1
|
Bisht P, Das B, Borodianskiy-Shteinberg T, Kinchington PR, Goldstein RS. Studies of Infection and Experimental Reactivation by Recombinant VZV with Mutations in Virally-Encoded Small Non-Coding RNA. Viruses 2022; 14:1015. [PMID: 35632756 PMCID: PMC9144856 DOI: 10.3390/v14051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Locked-nucleotide analog antagonists (LNAA) to four varicella zoster virus small non-coding RNA (VZVsncRNA 10-13) derived from the mRNA of the open reading frame (ORF) 61 gene individually reduce VZV replication in epithelial cells and fibroblasts. To study the potential roles VZVsncRNA 10-13 have in neuronal infection we generated two recombinant VZV; one in which 8 nucleotides were changed in VZVsncRNA10 without altering the encoded residues of ORF61 (VZVsnc10MUT) and a second containing a 12-nucleotide deletion of the sequence common to VZVsncRNA12 and 13, located in the ORF61 mRNA leader sequence (VZVsnc12-13DEL). Both were developed from a VZV BAC with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter fused to the N terminal of the capsid protein encoded by ORF23. The growth of both mutant VZV in epithelial cells and fibroblasts was similar to that of the parental recombinant virus. Both mutants established productive infections and experimental latency in neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC). However, neurons that were latently infected with both VZV mutant viruses showed impaired ability to reactivate when given stimuli that successfully reactivated the parental virus. These results suggest that these VZVsncRNA may have a role in VZV latency maintenance and/or reactivation. The extension of these studies and confirmation of such roles could potentially inform the development of a non-reactivating, live VZV vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punam Bisht
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (P.B.); (B.D.); (T.B.-S.)
| | - Biswajit Das
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (P.B.); (B.D.); (T.B.-S.)
| | | | - Paul R. Kinchington
- Departments of Ophthalmology and of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2588, USA;
| | - Ronald S. Goldstein
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (P.B.); (B.D.); (T.B.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ben-Haim Y, Armon L, Fichtman B, Epshtein I, Spiegel R, Harel A, Urbach A. Generation and characterization of iPSC lines from two nuclear envelopathy patients with a homozygous nonsense mutation in the TOR1AIP1 gene. Stem Cell Res 2021; 56:102539. [PMID: 34560421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
LAP1 is an inner nuclear membrane protein encoded by TOR1AIP1. A homozygous c.961C > T loss of function mutation in TOR1AIP1 that affects both isoforms of LAP1 was recently described. This mutation leads to the development of a severe multisystemic nuclear envelopathy syndrome. Here we describe the generation and characterization of two human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines derived from skin fibroblasts of two patients carrying the homozygous c.961C > T mutation. These novel lines can be used as a powerful tool to investigate the molecular mechanism by which LAP1 deficiency leads to the development of this severe hereditary disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yam Ben-Haim
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leah Armon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Boris Fichtman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Irina Epshtein
- Department of Pediatrics B', Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Ronen Spiegel
- Department of Pediatrics B', Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amnon Harel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Achia Urbach
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stricker PEF, de Souza Dobuchak D, Irioda AC, Mogharbel BF, Franco CRC, de Souza Almeida Leite JR, de Araújo AR, Borges FA, Herculano RD, de Oliveira Graeff CF, Chachques JC, de Carvalho KAT. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on the Natural Membrane to Neurospheres for Cholinergic-like Neurons. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080598. [PMID: 34436361 PMCID: PMC8400270 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to differentiate human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from the human umbilical cord in cholinergic-like neurons using a natural membrane. The isolation of hMSCs from Wharton’s jelly (WJ) was carried out using “explant” and mononuclear cells by the density gradient from umbilical blood and characterized by flow cytometry. hMSCs were seeded in a natural functional biopolymer membrane to produce neurospheres. RT-PCR was performed on hMSCs and neurospheres derived from the umbilical cord. Neural precursor cells were subjected to a standard cholinergic-like neuron differentiation protocol. Dissociated neurospheres, neural precursor cells, and cholinergic-like neurons were characterized by immunocytochemistry. hMSCs were CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD34- and CD45- and demonstrated the trilineage differentiation. Neurospheres and their isolated cells were nestin-positive and expressed NESTIN, MAP2, ßIII-TUBULIN, GFAP genes. Neural precursor cells that were differentiated in cholinergic-like neurons expressed ßIII-TUBULIN protein and choline acetyltransferase enzyme. hMSCs seeded on the natural membrane can differentiate into neurospheres, obtaining neural precursor cells without growth factors or gene transfection before cholinergic phenotype differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Elias Ferreira Stricker
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Child and Adolescent Health Research and Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Institute, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil; (P.E.F.S.); (D.d.S.D.); (A.C.I.); (B.F.M.)
| | - Daiany de Souza Dobuchak
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Child and Adolescent Health Research and Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Institute, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil; (P.E.F.S.); (D.d.S.D.); (A.C.I.); (B.F.M.)
| | - Ana Carolina Irioda
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Child and Adolescent Health Research and Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Institute, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil; (P.E.F.S.); (D.d.S.D.); (A.C.I.); (B.F.M.)
| | - Bassam Felipe Mogharbel
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Child and Adolescent Health Research and Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Institute, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil; (P.E.F.S.); (D.d.S.D.); (A.C.I.); (B.F.M.)
| | | | | | - Alyne Rodrigues de Araújo
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil;
| | - Felipe Azevedo Borges
- Faculty of Pharmaceutics Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (F.A.B.); (R.D.H.)
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Chachques
- Laboratory Biosurgical Research, Cardiovascular Division, Pompidou Hospital, University of Paris, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Child and Adolescent Health Research and Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Institute, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil; (P.E.F.S.); (D.d.S.D.); (A.C.I.); (B.F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-41-3310-1035
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carmel-Gross I, Levy E, Armon L, Yaron O, Waldman Ben-Asher H, Urbach A. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate Regulation by SMARCB1. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:1037-1046. [PMID: 33125876 PMCID: PMC7664050 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation by the SWI/SNF complex is essential for normal self-renewal capacity and pluripotency of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). It has been shown that different subunits of the complex have a distinct role in this regulation. Specifically, the SMARCB1 subunit has been shown to regulate the activity of enhancers in diverse types of cells, including hPSCs. Here, we report the establishment of conditional hPSC lines, enabling control of SMARCB1 expression from complete loss of function to significant overexpression. Using this system, we show that any deviation from normal SMARCB1 expression leads to cell differentiation. We further found that SMARCB1 expression is not required for differentiation of hPSCs into progenitor cells, but rather for later stages of differentiation. Finally, we identify SMARCB1 as a critical player in regulation of cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions in hPSCs and show that this regulation is mediated at least in part by the WNT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Carmel-Gross
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Etgar Levy
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Leah Armon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Orly Yaron
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Hiba Waldman Ben-Asher
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Achia Urbach
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Golani-Zaidie L, Borodianskiy-Shteinberg T, Bisht P, Das B, Kinchington PR, Goldstein RS. Bioinformatically-predicted varicella zoster virus small non-coding RNAs are expressed in lytically-infected epithelial cells and neurons. Virus Res 2019; 274:197773. [PMID: 31614167 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most herpesviruses use both host and viral small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA), especially microRNA, to modulate infection. Bioinformatic analyses of NGS data obtained from Varicella Zoster virus (VZV)-infected cells predicted 24 VZVsncRNA, seven of which were confirmed to be expressed in infected fibroblasts and neurons using stem-loop quantitative reverse transcription PCR (SL-PCR). We here assayed for the expression of all 24 of the bioinformatically predicted VZVsncRNA in cells productively infected by VZV using SL-PCR. 23 of the 24 predicted sequences were detected in VZV-infected ARPE19 cells and 19 of the 24 sequences in infected human neurons generated by two methods from embryonic stem cells. We also show that blocking one of two newly-tested VZV-encoded sncRNA using locked nucleotide antagonists significantly increased viral replication. These findings suggest that further study of VZV encoded sncRNA could elucidate an additional level of regulation of the life cycle of this pathogenic human herpesvirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linoy Golani-Zaidie
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5900002, Israel
| | | | - Punam Bisht
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5900002, Israel
| | - Biswajit Das
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5900002, Israel
| | - Paul R Kinchington
- Departments of Ophthalmology and of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, 1020 EEI 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh PA 15213-2588, United States
| | - Ronald S Goldstein
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5900002, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
An optimized protocol for generating labeled and transplantable photoreceptor precursors from human embryonic stem cells. Exp Eye Res 2019; 180:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
7
|
Fatima Q, Choudhry N, Choudhery MS. Umbilical Cord Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells can Differentiate into Skin Cells. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:544-552. [PMID: 33817125 PMCID: PMC7874732 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous skin grafts are used to treat severe burn wounds, however, the availability of adequate donor sites makes this option less practical. Recently, stem cells have been used successfully in tissue engineering and in regenerative medicine. The current study aims to differentiate umbilical cord tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (CT-MSCs) into skin cells (fibroblasts and keratinocytes) for use to treat severe burn wounds. After isolation, MSCs were characterized and their growth characteristics were determined. The cells were induced to differentiate into fibroblasts and keratinocytes using respective induction medium. Results indicated that CT-MSCs were spindle shaped, plastic adherent and positive for CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 markers. CT-MSCs also showed high proliferative potential as indicated by cumulative population doubling, doubling time and plating efficiency. The MSCs were successfully differentiated into fibroblast and keratinocytes as indicated by morphological changes and expression of lineage specific genes. We propose that these differentiated skin cells which are derived from CT-MSCs can thus be used for the development of bioengineered skin; however, further studies are required to evaluate the utility of these substitutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qandeel Fatima
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nakhshab Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood S Choudhery
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo X, Li S, Ji Q, Lian R, Chen J. Enhanced viability and neural differential potential in poor post-thaw hADSCs by agarose multi-well dishes and spheroid culture. Hum Cell 2015; 28:175-89. [PMID: 26054839 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-015-0116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are potential adult stem cells source for cell therapy. But hADSCs with multi-passage or cryopreservation often revealed poor growth performance. The aim of our work was to improve the activity of poor post-thaw hADSCs by simple and effective means. We describe here a simple method based on commercially available silicone micro-wells for creating hADSCs spheroids to improve viability and neural differentiation potential on poor post-thaw hADSCs. The isolated hADSCs positively expresse d CD29, CD44, CD105, and negatively expressed CD34, CD45, HLA-DR by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, they had adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity. The post-thaw and post-spheroid hADSCs from poor growth status hADSCs showed a marked increase in cell proliferation by CKK-8 analysis, cell cycle analysis and Ki67/P27 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. They also displayed an increase viability of anti-apoptosis by annexin v and propidium iodide assays and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. After 3 days of neural induction, the neural differentiation potential of post-thaw and post-spheroid hADSCs could be enhanced by qPCR analysis and western blotting analysis. These results suggested that the spheroid formation could improve the viability and neural differentiation potential of bad growth status hADSCs, which is conducive to ADSCs research and cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Guo
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshan Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruiling Lian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Eye Institute, Medical College of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grigoryan S, Yee MB, Glick Y, Gerber D, Kepten E, Garini Y, Yang IH, Kinchington PR, Goldstein RS. Direct transfer of viral and cellular proteins from varicella-zoster virus-infected non-neuronal cells to human axons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126081. [PMID: 25973990 PMCID: PMC4431828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), the alphaherpesvirus that causes varicella upon primary infection and Herpes zoster (shingles) following reactivation in latently infected neurons, is known to be fusogenic. It forms polynuclear syncytia in culture, in varicella skin lesions and in infected fetal human ganglia xenografted to mice. After axonal infection using VZV expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in compartmentalized microfluidic cultures there is diffuse filling of axons with GFP as well as punctate fluorescence corresponding to capsids. Use of viruses with fluorescent fusions to VZV proteins reveals that both proteins encoded by VZV genes and those of the infecting cell are transferred in bulk from infecting non-neuronal cells to axons. Similar transfer of protein to axons was observed following cell associated HSV1 infection. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments provide evidence that this transfer is by diffusion of proteins from the infecting cells into axons. Time-lapse movies and immunocytochemical experiments in co-cultures demonstrate that non-neuronal cells fuse with neuronal somata and proteins from both cell types are present in the syncytia formed. The fusogenic nature of VZV therefore may enable not only conventional entry of virions and capsids into axonal endings in the skin by classical entry mechanisms, but also by cytoplasmic fusion that permits viral protein transfer to neurons in bulk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Grigoryan
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michael B Yee
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yair Glick
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Doron Gerber
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Eldad Kepten
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yuval Garini
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - In Hong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- SiNAPSE National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul R. Kinchington
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ronald S. Goldstein
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Blakely AM, Manning KL, Tripathi A, Morgan JR. Bio-Pick, Place, and Perfuse: A New Instrument for Three-Dimensional Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:737-46. [PMID: 25530515 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A grand challenge of tissue engineering is the fabrication of large constructs with a high density of living cells. By adapting the principles of pick-and-place machines used in the high-speed assembly of electronics, we have developed an innovative instrument, the Bio-Pick, Place, and Perfuse (Bio-P3), which picks up large complex multicellular building parts, transports them to a build area, and precisely places the parts at desired locations while perfusing the parts. These assembled parts subsequently fuse to form a larger contiguous tissue construct. Multicellular microtissues were formed by seeding cells into nonadhesive micro-molds, wherein cells self-assembled scaffold-free parts in the shape of spheroids, toroids, and honeycombs. After removal from the molds, the parts were gripped, transported (using an x, y, z controller), and released using the Bio-P3 with little to no effect on cell viability or part structure. As many as 16 toroids were stacked over a 170 μm diameter post where they fused over the course of 48 h to form a single tissue. Larger honeycomb parts were also gripped and stacked onto a build head that, like the gripper head, provided fluid suction to hold and perfuse the parts during assembly. Scaffold-free building parts help to address several of the engineering and biological challenges to large tissue biofabrication, and the Bio-P3 described in this article is a novel instrument for the controlled gripping, placing, stacking, and perfusing of living building parts for solid organ fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Blakely
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.,2 Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.,3 Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kali L Manning
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.,2 Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Anubhav Tripathi
- 2 Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.,4 School of Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jeffrey R Morgan
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.,2 Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo Y, Liu Q, Yang Y, Guo X, Lian R, Li S, Wang C, Zhang S, Chen J. The effects of ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 on injectable spheroids of bovine corneal endothelial cells. Cell Reprogram 2014; 17:77-87. [PMID: 25548902 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spheroids of 3-dimensional culture and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 have shown many advantages for the promotion of cellular viability and proliferation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Y-27632 on the growth and injectability of bovine corneal endothelial cells (B-CECs) maintained in vitro as spheroid cultures. Immunofluorescence staining showed that Y-27632 did not alter the cell type specificity of B-CECs, but it significantly enhanced B-CEC spherical viability and proliferation by a Live/Dead assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling assay, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The uniform B-CEC spheroids could easily form in multiwall agarose micromolds and had a higher stemness potential than single B-CECs. Injectable B-CEC spheroids were able to form monolayer growth, and polygonal B-CECs completely covered culture plates or Descemet's membrane of decellularized corneas under inverted microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). B-CEC spheroids were generated from agarose microwells on day 1 and then adherent culture with Y-27632 for day 5. However, small B-CEC spheroids still existed on culture plates or decellularized corneas when B-CEC spheroids were cultured in the same condition except for absence of Y-27632. Our findings that CEC spheroids with Y-27632 are injectable in vitro have important implications for the favorable treatment of CEC deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Guo
- 1 Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University , Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Telias M, Segal M, Ben-Yosef D. Electrical maturation of neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells. F1000Res 2014; 3:196. [PMID: 25309736 PMCID: PMC4184377 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.4943.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In-vitro neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells has become a widely used tool in disease modeling and prospective regenerative medicine. Most studies evaluate neurons molecularly and only a handful of them use electrophysiological tools to directly indicate that these are genuine neurons. Therefore, the specific timing of development of intrinsic electrophysiological properties and synaptic capabilities remains poorly understood. Here we describe a systematic analysis of developing neurons derived in-vitro from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We show that hESCs differentiated in-vitro into early embryonic neurons, displaying basically mature morphological and electrical features as early as day 37. This early onset of action potential discharges suggests that first stages of neurogenesis in humans are already associated with electrical maturation. Spike frequency, amplitude, duration, threshold and after hyperpolarization were found to be the most predictive parameters for electrical maturity. Furthermore, we were able to detect spontaneous synaptic activity already at these early time-points, demonstrating that neuronal connectivity can develop concomitantly with the gradual process of electrical maturation. These results highlight the functional properties of hESCs in the process of their development into neurons. Moreover, our results provide practical tools for the direct measurement of functional maturity, which can be reproduced and implemented for stem cell research of neurogenesis in general, and neurodevelopmental disorders in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Telias
- Wolfe PGD-SC Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel
| | - Menahem Segal
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Dalit Ben-Yosef
- Wolfe PGD-SC Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Human Stem/Progenitor Cell-Based Assays for Neurodevelopmental Toxicity Testing. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0521-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Hazeltine LB, Selekman JA, Palecek SP. Engineering the human pluripotent stem cell microenvironment to direct cell fate. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1002-19. [PMID: 23510904 PMCID: PMC3758782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, offer a potential cell source for research, drug screening, and regenerative medicine applications due to their unique ability to self-renew or differentiate to any somatic cell type. Before the full potential of hPSCs can be realized, robust protocols must be developed to direct their fate. Cell fate decisions are based on components of the surrounding microenvironment, including soluble factors, substrate or extracellular matrix, cell-cell interactions, mechanical forces, and 2D or 3D architecture. Depending on their spatio-temporal context, these components can signal hPSCs to either self-renew or differentiate to cell types of the ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm. Researchers working at the interface of engineering and biology have identified various factors which can affect hPSC fate, often based on lessons from embryonic development, and they have utilized this information to design in vitro niches which can reproducibly direct hPSC fate. This review highlights culture systems that have been engineered to promote self-renewal or differentiation of hPSCs, with a focus on studies that have elucidated the contributions of specific microenvironmental cues in the context of those culture systems. We propose the use of microsystem technologies for high-throughput screening of spatial-temporal presentation of cues, as this has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach for differentiating hPSCs to desired cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| |
Collapse
|