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De Decker A, Vliegen G, Van Rompaey D, Peeraer A, Bracke A, Verckist L, Jansen K, Geiss-Friedlander R, Augustyns K, De Winter H, De Meester I, Lambeir AM, Van der Veken P. Novel Small Molecule-Derived, Highly Selective Substrates for Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP). ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1173-1179. [PMID: 31413802 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a proline-selective serine protease. It is hardly expressed in healthy adult tissue but upregulated in tissue remodeling sites associated with several diseases including epithelial cancer types, atherosclerosis, arthritis and fibrosis. Ongoing research aims at clinical implementation of FAP as a biomarker for these diseases. Several immunochemical methods that quantify FAP expression have been reported. An alternative/complementary approach focuses on quantification of FAP's enzymatic activity. Developing an activity-based assay for FAP has nonetheless proven challenging because of selectivity issues with respect to prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP). Here, we present substrate-type FAP probes that are structurally derived from a FAP-inhibitor (UAMC1110) that we published earlier. Both cleavage efficiency and FAP-selectivity of the best compounds in the series equal or surpass the most advanced peptide-based FAP substrates reported to date. Finally, proof-of-concept is provided that 4-aminonaphthol containing probes can spatially localize FAP activity in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- An De Decker
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Gwendolyn Vliegen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Dries Van Rompaey
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Anke Peeraer
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - An Bracke
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Line Verckist
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Koen Jansen
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Ruth Geiss-Friedlander
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Hans De Winter
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
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Jaako K, Waniek A, Parik K, Klimaviciusa L, Aonurm-Helm A, Noortoots A, Anier K, Van Elzen R, Gérard M, Lambeir AM, Roßner S, Morawski M, Zharkovsky A. Prolyl endopeptidase is involved in the degradation of neural cell adhesion molecules in vitro. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3792-3802. [PMID: 27566163 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.181891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and its polysialylated form (PSA-NCAM) play an important role in brain plasticity by regulating cell-cell interactions. Here, we demonstrate that the cytosolic serine protease prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) is able to regulate NCAM and PSA-NCAM. Using a SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line with stable overexpression of PREP, we found a remarkable loss of PSA-NCAM, reduced levels of NCAM180 and NCAM140 protein species, and a significant increase in the NCAM immunoreactive band migrating at an apparent molecular weight of 120 kDa in PREP-overexpressing cells. Moreover, increased levels of NCAM fragments were found in the concentrated medium derived from PREP-overexpressing cells. PREP overexpression selectively induced an activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which could be involved in the observed degradation of NCAM, as MMP-9 neutralization reduced the levels of NCAM fragments in cell culture medium. We propose that increased PREP levels promote epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, which in turn activates MMP-9. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence for newly-discovered roles for PREP in mechanisms regulating cellular plasticity through NCAM and PSA-NCAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Külli Jaako
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Alexander Waniek
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Keiti Parik
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Linda Klimaviciusa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Anu Aonurm-Helm
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Aveli Noortoots
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Kaili Anier
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Roos Van Elzen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2610, Belgium
| | - Melanie Gérard
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre KU Leuven-Kortrijk, Kortrijk B-8500, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2610, Belgium
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Alexander Zharkovsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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Jiménez-Aligaga K, Bermejo-Bescós P, Martín-Aragón S, Csákÿ AG. Discovery of alkenylboronic acids as neuroprotective agents affecting multiple biological targets involved in Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:426-9. [PMID: 23219701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alkenylboronic acids have shown important biological activities that contribute to neuroprotection. We have determined their influence on the β-amyloid (βA) aggregation process, β-secretase and acethylcholinesterase activities on cell-free systems, on the redox and lipid peroxidation status, and on the vulnerability to apoptotic death in an APPswe neuroblastoma cell line, before and after hydrogen peroxide treatment. We have discovered that 2-arylvinylboronic acids and some of their esters possess a set of properties which makes them highly useful as neuroprotective agents affecting multiple biological targets involved in AD. These properties are not paralleled by the related 2-arylboronic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Jiménez-Aligaga
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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