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Nascimento ATD, Mendes AX, Duchi S, Duc D, Aguilar LC, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Nisbet DR, Stoddart PR, Silva SM, Moulton SE. Wired for Success: Probing the Effect of Tissue-Engineered Neural Interface Substrates on Cell Viability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3775-3791. [PMID: 38722625 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the electrochemical behavior of GelMA-based hydrogels and their interactions with PC12 neural cells under electrical stimulation in the presence of conducting substrates. Focusing on indium tin oxide (ITO), platinum, and gold mylar substrates supporting conductive scaffolds composed of hydrogel, graphene oxide, and gold nanorods, we explored how the substrate materials affect scaffold conductivity and cell viability. We examined the impact of an optimized electrical stimulation protocol on the PC12 cell viability. According to our findings, substrate selection significantly influences conductive hydrogel behavior, affecting cell viability and proliferation as a result. In particular, the ITO substrates were found to provide the best support for cell viability with an average of at least three times higher metabolic activity compared to platinum and gold mylar substrates over a 7 day stimulation period. The study offers new insights into substrate selection as a platform for neural cell stimulation and underscores the critical role of substrate materials in optimizing the efficacy of neural interfaces for biomedical applications. In addition to extending existing work, this study provides a robust platform for future explorations aimed at tailoring the full potential of tissue-engineered neural interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Teixeira do Nascimento
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Alexandre X Mendes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Daniela Duc
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Lilith C Aguilar
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul R Stoddart
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, The Biomedical and Environmental Sensor Technology Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Lopes V, Moreira G, Bramini M, Capasso A. The potential of graphene coatings as neural interfaces. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:384-406. [PMID: 38231692 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology design and fabrication have shaped the landscape for the development of ideal cell interfaces based on biomaterials. A holistic evaluation of the requirements for a cell interface is a highly complex task. Biocompatibility is a crucial requirement which is affected by the interface's properties, including elemental composition, morphology, and surface chemistry. This review explores the current state-of-the-art on graphene coatings produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and applied as neural interfaces, detailing the key properties required to design an interface capable of physiologically interacting with neural cells. The interfaces are classified into substrates and scaffolds to differentiate the planar and three-dimensional environments where the cells can adhere and proliferate. The role of specific features such as mechanical properties, porosity and wettability are investigated. We further report on the specific brain-interface applications where CVD graphene paved the way to revolutionary advances in biomedicine. Future studies on the long-term effects of graphene-based materials in vivo will unlock even more potentially disruptive neuro-applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Lopes
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Gabriel Moreira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Mattia Bramini
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Andrea Capasso
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
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Zhong H, Xing C, Zhou M, Jia Z, Liu S, Zhu S, Li B, Yang H, Ma H, Wang L, Zhu R, Qu Z, Ning G. Alternating current stimulation promotes neurite outgrowth and plasticity in neurons through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1718-1729. [PMID: 37814815 PMCID: PMC10679878 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a commonly used physical intervention, electrical stimulation (ES) has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. Currently, researchers are studying the effects of electrical stimulation on individual neurons and neural networks, which are dependent on factors such as stimulation intensity, duration, location, and neuronal properties. However, the exact mechanism of action of electrical stimulation remains unclear. In some cases, repeated or prolonged electrical stimulation can lead to changes in the morphology or function of the neuron. In this study, immunofluorescence staining and Sholl analysis are used to assess changes in the neurite number and axon length to determine the optimal pattern and stimulation parameters of ES for neurons. Neuronal death and plasticity are detected by TUNEL staining and microelectrode array assays, respectively. mRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis are applied to predict the key targets of the action of ES on neurons, and the identified targets are validated by western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. The effects of alternating current stimulation (ACS) on neurons are more significant than those of direct current stimulation (DCS), and the optimal parameters are 3 μA and 20 min. ACS stimulation significantly increases the number of neurites, the length of axons and the spontaneous electrical activity of neurons, significantly elevates the expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) without significant changes in the expression of neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, application of PI3K/AKT-specific inhibitors significantly abolishes the beneficial effects of ACS on neurons, confirming that the PI3K/AKT pathway is an important potential signaling pathway in the action of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhong
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord InjuryTianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord InjuryDepartment of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Cong Xing
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord InjuryTianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord InjuryDepartment of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Mi Zhou
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord InjuryTianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord InjuryDepartment of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Zeyu Jia
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord InjuryTianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord InjuryDepartment of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Song Liu
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord InjuryTianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord InjuryDepartment of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord InjuryTianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord InjuryDepartment of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Bo Li
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord InjuryTianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord InjuryDepartment of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Hongjiang Yang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord InjuryTianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord InjuryDepartment of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Hongpeng Ma
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord InjuryTianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord InjuryDepartment of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Liyue Wang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord InjuryTianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord InjuryDepartment of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
| | - Rusen Zhu
- Department of Spine SurgeryTianjin Union Medical CenterTianjin300121China
| | - Zhigang Qu
- College of Electronic Information and AutomationAdvanced Structural Integrity International Joint Research CenterTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300222China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord InjuryTianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord InjuryDepartment of OrthopedicsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin300052China
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Electrical Stimulation and Cellular Behaviors in Electric Field in Biomedical Research. MATERIALS 2021; 15:ma15010165. [PMID: 35009311 PMCID: PMC8746014 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Research on the cellular response to electrical stimulation (ES) and its mechanisms focusing on potential clinic applications has been quietly intensified recently. However, the unconventional nature of this methodology has fertilized a great variety of techniques that make the interpretation and comparison of experimental outcomes complicated. This work reviews more than a hundred publications identified mostly from Medline, categorizes the techniques, and comments on their merits and weaknesses. Electrode-based ES, conductive substrate-mediated ES, and noninvasive stimulation are the three principal categories used in biomedical research and clinic. ES has been found to enhance cell proliferation, growth, migration, and stem cell differentiation, showing an important potential in manipulating cellular activities in both normal and pathological conditions. However, inappropriate parameters or setup can have negative effects. The complexity of the delivered electric signals depends on how they are generated and in what form. It is also difficult to equate one set of parameters with another. Mechanistic studies are rare and badly needed. Even so, ES in combination with advanced materials and nanotechnology is developing a strong footing in biomedical research and regenerative medicine.
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Ritzau-Reid KI, Spicer CD, Gelmi A, Grigsby CL, Ponder JF, Bemmer V, Creamer A, Vilar R, Serio A, Stevens MM. An Electroactive Oligo-EDOT Platform for Neural Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2003710. [PMID: 34035794 PMCID: PMC7610826 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202003710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The unique electrochemical properties of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) make it an attractive material for use in neural tissue engineering applications. However, inadequate mechanical properties, and difficulties in processing and lack of biodegradability have hindered progress in this field. Here, the functionality of PEDOT:PSS for neural tissue engineering is improved by incorporating 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) oligomers, synthesized using a novel end-capping strategy, into block co-polymers. By exploiting end-functionalized oligoEDOT constructs as macroinitiators for the polymerization of poly(caprolactone), a block co-polymer is produced that is electroactive, processable, and bio-compatible. By combining these properties, electroactive fibrous mats are produced for neuronal culture via solution electrospinning and melt electrospinning writing. Importantly, it is also shown that neurite length and branching of neural stem cells can be enhanced on the materials under electrical stimulation, demonstrating the promise of these scaffolds for neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja I. Ritzau-Reid
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christopher D. Spicer
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm 171 77, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, York Biomedical Research
Institute, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Amy Gelmi
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, RMIT University,
Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Christopher L. Grigsby
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - James F. Ponder
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ,
UK
| | - Victoria Bemmer
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Adam Creamer
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ,
UK
| | - Andrea Serio
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Centre
for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King’s College London
and The Francis Crick Institute, Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics
Division, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT,
UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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Maráková N, Boeva ZA, Humpolíček P, Lindfors T, Pacherník J, Kašpárková V, Radaszkiewicz KA, Capáková Z, Minařík A, Lehocký M. Electrochemically prepared composites of graphene oxide and conducting polymers: Cytocompatibility of cardiomyocytes and neural progenitors. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Performance of a glucose-reactive enzyme-based biofuel cell system for biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10872. [PMID: 31350441 PMCID: PMC6659637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A glucose-reactive enzyme-based biofuel cell system (EBFC) was recently introduced in the scientific community for biomedical applications, such as implantable artificial organs and biosensors for drug delivery. Upon direct contact with tissues or organs, an implanted EBFC can exert effects that damage or stimulate intact tissue due to its byproducts or generated electrical cues, which have not been investigated in detail. Here, we perform a fundamental cell culture study using a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) as an anode enzyme and bilirubin oxidase (BOD) as a cathode enzyme. The fabricated EBFC had power densities of 15.26 to 38.33 nW/cm2 depending on the enzyme concentration in media supplemented with 25 mM glucose. Despite the low power density, the GDH-based EBFC showed increases in cell viability (~150%) and cell migration (~90%) with a relatively low inflammatory response. However, glucose oxidase (GOD), which has been used as an EBFC anode enzyme, revealed extreme cytotoxicity (~10%) due to the lethal concentration of H2O2 byproducts (~1500 µM). Therefore, with its cytocompatibility and cell-stimulating effects, the GDH-based EBFC is considered a promising implantable tool for generating electricity for biomedical applications. Finally, the GDH-based EBFC can be used for introducing electricity during cell culture and the fabrication of organs on a chip and a power source for implantable devices such as biosensors, biopatches, and artificial organs.
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Rastegar S, Stadlbauer J, Pandhi T, Karriem L, Fujimoto K, Kramer K, Estrada D, Cantley KD. Measurement of Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio In Graphene‐based Passive Microelectrode Arrays. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Rastegar
- Department of Electrical and computer EngineeringBoise state University Boise Idaho
| | - Justin Stadlbauer
- Department of Electrical and computer EngineeringBoise state University Boise Idaho
| | - Twinkle Pandhi
- Department of Electrical and computer EngineeringBoise state University Boise Idaho
| | - Lynn Karriem
- Department of Electrical and computer EngineeringBoise state University Boise Idaho
| | - Kiyo Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical and computer EngineeringBoise state University Boise Idaho
| | - Kyle Kramer
- Department of Electrical and computer EngineeringBoise state University Boise Idaho
| | - David Estrada
- Department of Electrical and computer EngineeringBoise state University Boise Idaho
| | - Kurtis D. Cantley
- Department of Electrical and computer EngineeringBoise state University Boise Idaho
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Physiochemical and morphological dependent growth of NIH/3T3 and PC-12 on polyaniline-chloride/chitosan bionanocomposites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:1304-1312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Electrical and/or electromechanical stimulation has been shown to play a significant role in regenerating various functionalities in soft tissues, such as tendons, muscles, and nerves. In this work, we investigate the piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a potential substrate for wireless neuronal differentiation. Piezoelectric PVDF enables generation of electrical charges on its surface upon acoustic stimulation, inducing neuritogenesis of PC12 cells. We demonstrate that the effect of pure piezoelectric stimulation on neurite generation in PC12 cells is comparable to the ones induced by neuronal growth factor (NGF). In inhibitor experiments, our results indicate that dynamic stimulation of PVDF by ultrasonic (US) waves activates calcium channels, thus inducing the generation of neurites via a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathway. This mechanism is independent from the well-studied NGF induced mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway. The use of US, in combination with piezoelectric polymers, is advantageous since focused power transmission can occur deep into biological tissues, which holds great promise for the development of non-invasive neuroregenerative devices.
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Adams RD, Gupta B, Harkins AB. Validation of electrical stimulation models: intracellular calcium measurement in three-dimensional scaffolds. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:1415-1424. [PMID: 28592688 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00223.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury can be disabling. Regeneration is limited by the rate of axonal extension, and proximal injury to peripheral nerves can take over a year to reach target organs. Electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to increase the rate of neurite growth, though the mechanism is not yet well understood. In our prior manuscript, we developed a computational model that demonstrates how ES can functionally elevate intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) based on ES intensity and duration. In this article, we validate the computation model for the [Ca2+]i changes in neuron soma. Embryonic chicken dorsal root ganglion cells were suspended in 3-dimensional collagen scaffolds. Fura-2 was used to measure [Ca2+]i in response to biphasic ES pulses ranging from 70 to 60,000 V/m in intensity and from 10 µs to 100 ms in duration. The computational model most closely matched the experimental data of the neurons with the highest [Ca2+]i elevation for ES pulses 100 µs or greater in duration. Nickel (200 µM) and cadmium (200 µM) blocked 98-99% of the [Ca2+]i rise, indicating that the rise in [Ca2+]i in response to ES is via voltage-dependent calcium channels. The average [Ca2+]i rise in response to ES was about one-tenth of the peak rise. Therefore, the computational model is validated for elevating [Ca2+]i of neurons and can be used as a tool for designing efficacious ES protocols for improving neuronal regeneration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Electrical stimulation is used to enhance neuron growth, and the role of neuronal intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) is an area of research interest. Widely varying stimulation parameters in the literature make it difficult to compare stimulation protocols. The results in this manuscript are the first to show neuronal [Ca2+]i in response to a broad and defined range of electrical pulse durations and intensities. These results validate our previously published novel computational model of [Ca2+]i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Adams
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Brinda Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Amy B Harkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Tanamoto R, Shindo Y, Niwano M, Matsumoto Y, Miki N, Hotta K, Oka K. Qualitative and quantitative estimation of comprehensive synaptic connectivity in short- and long-term cultured rat hippocampal neurons with new analytical methods inspired by Scatchard and Hill plots. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:486-91. [PMID: 26896767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate comprehensive synaptic connectivity, we examined Ca(2+) responses with quantitative electric current stimulation by indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass electrode with transparent and high electro-conductivity. The number of neurons with Ca(2+) responses was low during the application of stepwise increase of electric current in short-term cultured neurons (less than 17 days in-vitro (DIV)). The neurons cultured over 17 DIV showed two-type responses: S-shaped (sigmoid) and monotonous saturated responses, and Scatchard plots well illustrated the difference of these two responses. Furthermore, sigmoid like neural network responses over 17 DIV were altered to the monotonous saturated ones by the application of the mixture of AP5 and CNQX, specific blockers of NMDA and AMPA receptors, respectively. This alternation was also characterized by the change of Hill coefficients. These findings indicate that the neural network with sigmoid-like responses has strong synergetic or cooperative synaptic connectivity via excitatory glutamate synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanamoto
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shindo
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Japan
| | - Mariko Niwano
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Japan
| | - Norihisa Miki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kohji Hotta
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Japan
| | - Kotaro Oka
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Japan.
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Yamanaka R, Shindo Y, Karube T, Hotta K, Suzuki K, Oka K. Neural depolarization triggers Mg2+ influx in rat hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience 2015; 310:731-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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