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Pozzi E, Terribile G, Cherchi L, Di Girolamo S, Sancini G, Alberti P. Ion Channel and Transporter Involvement in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6552. [PMID: 38928257 PMCID: PMC11203899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system can encounter alterations due to exposure to some of the most commonly used anticancer drugs (platinum drugs, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, proteasome inhibitors, thalidomide), the so-called chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN). CIPN can be long-lasting or even permanent, and it is detrimental for the quality of life of cancer survivors, being associated with persistent disturbances such as sensory loss and neuropathic pain at limb extremities due to a mostly sensory axonal polyneuropathy/neuronopathy. In the state of the art, there is no efficacious preventive/curative treatment for this condition. Among the reasons for this unmet clinical and scientific need, there is an uncomplete knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms. Ion channels and transporters are pivotal elements in both the central and peripheral nervous system, and there is a growing body of literature suggesting that they might play a role in CIPN development. In this review, we first describe the biophysical properties of these targets and then report existing data for the involvement of ion channels and transporters in CIPN, thus paving the way for new approaches/druggable targets to cure and/or prevent CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Pozzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Giulia Terribile
- Human Physiology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Laura Cherchi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Sara Di Girolamo
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Giulio Sancini
- Human Physiology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Paola Alberti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.G.)
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Chiorazzi A, Canta A, Carozzi VA, Meregalli C, Pozzi E, Ballarini E, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Marmiroli P, Cavaletti G, Alberti P. Morphofunctional characterisation of axonal damage in different rat models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity: The role of nerve excitability testing. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2024; 29:47-57. [PMID: 38009865 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a common and long-lasting adverse event of several anticancer compounds, for which treatment has not yet been developed. To fill this gap, preclinical studies are warranted, exploiting highly translational outcome measure(s) to transfer data from bench to bedside. Nerve excitability testing (NET) enables to test in vivo axonal properties and can be used to monitor early changes leading to axonal damage. METHODS We tested NET use in two different CIPN rat models: oxaliplatin (OHP) and paclitaxel (PTX). Animals (female) were chronically treated with either PTX or OHP and compared to respective control animals. NET was performed as soon as the first injection was administered. At the end of the treatment, CIPN onset was verified via a multimodal and robust approach: nerve conduction studies, nerve morphometry, behavioural tests and intraepidermal nerve fibre density. RESULTS NET showed the typical pattern of axonal hyperexcitability in the 72 h following the first OHP administration, whereas it showed precocious signs of axonal damage in PTX animals. At the end of the month of treatment, OHP animals showed a pattern compatible with a mild axonal sensory polyneuropathy. Instead, PTX cohort was characterised by a rather severe sensory axonal polyneuropathy with minor signs of motor involvement. INTERPRETATION NET after the first administration demonstrated the ongoing OHP-related channelopathy, whereas in PTX cohort it showed precocious signs of axonal damage. Therefore, NET could be suggested as an early surrogate marker in clinical trials, to detect precocious changes leading to axonal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Chiorazzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Canta
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Alda Carozzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Meregalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pozzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Ballarini
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Rodriguez-Menendez
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Marmiroli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Alberti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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Klein C, Liu H, Zhao C, Huang W. Altered flexor carpi radialis motor axon excitability properties after cerebrovascular stroke. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1172960. [PMID: 37284180 PMCID: PMC10240235 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1172960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal motoneurons may become hyperexcitable after a stroke. Knowledge about motoneuron hyperexcitability remains clinically important as it may contribute to a number of phenomena including spasticity, flexion synergies, and abnormal limb postures. Hyperexcitability seems to occur more often in muscles that flex the wrist and fingers (forearm flexors) compared to other upper limb muscles. The cause of hyperexcitability remains uncertain but may involve plastic changes in motoneurons and their axons. Aim To characterize intrinsic membrane properties of flexor carpi radialis (FCR) motor axons after stroke using nerve excitability testing. Methods Nerve excitability testing using threshold tracking techniques was applied to characterize FCR motor axon properties in persons who suffered a first-time unilateral cortical/subcortical stroke 23 to 308 days earlier. The median nerve was stimulated at the elbow bilaterally in 16 male stroke subjects (51.4 ± 2.9 y) with compound muscle action potentials recorded from the FCR. Nineteen age-matched males (52.7 ± 2.4 y) were also tested to serve as controls. Results Axon parameters after stroke were consistent with bilateral hyperpolarization of the resting potential. Nonparetic and paretic side axons were modeled by a 2.6-fold increase in pump currents (IPumpNI) together with an increase (38%-33%) in internodal leak conductance (GLkI) and a decrease (23%-29%) in internodal H conductance (Ih) relative to control axons. A decrease (14%) in Na+ channel inactivation rate (Aah) was also needed to fit the paretic axon recovery cycle. "Fanning out" of threshold electrotonus and the resting I/V slope (stroke limbs combined) correlated with blood potassium [K+] (R = -0.61 to 0.62, p< 0.01) and disability (R = -0.58 to 0.55, p < 0.05), but not with spasticity, grip strength, or maximal FCR activity. Conclusion In contrast to our expectations, FCR axons were not hyperexcitable after stroke. Rather, FCR axons were found to be hyperpolarized bilaterally post stroke, and this was associated with disability and [K+]. Reduced FCR axon excitability may represent a kind of bilateral trans-synaptic homeostatic mechanism that acts to minimize motoneuron hyperexcitability.
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Abstract
Neuroelectrophysiology is an old science, dating to the 18th century when electrical activity in nerves was discovered. Such discoveries have led to a variety of neurophysiological techniques, ranging from basic neuroscience to clinical applications. These clinical applications allow assessment of complex neurological functions such as (but not limited to) sensory perception (vision, hearing, somatosensory function), and muscle function. The ability to use similar techniques in both humans and animal models increases the ability to perform mechanistic research to investigate neurological problems. Good animal to human homology of many neurophysiological systems facilitates interpretation of data to provide cause-effect linkages to epidemiological findings. Mechanistic cellular research to screen for toxicity often includes gaps between cellular and whole animal/person neurophysiological changes, preventing understanding of the complete function of the nervous system. Building Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) will allow us to begin to identify brain regions, timelines, neurotransmitters, etc. that may be Key Events (KE) in the Adverse Outcomes (AO). This requires an integrated strategy, from in vitro to in vivo (and hypothesis generation, testing, revision). Scientists need to determine intermediate levels of nervous system organization that are related to an AO and work both upstream and downstream using mechanistic approaches. Possibly more than any other organ, the brain will require networks of pathways/AOPs to allow sufficient predictive accuracy. Advancements in neurobiological techniques should be incorporated into these AOP-base neurotoxicological assessments, including interactions between many regions of the brain simultaneously. Coupled with advancements in optogenetic manipulation, complex functions of the nervous system (such as acquisition, attention, sensory perception, etc.) can be examined in real time. The integration of neurophysiological changes with changes in gene/protein expression can begin to provide the mechanistic underpinnings for biological changes. Establishment of linkages between changes in cellular physiology and those at the level of the AO will allow construction of biological pathways (AOPs) and allow development of higher throughput assays to test for changes to critical physiological circuits. To allow mechanistic/predictive toxicology of the nervous system to be protective of human populations, neuroelectrophysiology has a critical role in our future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Herr
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, NC, United States
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Palomés-Borrajo G, Badia J, Navarro X, Penas C. Nerve Excitability and Neuropathic Pain is Reduced by BET Protein Inhibition After Spared Nerve Injury. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 22:1617-1630. [PMID: 34157407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common disability produced by enhanced neuronal excitability after nervous system injury. The pathophysiological changes that underlie the generation and maintenance of neuropathic pain require modifications of transcriptional programs. In particular, there is an induction of pro-inflammatory neuromodulators levels, and changes in the expression of ion channels and other factors intervening in the determination of the membrane potential in neuronal cells. We have previously found that inhibition of the BET proteins epigenetic readers reduced neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. Within the present study we aimed to determine if BET protein inhibition may also affect neuroinflammation after a peripheral nerve injury, and if this would beneficially alter neuronal excitability and neuropathic pain. For this purpose, C57BL/6 female mice underwent spared nerve injury (SNI), and were treated with the BET inhibitor JQ1, or vehicle. Electrophysiological and algesimetry tests were performed on these mice. We also determined the effects of JQ1 treatment after injury on neuroinflammation, and the expression of neuronal components important for the maintenance of axon membrane potential. We found that treatment with JQ1 affected neuronal excitability and mechanical hyperalgesia after SNI in mice. BET protein inhibition regulated cytokine expression and reduced microglial reactivity after injury. In addition, JQ1 treatment altered the expression of SCN3A, SCN9A, KCNA1, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, HCN1 and HCN2 ion channels, as well as the expression of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump subunits. In conclusion, both, alteration of inflammation, and neuronal transcription, could be the responsible epigenetic mechanisms for the reduction of excitability and hyperalgesia observed after BET inhibition. Inhibition of BET proteins is a promising therapy for reducing neuropathic pain after neural injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Palomés-Borrajo
- Institute of Neurosciences, Dept. Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Badia
- Institute of Neurosciences, Dept. Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences, Dept. Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Clara Penas
- Institute of Neurosciences, Dept. Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Hossain MJ, Kendig MD, Wild BM, Issar T, Krishnan AV, Morris MJ, Arnold R. Evidence of Altered Peripheral Nerve Function in a Rodent Model of Diet-Induced Prediabetes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090313. [PMID: 32872256 PMCID: PMC7555926 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a debilitating complication of diabetes that affects >50% of patients. Recent evidence suggests that obesity and metabolic disease, which often precede diabetes diagnosis, may influence PN onset and severity. We examined this in a translationally relevant model of prediabetes induced by a cafeteria (CAF) diet in Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 15 CAF versus n = 15 control). Neuropathy phenotyping included nerve conduction, tactile sensitivity, intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) and nerve excitability testing, an in vivo measure of ion channel function and membrane potential. Metabolic phenotyping included body composition, blood glucose and lipids, plasma hormones and inflammatory cytokines. After 13 weeks diet, CAF-fed rats demonstrated prediabetes with significantly elevated fasting blood glucose, insulin and impaired glucose tolerance as well as obesity and dyslipidemia. Nerve conduction, tactile sensitivity and IENFD did not differ; however, superexcitability was significantly increased in CAF-fed rats. Mathematical modeling demonstrated this was consistent with a reduction in sodium–potassium pump current. Moreover, superexcitability correlated positively with insulin resistance and adiposity, and negatively with fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In conclusion, prediabetic rats over-consuming processed, palatable foods demonstrated altered nerve function that preceded overt PN. This work provides a relevant model for pathophysiological investigation of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakir Hossain
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Michael D. Kendig
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Brandon M. Wild
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Tushar Issar
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.I.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Arun V. Krishnan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.I.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Ria Arnold
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-293858709
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Bruna J, Alberti P, Calls-Cobos A, Caillaud M, Damaj MI, Navarro X. Methods for in vivo studies in rodents of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy. Exp Neurol 2020; 325:113154. [PMID: 31837318 PMCID: PMC7105293 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common, dose limiting, and long-lasting disabling adverse events of chemotherapy treatment. Unfortunately, no treatment has proven efficacy to prevent this adverse effect in patients or improve the nerve regeneration, once it is established. Experimental models, particularly using rats and mice, are useful to investigate the mechanisms related to axonal or neuronal degeneration and target loss of function induced by neurotoxic drugs, as well as to test new strategies to prevent the development of neuropathy and to improve functional restitution. Therefore, objective and reliable methods should be applied for the assessment of function and innervation in adequately designed in vivo studies of CIPN, taking into account the impact of age, sex and species/strains features. This review gives an overview of the most useful methods to assess sensory, motor and autonomic functions, electrophysiological and morphological tests in rodent models of peripheral neuropathy, focused on CIPN. We include as well a proposal of protocols that may improve the quality and comparability of studies undertaken in different laboratories. It is recommended to apply more than one functional method for each type of function, and to perform parallel morphological studies in the same targets and models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bruna
- Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut Català d'Oncologia L'Hospitalet, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Paola Alberti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Aina Calls-Cobos
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Martial Caillaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
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Alberti P, Canta A, Chiorazzi A, Fumagalli G, Meregalli C, Monza L, Pozzi E, Ballarini E, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Oggioni N, Sancini G, Marmiroli P, Cavaletti G. Topiramate prevents oxaliplatin-related axonal hyperexcitability and oxaliplatin induced peripheral neurotoxicity. Neuropharmacology 2019; 164:107905. [PMID: 31811874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OHP) Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity (OIPN) is one of the dose-limiting toxicities of the drug and these adverse effects limit cancer therapy with L-OHP, used for colorectal cancer treatment. Acute neurotoxicity consists of symptoms that are the hallmarks of a transient axonal hyperexcitability; chronic neurotoxicity has a clinical picture compatible with a length-dependent sensory neuropathy. Acute OIPN pathogenesis has been linked to sodium voltage-operated channels (Na + VOC) dysfunction and it has been advocated as a possible predisposing factor to chronic neurotoxicity. We tested if topiramate (TPM), a well-known Na + VOC modulator, was able to modify acute as well as chronic OIPN. The project was divided into two parts. In Experiment 1 we tested by means of Nerve Excitability Testing (NET) a cohort of female Wistar rats to assess TPM effects after a single OHP administration (5 mg/kg, iv). In Experiment 2 we assessed TPM effects after chronic OHP treatment (5 mg/kg, 2qw4ws, iv) using NET, nerve conduction studies (NCS), behavioral tests and neuropathology (caudal nerve morphometry and morphology and Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber [IENF] density). In Experiment 1 TPM was able to prevent OHP effects on Na + VOC: OHP treatment induced a highly significant reduction of the sensory nerve's threshold, during the superexcitability period (p-value = 0.008), whereas TPM co-administration prevented this effect. In Experiment 2 we verified that TPM was able to prevent not only acute phenomena, but also to completely prevent chronic OIPN. This latter observation was supported by a multimodal approach: in fact, only OHP group showed altered findings compared to CTRL group at a neurophysiological (proximal caudal nerve sensory nerve action potential [SNAP] amplitude, p-value = 0.001; distal caudal nerve SNAP amplitude, p-value<0.001, distal caudal nerve sensory conduction velocity, p-value = 0.04), behavioral (mechanical threshold, p-value 0.003) and neuropathological levels (caudal nerve fibers density, p-value 0.001; IENF density, p-value <0.001). Our data show that TPM is a promising drug to prevent both acute and chronic OIPN. These findings have a high translational potential, since they were obtained using outcome measures that match clinical practice and TPM is already approved for clinical use being free from detrimental interaction with OHP anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Alberti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Canta
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessia Chiorazzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Fumagalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; PhD program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Meregalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Monza
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; Human Physiology Lab., School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pozzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; PhD program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa Ballarini
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Virginia Rodriguez-Menendez
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Norberto Oggioni
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulio Sancini
- NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; Human Physiology Lab., School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Marmiroli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
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Harrigan ME, Filous AR, Tosolini AP, Morris R, Schwab JM, Arnold WD. Assessing Rat Forelimb and Hindlimb Motor Unit Connectivity as Objective and Robust Biomarkers of Spinal Motor Neuron Function. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16699. [PMID: 31723233 PMCID: PMC6853930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive and objective biomarkers of neuronal injury, degeneration, and regeneration can help facilitate translation of experimental findings into clinical testing. Whereas measures of upper motor neuron connectivity have been readily established, functional assessments of lower motor neuron (LMN) innervation of forelimb muscles are lacking. Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and motor unit (MU) number estimation (MUNE) are well-established methods that allow longitudinal MU integrity monitoring in patients. In analogy we refined CMAP and MUNE methods for assessing spinal MU input in the rat forelimb and hindlimb. Repeated CMAP and MUNE recordings are robust (coefficients of variability: 4.5-11.3%), and MUNE measurements from forelimb wrist flexor muscles (415 ± 8 [SEM]) align with back-traced anatomical LMN counts (336 ± 16 [SEM]). For disease validation, cross-sectional blinded electrophysiological and muscle contractility measurements were obtained in a cohort of G93A SOD1 mutant overexpressing rats and compared with controls. Longitudinal assessment of mutant animals demonstrated progressive motor unit decline in the hindlimb to a greater extent than the forelimb. Hindlimb CMAP and MUNE demonstrated strong correlations with plantarflexion muscle contractility. Cross-species assessment of upper/fore- limb and lower/hind- limb motor units using objective electrophysiological CMAP and MUNE values as biomarkers will guide and improve bi-directional translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus E Harrigan
- Department of Neurology, Spinal Cord Injury Medicine (Paraplegiology), The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Angela R Filous
- Department of Neurology, Spinal Cord Injury Medicine (Paraplegiology), The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew P Tosolini
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Renee Morris
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jan M Schwab
- Department of Neurology, Spinal Cord Injury Medicine (Paraplegiology), The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Makker PGS, Matamala JM, Park SB, Lees JG, Kiernan MC, Burke D, Moalem‐Taylor G, Howells J. A unified model of the excitability of mouse sensory and motor axons. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2018; 23:159-173. [DOI: 10.1111/jns.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preet G. S. Makker
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | | | - Susanna B. Park
- Brain and Mind CentreThe University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Justin G. Lees
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Matthew C. Kiernan
- Brain and Mind CentreThe University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - David Burke
- Royal Prince Alfred HospitalThe University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Gila Moalem‐Taylor
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - James Howells
- Brain and Mind CentreThe University of Sydney Sydney Australia
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Wild BM, Morris R, Moldovan M, Krarup C, Krishnan AV, Arnold R. In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29443059 DOI: 10.3791/56102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiology enables the objective assessment of peripheral nerve function in vivo. Traditional nerve conduction measures such as amplitude and latency detect chronic axon loss and demyelination, respectively. Axonal excitability techniques "by threshold tracking" expand upon these measures by providing information regarding the activity of ion channels, pumps and exchangers that relate to acute function and may precede degenerative events. As such, the use of axonal excitability in animal models of neurological disorders may provide a useful in vivo measure to assess novel therapeutic interventions. Here we describe an experimental setup for multiple measures of motor axonal excitability techniques in the rat ulnar nerve. The animals are anesthetized with isoflurane and carefully monitored to ensure constant and adequate depth of anesthesia. Body temperature, respiration rate, heart rate and saturation of oxygen in the blood are continuously monitored. Axonal excitability studies are performed using percutaneous stimulation of the ulnar nerve and recording from the hypothenar muscles of the forelimb paw. With correct electrode placement, a clear compound muscle action potential that increases in amplitude with increasing stimulus intensity is recorded. An automated program is then utilized to deliver a series of electrical pulses which generate 5 specific excitability measures in the following sequence: stimulus response behavior, strength duration time constant, threshold electrotonus, current-threshold relationship and the recovery cycle. Data presented here indicate that these measures are repeatable and show similarity between left and right ulnar nerves when assessed on the same day. A limitation of these techniques in this setting is the effect of dose and time under anesthesia. Careful monitoring and recording of these variables should be undertaken for consideration at the time of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Wild
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales
| | - Renée Morris
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales
| | - Mihai Moldovan
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet and the Institute of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen
| | - Christian Krarup
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet and the Institute of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen
| | - Arun V Krishnan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales
| | - Ria Arnold
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales;
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