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Juenemann M, Braun T, Schleicher N, Yeniguen M, Schramm P, Gerriets T, Ritschel N, Bachmann G, Obert M, Schoenburg M, Kaps M, Tschernatsch M. Neuroprotective mechanisms of erythropoietin in a rat stroke model. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:48-59. [PMID: 33312715 PMCID: PMC7702138 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to investigate the indirect neuroprotective properties of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) pretreatment in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods One hundred and ten male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups receiving either 5,000 IU/kg rhEPO intravenously or saline 15 minutes prior to MCAO and bilateral craniectomy or sham craniectomy. Bilateral craniectomy aimed at elimination of the space-consuming effect of postischemic edema. Diagnostic workup included neurological examination, assessment of infarct size and cerebral edema by magnetic resonance imaging, wet–dry technique, and quantification of hemispheric and local cerebral blood flow (CBF) by flat-panel volumetric computed tomography. Results In the absence of craniectomy, EPO pretreatment led to a significant reduction in infarct volume (34.83 ± 9.84% vs. 25.28 ± 7.03%; p = 0.022) and midline shift (0.114 ± 0.023 cm vs. 0.083 ± 0.027 cm; p = 0.013). We observed a significant increase in regional CBF in cortical areas of the ischemic infarct (72.29 ± 24.00% vs. 105.53 ± 33.10%; p = 0.043) but not the whole hemispheres. Infarct size-independent parameters could not demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in cerebral edema with EPO treatment. Conclusions Single-dose pretreatment with rhEPO 5,000 IU/kg significantly reduces ischemic lesion volume and increases local CBF in penumbral areas of ischemia 24 h after transient MCAO in rats. Data suggest indirect neuroprotection from edema and the resultant pressure-reducing and blood flow-increasing effects mediated by EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Juenemann
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Braun
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nadine Schleicher
- Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mesut Yeniguen
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Schramm
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tibo Gerriets
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Gesundheitszentrum Wetterau, Chaumontplatz 1, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nouha Ritschel
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstraße 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Georg Bachmann
- Department of Radiology, Kerckhoff Clinic, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Martin Obert
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Schoenburg
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kerckhoff Clinic, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Kaps
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marlene Tschernatsch
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Gesundheitszentrum Wetterau, Chaumontplatz 1, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Walberer M, Rueger MA. The macrosphere model-an embolic stroke model for studying the pathophysiology of focal cerebral ischemia in a translational approach. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26207251 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.04.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The main challenge of stroke research is to translate promising experimental findings from the bench to the bedside. Many suggestions have been made how to achieve this goal, identifying the need for appropriate experimental animal models as one key issue. We here discuss the macrosphere model of focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, which closely resembles the pathophysiology of human stroke both in its acute and chronic phase. Key pathophysiological processes such as brain edema, cortical spreading depolarizations (CSD), neuroinflammation, and stem cell-mediated regeneration are observed in this stroke model, following characteristic temporo-spatial patterns. Non-invasive in vivo imaging allows studying the macrosphere model from the very onset of ischemia up to late remodeling processes in an intraindividual and longitudinal fashion. Such a design of pre-clinical stroke studies provides the basis for a successful translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Walberer
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ; 2 Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany ; 3 Animal Welfare Office, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ; 2 Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany ; 3 Animal Welfare Office, University of Cologne, Germany
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