno
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA Department of Neuroscience, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
| | - William N Frost
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Revealing cell assemblies at multiple levels of granularity. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 236:92-106. [PMID: 25169050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current neuronal monitoring techniques, such as calcium imaging and multi-electrode arrays, enable recordings of spiking activity from hundreds of neurons simultaneously. Of primary importance in systems neuroscience is the identification of cell assemblies: groups of neurons that cooperate in some form within the recorded population. NEW METHOD We introduce a simple, integrated framework for the detection of cell-assemblies from spiking data without a priori assumptions about the size or number of groups present. We define a biophysically-inspired measure to extract a directed functional connectivity matrix between both excitatory and inhibitory neurons based on their spiking history. The resulting network representation is analyzed using the Markov Stability framework, a graph theoretical method for community detection across scales, to reveal groups of neurons that are significantly related in the recorded time-series at different levels of granularity. RESULTS AND COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Using synthetic spike-trains, including simulated data from leaky-integrate-and-fire networks, our method is able to identify important patterns in the data such as hierarchical structure that are missed by other standard methods. We further apply the method to experimental data from retinal ganglion cells of mouse and salamander, in which we identify cell-groups that correspond to known functional types, and to hippocampal recordings from rats exploring a linear track, where we detect place cells with high fidelity. CONCLUSIONS We present a versatile method to detect neural assemblies in spiking data applicable across a spectrum of relevant scales that contributes to understanding spatio-temporal information gathered from systems neuroscience experiments.
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsanov M, Chah E, Reilly R, O'Mara SM. Respiratory cycle entrainment of septal neurons mediates the fast coupling of sniffing rate and hippocampal theta rhythm. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 39:957-974. [PMID: 24329896 PMCID: PMC4165309 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Memory for odour information may result from temporal coupling between the olfactory and hippocampal systems. Respiration defines the frequency of olfactory perception, but how the respiratory rate affects hippocampal oscillations remains poorly understood. The afferent connectivity of the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca complex (MS/DB) proposes this region as a crossroads between respiratory and limbic pathways. Here we investigate if the firing rates of septal neurons integrate respiratory rate signals. We demonstrate that approximately 50% of MS/DB neurons are temporally correlated with sniffing frequency. Moreover, a group of slow-spiking septal neurons are phase-locked to the sniffing cycle. We show that inter-burst intervals of MS/DB theta cells relate to the sniff rate. Intranasal odour infusion evokes sniff phase preference for the activity of fast-spiking MS/DB neurons. Concurrently, the infusion augments the correlation between sniffing and limbic theta oscillations. During periods of sniffing–theta correlation, CA1 place cells fired preferentially during the inhalation phase, suggesting the theta cycle as a coherent time frame for central olfactory processing. Furthermore, injection of the GABAergic agonist muscimol into medial septum induces a parallel decrease of sniffing and theta frequencies. Our findings provide experimental evidence that MS/DB does not merely generate theta rhythm, but actively integrates sensorimotor stimuli that reflect sniffing rate. Such integration may provide temporal oscillatory synchronisation of MS/DB-innervated limbic structures with the sniffing cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Tsanov
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland; School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Synchronous firing of antennal-lobe projection neurons encodes the behaviorally effective ratio of sex-pheromone components in male Manduca sexta. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2013; 199:963-79. [PMID: 24002682 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-013-0849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory stimuli that are essential to an animal's survival and reproduction are often complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds in characteristic proportions. Here, we investigated how these proportions are encoded in the primary olfactory processing center, the antennal lobe, of male Manduca sexta moths. Two key components of the female's sex pheromone, present in an approximately 2:1 ratio, are processed in each of two neighboring glomeruli in the macroglomerular complex (MGC) of males of this species. In wind-tunnel flight experiments, males exhibited behavioral selectivity for ratios approximating the ratio released by conspecific females. The ratio between components was poorly represented, however, in the firing-rate output of uniglomerular MGC projection neurons (PNs). PN firing rate was mostly insensitive to the ratio between components, and individual PNs did not exhibit a preference for a particular ratio. Recording simultaneously from pairs of PNs in the same glomerulus, we found that the natural ratio between components elicited the most synchronous spikes, and altering the proportion of either component decreased the proportion of synchronous spikes. The degree of synchronous firing between PNs in the same glomerulus thus selectively encodes the natural ratio that most effectively evokes the natural behavioral response to pheromone.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeldenrust F, Chameau PJP, Wadman WJ. Reliability of spike and burst firing in thalamocortical relay cells. J Comput Neurosci 2013; 35:317-34. [PMID: 23708878 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-013-0454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The reliability and precision of the timing of spikes in a spike train is an important aspect of neuronal coding. We investigated reliability in thalamocortical relay (TCR) cells in the acute slice and also in a Morris-Lecar model with several extensions. A frozen Gaussian noise current, superimposed on a DC current, was injected into the TCR cell soma. The neuron responded with spike trains that showed trial-to-trial variability, due to amongst others slow changes in its internal state and the experimental setup. The DC current allowed to bring the neuron in different states, characterized by a well defined membrane voltage (between -80 and -50 mV) and by a specific firing regime that on depolarization gradually shifted from a predominantly bursting regime to a tonic spiking regime. The filtered frozen white noise generated a spike pattern output with a broad spike interval distribution. The coincidence factor and the Hunter and Milton measure were used as reliability measures of the output spike train. In the experimental TCR cell as well as the Morris-Lecar model cell the reliability depends on the shape (steepness) of the current input versus spike frequency output curve. The model also allowed to study the contribution of three relevant ionic membrane currents to reliability: a T-type calcium current, a cation selective h-current and a calcium dependent potassium current in order to allow bursting, investigate the consequences of a more complex current-frequency relation and produce realistic firing rates. The reliability of the output of the TCR cell increases with depolarization. In hyperpolarized states bursts are more reliable than single spikes. The analytically derived relations were capable to predict several of the experimentally recorded spike features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Zeldenrust
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, 1090, GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Berry T, Hamilton F, Peixoto N, Sauer T. Detecting connectivity changes in neuronal networks. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 209:388-97. [PMID: 22771714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We develop a method from semiparametric statistics (Cox, 1972) for the purpose of tracking links and connection strengths over time in a neuronal network from spike train data. We consider application of the method as implemented in Masud and Borisyuk (2011), and evaluate its use on data generated independently of the Cox model hypothesis, in particular from a spiking model of Izhikevich in four different dynamical regimes. Then, we show how the Cox method can be used to determine statistically significant changes in network connectivity over time. Our methodology is demonstrated using spike trains from multi-electrode array measurements of networks of cultured mammalian spinal cord cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyrus Berry
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|