1
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Warburton L, Rubinsky B. Cryopreservation of 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds with Temperature-Controlled-Cryoprinting. Gels 2023; 9:502. [PMID: 37367172 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature-Controlled-Cryoprinting (TCC) is a new 3D bioprinting technology that allows for the fabrication and cryopreservation of complex and large cell-laden scaffolds. During TCC, bioink is deposited on a freezing plate that descends further into a cooling bath, keeping the temperature at the nozzle constant. To demonstrate the effectiveness of TCC, we used it to fabricate and cryopreserve cell-laden 3D alginate-based scaffolds with high cell viability and no size limitations. Our results show that Vero cells in a 3D TCC bioprinted scaffold can survive cryopreservation with a viability of 71%, and cell viability does not decrease as higher layers are printed. In contrast, previous methods had either low cell viability or decreasing efficacy for tall or thick scaffolds. We used an optimal temperature profile for freezing during 3D printing using the two-step interrupted cryopreservation method and evaluated drops in cell viability during the various stages of TCC. Our findings suggest that TCC has significant potential for advancing 3D cell culture and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Warburton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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2
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Methods for shipping live primary cortical and hippocampal neuron cultures from postnatal mice. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 4:100069. [PMID: 36589676 PMCID: PMC9794877 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary neuronal cultures have proven to be a powerful tool for studying mechanisms in neuroscience. It is technically challenging and expensive to reproduce high quality viable neuronal cultures. Laboratories that are not experienced or equipped to prepare primary neuron cultures may have difficulty producing consistent cultures for experiments. It has previously been shown that live rat embryonic hippocampal cultures can be shipped from laboratories that produce them. Here, we show that variations to this procedure allow for shipping postnatal mouse cultures of hippocampal and cortical primary neurons using standard commercial couriers. We also show that after shipping, primary neurons are viable, express synaptic markers, and demonstrate physiological activity, making them relevant models over immortalized cell lines. Among the many applications of this technique would be the preparation of cultured neurons from transgenic mouse lines in one laboratory and sharing them with distant collaborators, reducing variability.
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3
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Huang Z, Liu W, Liu B, He X, Guo H, Xue S, Yan X, Jaganathan GK. Cryopreservation of human T lymphocytes under fast cooling with controlled ice nucleation in cryoprotective solutions of low toxicity. Cryobiology 2021; 103:92-100. [PMID: 34508713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of human T lymphocytes has become an essential tool for some cell-based immunotherapy. However, the cryopreservation procedure of the cells has not been systematically studied. In particular, the key factors of ice seeding and cryoprotective agents (CPA) driving the success of cryopreservation remain unclear. We systematically investigated the key factors, including cooling rate, ice-seeding temperature, CPA concentration, and types of CPA, during cryopreservation of human T lymphocytes with controlled ice nucleation. We found that ice seeding at below -10 °C could enable human T lymphocytes to be cooled at 90 °C min-1 with high relative viability and recovery after rewarming, 94.9% and 90.2%, respectively, which are significantly higher than those without ice seeding (P < 0.001). After optimization, the concentration of dimethyl sulphoxide was as low as 2% (v/v) with relative viability and recovery of 95.4% and 100.8%, respectively, at the cooling rate of 90 °C min-1 after ice seeding at -16 °C. The cryopreservation procedure developed in this study could facilitate the understanding of the mechanism for ice seeding and cell injury and offer a promising cryopreservation method with a high cooling rate and extremely low toxicity for extensive clinical application of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Huang
- Institute of Biothermal and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Biothermal and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Institute of Biothermal and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Xiaowen He
- Origincell Technology Group Co, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hao Guo
- Origincell Technology Group Co, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Suxia Xue
- Origincell Technology Group Co, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yan
- Origincell Technology Group Co, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ganesh K Jaganathan
- Institute of Biothermal and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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4
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Bojic S, Murray A, Bentley BL, Spindler R, Pawlik P, Cordeiro JL, Bauer R, de Magalhães JP. Winter is coming: the future of cryopreservation. BMC Biol 2021; 19:56. [PMID: 33761937 PMCID: PMC7989039 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservative effects of low temperature on biological materials have been long recognised, and cryopreservation is now widely used in biomedicine, including in organ transplantation, regenerative medicine and drug discovery. The lack of organs for transplantation constitutes a major medical challenge, stemming largely from the inability to preserve donated organs until a suitable recipient is found. Here, we review the latest cryopreservation methods and applications. We describe the main challenges-scaling up to large volumes and complex tissues, preventing ice formation and mitigating cryoprotectant toxicity-discuss advantages and disadvantages of current methods and outline prospects for the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Bojic
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Alex Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Barry L Bentley
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,Magdalene College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Piotr Pawlik
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Roman Bauer
- Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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5
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Cui ZK, Li SY, Liao K, Wang ZJ, Guo YL, Tang LS, Tang SB, Ma JH, Chen JS. Characteristics of neural growth and cryopreservation of the dorsal root ganglion using three-dimensional collagen hydrogel culture versus conventional culture. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1856-1864. [PMID: 33510093 PMCID: PMC8328787 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, most somatosensory pathways begin with the activation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The development of an appropriate DRG culture method is a prerequisite for establishing in vitro peripheral nerve disease models and for screening therapeutic drugs. In this study, we compared the changes in morphology, molecular biology, and transcriptomics of chicken embryo DRG cultured on tissue culture plates (T-DRG) versus three-dimensional collagen hydrogels (C-DRG). Our results showed that after 7 days of culture, the transcriptomics of T-DRG and C-DRG were quite different. The upregulated genes in C-DRG were mainly related to neurogenesis, axon guidance, and synaptic plasticity, whereas the downregulated genes in C-DRG were mainly related to cell proliferation and cell division. In addition, the genes related to cycles/pathways such as the synaptic vesicle cycle, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway, and calcium signaling pathway were activated, while those related to cell-cycle pathways were downregulated. Furthermore, neurogenesis- and myelination-related genes were highly expressed in C-DRG, while epithelial–mesenchymal transition-, apoptosis-, and cell division-related genes were suppressed. Morphological results indicated that the numbers of branches, junctions, and end-point voxels per C-DRG were significantly greater than those per T-DRG. Furthermore, cells were scattered in T-DRG and more concentrated in C-DRG, with a higher ratio of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU)-positive cells in T-DRG compared with C-DRG. C-DRG also had higher S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and lower α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression than T-DRG, and contained fewer terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells after 48 hours of serum starvation. After cryopreservation, C-DRG maintained more intact morphological characteristics, and had higher viability and less TUNEL-positive cells than T-DRG. Furthermore, newly formed nerve bundles were able to grow along the existing Schwann cells in C-DRG. These results suggest that C-DRG may be a promising in vitro culture model, with better nerve growth and anti-apoptotic ability, quiescent Schwann cells, and higher viability. Results from this study provide a reference for the construction, storage, and transportation of tissue-engineered nerves. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, China (approval No. 2020-IRB16), on March 15, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Kai Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Aier Eye Institute; Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shen-Yang Li
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Liao
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Wang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong-Long Guo
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University; Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Luo-Sheng Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Bo Tang
- Aier Eye Institute; Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jacey Hongjie Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province; Imaging and Functional Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Su Chen
- Aier Eye Institute; Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province; Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University; Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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6
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Torregrosa T, Webster S, Aghaizu C, Soucy JR, Bertucci C, Plant L, Koppes AN, Koppes RA. Cryopreservation and functional analysis of cardiac autonomic neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 341:108724. [PMID: 32423864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generally, primary neurons are isolated and seeded within hours of isolation, but cryopreservation, documented for a small number of central and peripheral neuronal subtypes, can contribute to improved utility and reduce the cost of developing new in vitro models. The preservation of cells of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), specifically sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons, has not been explored. NEW METHOD In this work, we establish a method for preserving cardiac ANS neurons as well as evaluating the phenotypical changes of dissociated superior cervical ganglia (sympathetic neurons) and intracardiac ganglia (parasympathetic neurons) for up to a month of storage in liquid nitrogen. RESULTS Neuron populations maintained a viability of at least 35%, and the extent of neurite outgrowth was not different from fresh cells, regardless of the storage duration studied. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyl transferase were maintained over one month of cryopreservation in sympathetic and parasympathetic populations, respectively. Electrophysiological recordings for both neuron types indicate sustained characteristic resting potentials, excitability, and action potentials after more than one month in liquid nitrogen. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Primary cultures of the autonomic nervous system have been previously established for in vitro investigations. This is the first example of preserving primary ANS neuron cultures for long-term on-demand use. CONCLUSIONS This report describes a readily implemented method for cryopreserving sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons that does not alter neither morphological nor electrophysiological characteristics. This methodology expands the utility of ANS cultures for use in morphological and functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Torregrosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Sophie Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Chiamaka Aghaizu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan R Soucy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Christopher Bertucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Leigh Plant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Abigail N Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Ryan A Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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7
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Ishizuka Y, Bramham CR. A simple DMSO-based method for cryopreservation of primary hippocampal and cortical neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 333:108578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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8
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Leitner D, Ramamoorthy M, Dejosez M, Zwaka TP. Immature mDA neurons ameliorate motor deficits in a 6-OHDA Parkinson's disease mouse model and are functional after cryopreservation. Stem Cell Res 2019; 41:101617. [PMID: 31731178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Clinical studies investigating replacement of these neurons with in vitro-generated neurons are currently underway. However, this approach has been limited by difficulties in scaling up on-demand production of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons from pluripotent stem cells. Cryo-preservation may offer a solution, as it allows for banking of quality controlled mDA neurons. In this study, we tested different freezing conditions and found that optimal cryopreservation of immature human mDA neurons at an early differentiation time point was achieved in STEM-CELLBANKER medium using a controlled freezing program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Leitner
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Huffington Foundation Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Mahesh Ramamoorthy
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Huffington Foundation Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Marion Dejosez
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Huffington Foundation Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Thomas P Zwaka
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Huffington Foundation Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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9
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Gretzinger S, Limbrunner S, Hubbuch J. Automated image processing as an analytical tool in cell cryopreservation for bioprocess development. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:665-675. [PMID: 30719546 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The continuous availability of cells with defined cell characteristics represents a crucial issue in the biopharmaceutical and cell therapy industry. Here, development of cell banks with a long-term stability is essential and ensured by a cryopreservation strategy. The strategy needs to be optimized for each cell application individually and usually comprises controlled freezing, storage at ultra-low temperature, and fast thawing of cells. This approach is implemented by the development of master and working cell banks. Currently, empirical cryopreservation strategy development is standard, but a knowledge-based approach would be highly advantageous. In this article, we report the development of a video-based tool for the characterisation of freezing and thawing behaviour in cryopreservation process to enable a more knowledge-based cryopreservation process development. A successful tool validation was performed with a model cryopreservation process for the β-cell line INS-1E. Performance was evaluated for two working volumes (1.0 mL and 2.0 mL), based on freezing-thawing rates (20 °C to - 80 °C) and cell recovery and increase of biomass, to determine tool flexibility and practicality. Evaluation confirmed flexibility by correctly identifying a delay in freezing and thawing for the larger working volume. Further more, a decrease in cell recovery from 0.94 (± 0.14) % using 1.0 mL working volume to 0.61 (± 0.05) % using a 2.0 mL working volume displays tool practicality. The video-based tool proposed in this study presents a powerful tool for cell-specific optimisation of cryopreservation protocols. This can facilitate faster and more knowledge-based cryopreservation process development In this study, a video-based analytical tool was developed for the characterisation of freezing and thawing behaviour in cryopreservation process development. Evaluation of the practicality and flexibility of the developed tool was done based on a scale-up case study with the cell line INS-1E. Here, the influence of sample working volume on process performance was investigated. Increasing the volume from 1to 2 mL led to a delay in freezing and thawing behaviour which caused cell recovery loss. We believe that the developed tool will facilitate more directed and systematic cryopreservation process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gretzinger
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefanie Limbrunner
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. .,Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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10
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A Comprehensive Human Gastric Cancer Organoid Biobank Captures Tumor Subtype Heterogeneity and Enables Therapeutic Screening. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:882-897.e11. [PMID: 30344100 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer displays marked molecular heterogeneity with aggressive behavior and treatment resistance. Therefore, good in vitro models that encompass unique subtypes are urgently needed for precision medicine development. Here, we have established a primary gastric cancer organoid (GCO) biobank that comprises normal, dysplastic, cancer, and lymph node metastases (n = 63) from 34 patients, including detailed whole-exome and transcriptome analysis. The cohort encompasses most known molecular subtypes (including EBV, MSI, intestinal/CIN, and diffuse/GS, with CLDN18-ARHGAP6 or CTNND1-ARHGAP26 fusions or RHOA mutations), capturing regional heterogeneity and subclonal architecture, while their morphology, transcriptome, and genomic profiles remain closely similar to in vivo tumors, even after long-term culture. Large-scale drug screening revealed sensitivity to unexpected drugs that were recently approved or in clinical trials, including Napabucasin, Abemaciclib, and the ATR inhibitor VE-822. Overall, this new GCO biobank, with linked genomic data, provides a useful resource for studying both cancer cell biology and precision cancer therapy.
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High Fidelity Cryopreservation and Recovery of Primary Rodent Cortical Neurons. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-MNT-0135-18. [PMID: 30263951 PMCID: PMC6158653 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0135-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cryopreservation improves reproducibility and enables flexibility in experimental design. Although conventional freezing methodologies have been used to preserve primary neurons, poor cell viability and reduced survival severely limited their utility. We screened several high-performance freezing media and found that CryoStor10 (CS10) provided superior cryoprotection to primary mouse embryonic cortical neurons compared to other commercially-available or traditional reagents, permitting the recovery of 68.8% of cells relative to a fresh dissection. We characterized developmental, morphometric, and functional indicators of neuron maturation and found that, without exception, neurons recovered from cryostorage in CS10 media faithfully recapitulate in vitro neurodevelopment in-step with neurons obtained by fresh dissection. Our method establishes cryopreserved neurons as a reliable, efficient, and equivalent model to fresh neuron cultures.
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12
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Pischedda F, Montani C, Obergasteiger J, Frapporti G, Corti C, Rosato Siri M, Volta M, Piccoli G. Cryopreservation of Primary Mouse Neurons: The Benefit of Neurostore Cryoprotective Medium. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:81. [PMID: 29623032 PMCID: PMC5874515 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary neuronal culture from rodents is a well-established model to investigate cellular neurobiology in vitro. However, for this purpose cell cultures need to be generated expressly, requiring extensive animal handling. Furthermore, often the preparation of fresh culture generates an excess of cells that are ultimately wasted. Therefore the ability to successfully cryopreserve primary neural cells would represent an important resource for neuroscience research and would allow to significantly reduce the sacrifice of animals. We describe here a novel freezing medium that allows long-term cryopreservation of primary mouse neurons prepared from E15.5 embryos. Combining imaging, biochemical and electrophysiological analyses, we found that cryopreserved cultures are viable and mature regarding morphology and functionality. These findings suggest that cryopreserved neurons are a valuable alternative to acutely dissociated neural cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Montani
- CIBIO, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Julia Obergasteiger
- Institute for Biomedicine, EURAC Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Frapporti
- Institute for Biomedicine, EURAC Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Corrado Corti
- Institute for Biomedicine, EURAC Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marcelo Rosato Siri
- Institute for Biomedicine, EURAC Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mattia Volta
- Institute for Biomedicine, EURAC Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- CIBIO, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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13
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Volovitz I, Shapira N, Ezer H, Gafni A, Lustgarten M, Alter T, Ben-Horin I, Barzilai O, Shahar T, Kanner A, Fried I, Veshchev I, Grossman R, Ram Z. A non-aggressive, highly efficient, enzymatic method for dissociation of human brain-tumors and brain-tissues to viable single-cells. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:30. [PMID: 27251756 PMCID: PMC4888249 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conducting research on the molecular biology, immunology, and physiology of brain tumors (BTs) and primary brain tissues requires the use of viably dissociated single cells. Inadequate methods for tissue dissociation generate considerable loss in the quantity of single cells produced and in the produced cells’ viability. Improper dissociation may also demote the quality of data attained in functional and molecular assays due to the presence of large quantities cellular debris containing immune-activatory danger associated molecular patterns, and due to the increased quantities of degraded proteins and RNA. Results Over 40 resected BTs and non-tumorous brain tissue samples were dissociated into single cells by mechanical dissociation or by mechanical and enzymatic dissociation. The quality of dissociation was compared for all frequently used dissociation enzymes (collagenase, DNase, hyaluronidase, papain, dispase) and for neutral protease (NP) from Clostridium histolyticum. Single-cell-dissociated cell mixtures were evaluated for cellular viability and for the cell-mixture dissociation quality. Dissociation quality was graded by the quantity of subcellular debris, non-dissociated cell clumps, and DNA released from dead cells. Of all enzymes or enzyme combinations examined, NP (an enzyme previously not evaluated on brain tissues) produced dissociated cell mixtures with the highest mean cellular viability: 93 % in gliomas, 85 % in brain metastases, and 89 % in non-tumorous brain tissue. NP also produced cell mixtures with significantly less cellular debris than other enzymes tested. Dissociation using NP was non-aggressive over time—no changes in cell viability or dissociation quality were found when comparing 2-h dissociation at 37 °C to overnight dissociation at ambient temperature. Conclusions The use of NP allows for the most effective dissociation of viable single cells from human BTs or brain tissue. Its non-aggressive dissociative capacity may enable ambient-temperature shipping of tumor pieces in multi-center clinical trials, meanwhile being dissociated. As clinical grade NP is commercially available it can be easily integrated into cell-therapy clinical trials in neuro-oncology. The high quality viable cells produced may enable investigators to conduct more consistent research by avoiding the experimental artifacts associated with the presence dead cells or cellular debris. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-016-0262-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Volovitz
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Netanel Shapira
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Ezer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Galilee Medical Center, Lohamei HaGeta'ot 5, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Aviv Gafni
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Merav Lustgarten
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Alter
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Idan Ben-Horin
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Barzilai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Shahar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrew Kanner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itzhak Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Igor Veshchev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Grossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi Ram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Cryopreservation by slow cooling of rat neuronal cells. Cryobiology 2016; 72:191-7. [PMID: 27164058 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although primary neuronal cells are routinely used for neuroscience research, with potential clinical applications such as neuronal transplantation and tissue engineering, a gold standard protocol for preservation has not been yet developed. In the present work, a slow cooling methodology without ice seeding was studied and optimized for cryopreservation of rat cerebellar granular cells. Parameters such as cooling rate, plunge temperature and cryoprotective agent concentration were assessed using a custom built device based on Pye's freezer idea. Cryopreservation outcome was evaluated by post thawing cell viability/viable cell yield and in culture viability over a period of 14 days. The best outcome was achieved when 10% of Me2SO as cryoprotective agent, a cooling rate of 3.1 ± 0.2 °C/min and a plunge temperature of -48.2 ± 1.5 °C were applied. The granular cells cryopreserved under these conditions exhibited a cell viability of 82.7 ± 2.7% and a viable cell yield of 28.6 ± 2.2%. Moreover, cell viability in culture remained above 50%, very similar to not cryopreserved cells (control). Our results also suggest that post-thaw viability (based on membrane integrity assays) not necessarily reflects the quality of the cryopreservation procedure and proper functionality tests must be carried out in order to optimize both post thaw viability/cell yield and in culture performance.
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15
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Finasteride inhibits human prostate cancer cell invasion through MMP2 and MMP9 downregulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84757. [PMID: 24386413 PMCID: PMC3875555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of the 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) finasteride and dutasteride for prostate cancer prevention is still under debate. The FDA recently concluded that the increased prevalence of high-grade tumors among 5-ARI-treated patients must not be neglected, and they decided to disallow the use of 5-ARIs for prostate cancer prevention. This study was conducted to verify the effects of finasteride on prostate cell migration and invasion and the related enzymes/proteins in normal human and tumoral prostatic cell lines. Materials and Methods RWPE-1, LNCaP, PC3 and DU145 cells were cultivated to 60% confluence and exposed for different periods to either 10 µM or 50 µM finasteride that was diluted in culture medium. The conditioned media were collected and concentrated, and MMP2 and MMP9 activities and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 protein expression were determined. Cell viability, migration and invasion were analyzed, and the remaining cell extracts were submitted to androgen receptor (AR) detection by western blotting techniques. Experiments were carried out in triplicate. Results Cell viability was not significantly affected by finasteride exposure. Finasteride significantly downregulated MMP2 and MMP9 activities in RWPE-1 and PC3 cells and MMP2 in DU145 cells. TIMP-2 expression in RWPE-1 cells was upregulated after exposure. The cell invasion of all four tested cell lines was inhibited by exposure to 50 µM of finasteride, and migration inhibition only occurred for RWPE-1 and LNCaP cells. AR was expressed by LNCaP, RWPE-1 and PC3 cells. Conclusions Although the debate on the higher incidence of high-grade prostate cancer among 5-ARI-treated patients remains, our findings indicate that finasteride may attenuate tumor aggressiveness and invasion, which could vary depending on the androgen responsiveness of a patient’s prostate cells.
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Karlsson JOM, Szurek EA, Higgins AZ, Lee SR, Eroglu A. Optimization of cryoprotectant loading into murine and human oocytes. Cryobiology 2013; 68:18-28. [PMID: 24246951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Loading of cryoprotectants into oocytes is an important step of the cryopreservation process, in which the cells are exposed to potentially damaging osmotic stresses and chemical toxicity. Thus, we investigated the use of physics-based mathematical optimization to guide design of cryoprotectant loading methods for mouse and human oocytes. We first examined loading of 1.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (Me(2)SO) into mouse oocytes at 23°C. Conventional one-step loading resulted in rates of fertilization (34%) and embryonic development (60%) that were significantly lower than those of untreated controls (95% and 94%, respectively). In contrast, the mathematically optimized two-step method yielded much higher rates of fertilization (85%) and development (87%). To examine the causes for oocyte damage, we performed experiments to separate the effects of cell shrinkage and Me(2)SO exposure time, revealing that neither shrinkage nor Me(2)SO exposure single-handedly impairs the fertilization and development rates. Thus, damage during one-step Me(2)SO addition appears to result from interactions between the effects of Me(2)SO toxicity and osmotic stress. We also investigated Me(2)SO loading into mouse oocytes at 30°C. At this temperature, fertilization rates were again lower after one-step loading (8%) in comparison to mathematically optimized two-step loading (86%) and untreated controls (96%). Furthermore, our computer algorithm generated an effective strategy for reducing Me(2)SO exposure time, using hypotonic diluents for cryoprotectant solutions. With this technique, 1.5 M Me(2)SO was successfully loaded in only 2.5 min, with 92% fertilizability. Based on these promising results, we propose new methods to load cryoprotectants into human oocytes, designed using our mathematical optimization approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens O M Karlsson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Edyta A Szurek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Adam Z Higgins
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sang R Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ali Eroglu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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John Morris G, Acton E. Controlled ice nucleation in cryopreservation – A review. Cryobiology 2013; 66:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Sim YC, Park JY, Ahn KM, Park C, Son JH. Terahertz imaging of excised oral cancer at frozen temperature. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:1413-21. [PMID: 24010003 PMCID: PMC3756582 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of terahertz (THz) imaging at frozen temperature for the clinical application of oral cancer detection was investigated by analyzing seven oral tissues resected from four patients. The size, shape, and internal position of the oral cancers were mapped by THz radiation in the frequency range of 0.2-1.2 THz at -20 °C and 20 °C, and compared with those identified in the histological examination. THz imaging of frozen tissue was found to offer greater sensitivity in distinguishing cancerous areas from surrounding tissue and a larger THz-frequency spectral difference between the oral cancer and normal mucosa than room-temperature THz imaging. A cancerous tumor hidden inside tissue was also detected using this method by observing the THz temporal domain waveform. The histological analysis showed that these findings resulted from cell structure deformations involving the invasion of oral tumor and neoplastic transformations of mucous cells. Therefore, a cytological approach using THz radiation at a frozen temperature might be applied to detect oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yookyeong Carolyn Sim
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544, USA
- These authors contribute equally to this paper
| | - Jae Yeon Park
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea
- These authors contribute equally to this paper
| | - Kang-Min Ahn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Chansik Park
- Department of Histology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hiuk Son
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea
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