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Ochoa JÁ, Gonzalez-Burgos I, Nicolás MJ, Valencia M. Open Hardware Implementation of Real-Time Phase and Amplitude Estimation for Neurophysiologic Signals. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1350. [PMID: 38135941 PMCID: PMC10740741 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) is a promising concept in the field of DBS that consists of delivering electrical stimulation in response to specific events. Dynamic adaptivity arises when stimulation targets dynamically changing states, which often calls for a reliable and fast causal estimation of the phase and amplitude of the signals. Here, we present an open-hardware implementation that exploits the concepts of resonators and Hilbert filters embedded in an open-hardware platform. To emulate real-world scenarios, we built a hardware setup that included a system to replay and process different types of physiological signals and test the accuracy of the instantaneous phase and amplitude estimates. The results show that the system can provide a precise and reliable estimation of the phase even in the challenging scenario of dealing with high-frequency oscillations (~250 Hz) in real-time. The framework might be adopted in neuromodulation studies to quickly test biomarkers in clinical and preclinical settings, supporting the advancement of aDBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel Ochoa
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Physiological Monitoring and Control Laboratory, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Avda Pio XII 55, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (J.Á.O.); (I.G.-B.); (M.J.N.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Burgos
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Physiological Monitoring and Control Laboratory, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Avda Pio XII 55, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (J.Á.O.); (I.G.-B.); (M.J.N.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Nicolás
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Physiological Monitoring and Control Laboratory, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Avda Pio XII 55, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (J.Á.O.); (I.G.-B.); (M.J.N.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Valencia
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Physiological Monitoring and Control Laboratory, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Avda Pio XII 55, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (J.Á.O.); (I.G.-B.); (M.J.N.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Institute of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
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Singaram S, Ramakrishnan K, Periyasamy S. Electrodermal signal analysis using continuous wavelet transform as a tool for quantification of sweat gland activity in diabetic kidney disease. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023; 237:919-927. [PMID: 37401150 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231184113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic innervation of the sweat gland (SG) manifests itself electrically as electrodermal activity (EDA), which can be utilized to measure sudomotor function. Since SG exhibits similarities in structure and function with kidneys, quantification of SG activity is attempted through EDA signals. A methodology is developed with electrical stimulation, sampling frequency and signal processing algorithm. One hundred twenty volunteers participated in this study belonging to controls, diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. The magnitude and time duration of stimuli is arrived by trial and error in such a way it does not influence controls but triggers SG activity in other Groups. This methodology leads to a distinct EDA signal pattern with changes in frequency and amplitude. The continuous wavelet transform depicts a scalogram to retrieve this information. Further, to distinguish between Groups, time average spectrums are plotted and mean relative energy (MRE) is computed. Results demonstrate high energy value in controls, and it gradually decreases in other Groups indicating a decline in SG activity on diabetes prognosis. The correlation for the acquired results was determined to be 0.99 when compared to the standard lab procedure. Furthermore, Cohen's d value, which is less than 0.25 for all Groups indicating the minimal effect size. Hence the obtained result is validated and statistically analyzed for individual variations. Thus this has the potential to get transformed into a device and could prevent diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Singaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - Kalpana Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India
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The Future Is Open: Open-Source Tools for Behavioral Neuroscience Research. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0223-19.2019. [PMID: 31358510 PMCID: PMC6712209 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0223-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sun L, Okada Y. Vibrotactile piezoelectric stimulation system with precise and versatile timing control for somatosensory research. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 317:29-36. [PMID: 30738105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tactile stimulations systems are useful for studying the somatosensory system in children because they are innocuous and safe. Stimulators based on piezoelectric actuator are useful, but there is still a need for such systems capable of providing accurate and versatile control of timing and pattern of activation. NEW METHOD We have implemented a vibrotactile stimulating system useful for behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) research. Our design goal was to create a system capable of providing up to five independently controlled mechanical stimulations with precise timing. We developed a Graphic User Interface (GUI) in LabVIEW, which controls a commercially available piezoelectric braille stimulator using an Arduino based controller. We made a customized braille stimulator based on the Metec Braille device. RESULTS Our system can control up to five tactile stimulators with independent timing control and negligible errors. Although it can be directly used for behavioral and EEG research, the piezoelectric stimulators in our system generate stimulus artifacts that interfere with MEG recordings. A moving averaging subtraction algorithm we developed can remove the artifact. The stimulator can be used to measure somatic evoked magnetic fields from the somatosensory cortex of a child without the artifact. COMPARISON TO EXISTING METHODS Our system provides an accurate independent control of one or more piezoelectric actuators using a GUI-based easy-to-control programming approach based on recent advances in embedded systems and software. Versatility and precise stimulation timing distinguish our system compared to existing somatic stimulators. CONCLUSIONS Our system may be useful for somatic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Sun
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | - Yoshio Okada
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Lawton PF, Lee MD, Saunter CD, Girkin JM, McCarron JG, Wilson C. VasoTracker, a Low-Cost and Open Source Pressure Myograph System for Vascular Physiology. Front Physiol 2019; 10:99. [PMID: 30846942 PMCID: PMC6393368 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure myography, one of the most commonly used techniques in vascular research, measures the diameter of isolated, pressurized arteries to assess the functional activity of smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Despite the widespread adoption of this technique for assessing vascular function, there are only a small number of commercial systems and these are expensive. Here, we introduce a complete, open source pressure myograph system and analysis software, VasoTracker, that can be set-up for approximately 10% of the cost of commercial alternatives. We report on the development of VasoTracker and demonstrate its ability to assess various components of vascular reactivity. A unique feature of the VasoTracker platform is the publicly accessible website (http://www.vasotracker.com/) that documents how to assemble and use this affordable, adaptable, and expandable pressure myograph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope F. Lawton
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Biophysical Sciences Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D. Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D. Saunter
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Biophysical Sciences Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Girkin
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Biophysical Sciences Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - John G. McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Quiñones DR, Fernández-Mollá LM, Pacheco-Torres J, Caramés JM, Canals S, Moratal D. TherMouseDuino: An affordable Open-Source temperature control system for functional magnetic resonance imaging experimentation with mice. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 58:67-75. [PMID: 30660705 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most highly regarded techniques in the neuroimaging field. This technique is based on vascular responses to neuronal activation and is extensively used in clinical and animal research studies. In preclinical settings, fMRI is usually applied to anesthetized animals. However, anesthetics cause alterations, e.g. hypothermia, in the physiology of the animals and this has the potential to disrupt fMRI signals. The current temperature control method involves a technician, as well as monitoring the acquisition MRI sequences, also controlling the temperature of the animal; this is inefficient. METHODS In order to avoid hypothermia in anesthetized rodents an Open-Source automatic temperature control device is presented. It takes signals from an intrarectal temperature sensor, as well as signals from a thermal bath, which warms up the body of the animal under study, in order to determine the mathematical model of the thermal response of the animal. RESULTS A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) algorithm, which was discretized in an Arduino microcontroller, was developed to automatically keep stable the body temperature of the animal under study. The PID algorithm has been shown to be accurate in preserving the body temperature of the animal. CONCLUSION This work presents the TherMouseDuino. It is an Open-Source automatic temperature control system and reduces temperature fluctuations, thus providing robust conditions in which to perform fMRI experiments. Furthermore, our device frees up the technician to focus solely on monitoring the MRI sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío R Quiñones
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Fernández-Mollá
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Pacheco-Torres
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - José M Caramés
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - David Moratal
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Merolli A, Mao Y, Voronin G, Steele JAM, Murthy NS, Kohn J. A method to deliver patterned electrical impulses to Schwann cells cultured on an artificial axon. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1052-1059. [PMID: 30762018 PMCID: PMC6404504 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Information from the brain travels back and forth along peripheral nerves in the form of electrical impulses generated by neurons and these impulses have repetitive patterns. Schwann cells in peripheral nerves receive molecular signals from axons to coordinate the process of myelination. There is evidence, however, that non-molecular signals play an important role in myelination in the form of patterned electrical impulses generated by neuronal activity. The role of patterned electrical impulses has been investigated in the literature using co-cultures of neurons and myelinating cells. The co-culturing method, however, prevents the uncoupling of the direct effect of patterned electrical impulses on myelinating cells from the indirect effect mediated by neurons. To uncouple these effects and focus on the direct response of Schwann cells, we developed an in vitro model where an electroconductive carbon fiber acts as an artificial axon. The fiber provides only the biophysical characteristics of an axon but does not contribute any molecular signaling. In our “suspended wire model”, the carbon fiber is suspended in a liquid media supported by a 3D printed scaffold. Patterned electrical impulses are generated by an Arduino 101 microcontroller. In this study, we describe the technology needed to set-up and eventually replicate this model. We also report on our initial in vitro tests where we were able to document the adherence and ensheath of human Schwann cells to the carbon fiber in the presence of patterned electrical impulses (hSCs were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA; ScienCell fulfills the ethic requirements, including donor’s consent). This technology will likely make feasible to investigate the response of Schwann cells to patterned electrical impulses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Merolli
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yong Mao
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Gregory Voronin
- In Vivo Research Services, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph A M Steele
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - N Sanjeeva Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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8
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Quiñones DR, Soler-Egea D, González-Pérez V, Reibke J, Simarro-Mondejar E, Pérez-Feito R, García-Manrique JA, Crispín V, Moratal D. Open Source 3D Printed Lung Tumor Movement Simulator for Radiotherapy Quality Assurance. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11081317. [PMID: 30061503 PMCID: PMC6117797 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, cancer is one of the main causes of death, lung cancer being one of the most aggressive. There are several techniques for the treatment of lung cancer, among which radiotherapy is one of the most effective and least invasive for the patient. However, it has associated difficulties due to the moving target tumor. It is possible to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy by effectively tracking a tumor and reducing target irradiation margins. This paper presents a custom electromechanical system that follows the movement of a lung tumor. For this purpose, a hysteresis loop of human lung movement during breathing was studied to obtain its characteristic movement equation. The system is controlled by an Arduino, steppers motors and a customized 3D printed mechanism to follow the characteristic human breathing, obtaining an accurate trajectory. The developed device helps the verification of individualized radiation treatment plans and permits the improvement of radiotherapy quality assurance procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío R Quiñones
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - David Soler-Egea
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Víctor González-Pérez
- Department of Radiophysics, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Johanna Reibke
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Elena Simarro-Mondejar
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Feito
- Thermodynamics Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan A García-Manrique
- Institute of Design for Manufacturing and Automated Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vicente Crispín
- Department of Radiophysics, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain.
| | - David Moratal
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Genewsky A, Heinz DE, Kaplick PM, Kilonzo K, Wotjak CT. A simplified microwave-based motion detector for home cage activity monitoring in mice. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:36. [PMID: 29177007 PMCID: PMC5688739 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Locomotor activity of rodents is an important readout to assess well-being and physical health, and is pivotal for behavioral phenotyping. Measuring homecage-activity with standard and cost-effective optical methods in mice has become difficult, as modern housing conditions (e.g. individually ventilated cages, cage enrichment) do not allow constant, unobstructed, visual access. Resolving this issue either makes greater investments necessary, especially if several experiments will be run in parallel, or is at the animals’ expense. The purpose of this study is to provide an easy, yet satisfying solution for the behavioral biologist at novice makers level. Results We show the design, construction and validation of a simplified, low-cost, radar-based motion detector for home cage activity monitoring in mice. In addition we demonstrate that mice which have been selectively bred for low levels of anxiety-related behavior (LAB) have deficits in circadian photoentrainment compared to CD1 control animals. Conclusion In this study we have demonstrated that our proposed low-cost microwave-based motion detector is well-suited for the study of circadian rhythms in mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13036-017-0079-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Genewsky
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dep. Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, RG Neuronal Plasticity, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich, D-80804 Germany
| | - Daniel E Heinz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dep. Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, RG Neuronal Plasticity, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich, D-80804 Germany.,Neuroscience Master's Program, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg, D-69120 Germany
| | - Paul M Kaplick
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dep. Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, RG Neuronal Plasticity, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich, D-80804 Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, Nußbaumstraße 7, Munich, D-80336 Germany.,Fresenius University, Infanteriestraße 11a, Munich, D-80797 Germany
| | - Kasyoka Kilonzo
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dep. Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, RG Neuronal Plasticity, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich, D-80804 Germany.,Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, N26/4406, Ulm, D-89081 Germany
| | - Carsten T Wotjak
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Dep. Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, RG Neuronal Plasticity, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich, D-80804 Germany
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Brunton E, Blau CW, Nazarpour K. Separability of neural responses to standardised mechanical stimulation of limbs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11138. [PMID: 28894171 PMCID: PMC5593983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable scientific and technological efforts are currently being made towards the development of neural prostheses. Understanding how the peripheral nervous system responds to electro-mechanical stimulation of the limb, will help to inform the design of prostheses that can restore function or accelerate recovery from injury to the sensory motor system. However, due to differences in experimental protocols, it is difficult, if not impossible, to make meaningful comparisons between different peripheral nerve interfaces. Therefore, we developed a low-cost electronic system to standardise the mechanical stimulation of a rat’s hindpaw. Three types of mechanical stimulations, namely, proprioception, touch and nociception were delivered to the limb and the electroneurogram signals were recorded simultaneously from the sciatic nerve with a 16-contact cuff electrode. For the first time, results indicate separability of neural responses according to stimulus type as well as intensity. Statistical analysis reveal that cuff contacts placed circumferentially, rather than longitudinally, are more likely to lead to higher classification rates. This flexible setup may be readily adapted for systematic comparison of various electrodes and mechanical stimuli in rodents. Hence, we have made its electro-mechanical design and computer programme available online
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Brunton
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, Newcastle, UK.
| | - Christoph W Blau
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, Newcastle, UK
| | - Kianoush Nazarpour
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, Newcastle, UK.,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, Newcastle, UK
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Low cost venom extractor based on Arduino® board for electrical venom extraction from arthropods and other small animals. Toxicon 2016; 118:156-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Artoni P, Landi S, Sato SS, Luin S, Ratto GM. Arduino Due based tool to facilitate in vivo two-photon excitation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:1604-1613. [PMID: 27446677 PMCID: PMC4933559 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the characterization of the optical properties of genetically encoded and synthetic fluorescent molecules. Excitation spectroscopy requires tuning the wavelength of the Ti:sapphire laser while carefully monitoring the delivered power. To assist laser tuning and the control of delivered power, we developed an Arduino Due based tool for the automatic acquisition of high quality spectra. This tool is portable, fast, affordable and precise. It allowed studying the impact of scattering and of blood absorption on two-photon excitation light. In this way, we determined the wavelength-dependent deformation of excitation spectra occurring in deep tissues in vivo.
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Landa-Jiménez MA, González-Gaspar P, Pérez-Estudillo C, López-Meraz ML, Morgado-Valle C, Beltran-Parrazal L. Open-box muscle-computer interface: introduction to human-computer interactions in bioengineering, physiology, and neuroscience courses. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2016; 40:119-122. [PMID: 26873900 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00009.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Landa-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México; and Doctorado en Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - P González-Gaspar
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México; and Doctorado en Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - C Pérez-Estudillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México; and
| | - M L López-Meraz
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México; and
| | - C Morgado-Valle
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México; and
| | - L Beltran-Parrazal
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México; and
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