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Yablonka-Reuveni Z, Stockdale F, Nudel U, Israeli D, Blau HM, Shainberg A, Neuman S, Kessler-Icekson G, Krull EM, Paterson B, Fuchs OS, Greenberg D, Sarig R, Halevy O, Ozawa E, Katcoff DJ. Farewell to Professor David Yaffe - A pillar of the myogenesis field. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:9306. [PMID: 33117511 PMCID: PMC7582454 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is with great sadness that we have learned about the passing of Professor David Yaffe (1929-2020, Israel). Yehi Zichro Baruch - May his memory be a blessing. David was a man of family, science and nature. A native of Israel, David grew up in the historic years that preceded the birth of the State of Israel. He was a member of the group that established Kibbutz Revivim in the Negev desert, and in 1948 participated in Israel's War of Independence. David and Ruth eventually joined Kibbutz Givat Brenner by Rehovot, permitting David to be both a kibbutz member and a life-long researcher at the Weizmann Institute of Science, where David received his PhD in 1959. David returned to the Institute after his postdoc at Stanford. Here, after several years of researching a number of tissues as models for studying the process of differentiation, David entered the myogenesis field and stayed with it to his last day. With his dedication to the field of myogenesis and his commitment to furthering the understanding of the People and the Land of Israel throughout the international scientific community, David organized the first ever myogenesis meeting that took place in Shoresh, Israel in 1975. This was followed by the 1980 myogenesis meeting at the same place and many more outstanding meetings, all of which brought together myogenesis, nature and scenery. Herein, through the preparation and publication of this current manuscript, we are meeting once again at a "David Yaffe myogenesis meeting". Some of us have been members of the Yaffe lab, some of us have known David as his national and international colleagues in the myology field. One of our contributors has also known (and communicates here) about David Yaffe's earlier years as a kibbutznick in the Negev. Our collective reflections are a tribute to Professor David Yaffe. We are fortunate that the European Journal of Translational Myology has provided us with tremendous input and a platform for holding this 2020 distance meeting "Farwell to Professor David Yaffe - A Pillar of the Myogenesis Field".
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Uri Nudel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Helen M. Blau
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Asher Shainberg
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Gania Kessler-Icekson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Bruce Paterson
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David Greenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orna Halevy
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eijiro Ozawa
- National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Don J. Katcoff
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Zhang Y, Li X, Ciric B, Ma CG, Gran B, Rostami A, Zhang GX. Effect of Fingolimod on Neural Stem Cells: A Novel Mechanism and Broadened Application for Neural Repair. Mol Ther 2016; 25:401-415. [PMID: 28153091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory demyelination and axonal damage of the CNS are hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Fingolimod (FTY720), the first FDA-approved oral medication for MS, suppresses acute disease but is less effective at the chronic stage, and whether it has a direct effect on neuroregeneration in MS and EAE remains unclear. Here we show that FTY720, at nanomolar concentrations, effectively protected survival of neural stem cells (NSCs) and enhanced their development into mature oligodendrocytes (OLGs) in vitro, primarily through the S1P3 and S1P5 receptors. In vivo, treatment with either FTY720 or NSCs alone had no effect on the secondary progressive stage of remitting-relapsing EAE, but a combination therapy with FTY720 and NSCs promoted significant recovery, including ameliorated clinical signs and CNS inflammatory demyelination, enhanced MBP synthesis and remyelination, inhibited axonal degeneration, and reduced astrogliosis. Moreover, FTY720 significantly improved incorporation and survival of transplanted NSCs in the CNS and drove their differentiation into more OLGs but fewer astrocytes, thus promoting remyelination and CNS repair processes in situ. Our data demonstrate a novel effect of FTY720 on NSC differentiation and remyelination, broadening its possible application to NSC-based therapy in the secondary progressive stage of MS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Fingolimod Hydrochloride/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mice
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Myelin Sheath/drug effects
- Myelin Sheath/metabolism
- Nerve Regeneration
- Neural Stem Cells/cytology
- Neural Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neural Stem Cells/metabolism
- Oligodendroglia/cytology
- Oligodendroglia/drug effects
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Shanxi Datong University Medical School, Datong 037009, China
| | - Bruno Gran
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Aharoni R. Immunomodulation neuroprotection and remyelination - the fundamental therapeutic effects of glatiramer acetate: a critical review. J Autoimmun 2014; 54:81-92. [PMID: 24934599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifaceted heterogeneous disease with various patterns of tissue damage. In addition to inflammation and demyelination, widespread axonal and neuronal pathologies are central components of this disease. MS therapies aim to restrain the pathological processes, enhance protective mechanisms, and prevent disease progression. The amino acid copolymer, glatiramer acetate (GA, Copaxone), an approved treatment for MS, has a unique mode of action. Evidence from the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and from MS patients indicates that GA affects various levels of the innate and the adaptive immune response, inducing deviation from the pro-inflammatory to the anti-inflammatory pathways. This includes competition for the binding of antigen presenting cells, driving dendritic cells, monocytes, and B-cells towards anti-inflammatory responses, induction of Th2/3 and T-regulatory cells, and downregulating of both Th1 and Th-17 cells. The immune cells induced by GA reach the inflamed disease organ and secrete in situ anti-inflammatory cytokines alleviating the pathological processes. Furthermore, cumulative findings have revealed that in addition to its immunomodulatory activities GA promotes neuroprotective repair processes such as neurotrophic factors secretion and remyelination. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the diverse mechanism of action of GA in EAE/MS, in particular on the in situ effect of GA and its ability to generate neuroprotection and repair in the CNS. In view of its immunomodulatory activity, the beneficial effects of GA in various models of additional autoimmune related pathologies, such as immune rejection and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Aharoni
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Aharoni R. The mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis and beyond. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:543-53. [PMID: 23051633 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the immune system reacts again self myelin constitutes in the central nervous system (CNS), initiating a detrimental inflammatory cascade that leads to demyelination as well as axonal and neuronal pathology. The amino acid copolymer glatiramer acetate (GA, Copaxone) is an approved first-line treatment for MS that has a unique mode of action. Accumulated evidence from EAE-induced animals and from MS patients indicates that GA affects various levels of the innate and the adaptive immune response, generating deviation from the pro-inflammatory to the anti-inflammatory pathway. This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the diverse mechanism of action of GA in EAE/MS, in particular on the in situ immunomodulatory effect of GA and its ability to generate neuroprotective repair consequences in the CNS. In view of its immunomodulatory activity, the beneficial effect of GA in various models of other autoimmune related pathologies, such as immune rejection and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Aharoni
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Reekmans K, Praet J, De Vocht N, Daans J, Van der Linden A, Berneman Z, Ponsaerts P. Stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: preclinical evidence beyond all doubt? Regen Med 2012; 7:245-59. [PMID: 22397612 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation holds great promise for restoration of neural function in various neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, many questions remain regarding the true efficacy and precise mode of action of stem cell-based therapeutic approaches. Therefore, in this article, we will first discuss the ideal route and/or timing of stem cell-based therapies for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most used preclinical animal model for MS. Next, we will provide an overview of the proposed mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of stem cell transplantation observed during the treatment of rodent EAE. Reviews of current and past literature clearly demonstrate conceptual changes in the development of stem cell-based approaches for EAE/MS, leading to the identification of several major challenges to be tackled before (stem) cell therapy for rodent EAE can be safely and successfully translated to human therapy for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien Reekmans
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Gopalakrishnan V, Bie B, Sinnappah-Kang ND, Adams H, Fuller GN, Pan ZZ, Majumder S. Myoblast-derived neuronal cells form glutamatergic neurons in the mouse cerebellum. Stem Cells 2011; 28:1839-47. [PMID: 20799335 DOI: 10.1002/stem.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Production of neurons from non-neural cells has far-reaching clinical significance. We previously found that myoblasts can be converted to a physiologically active neuronal phenotype by transferring a single recombinant transcription factor, REST-VP16, which directly activates target genes of the transcriptional repressor, REST. However, the neuronal subtype of M-RV cells and whether they can establish synaptic communication in the brain have remained unknown. M-RV cells engineered to express green fluorescent protein (M-RV-GFP) had functional ion channels but did not establish synaptic communication in vitro. However, when transplanted into newborn mice cerebella, a site of extensive postnatal neurogenesis, these cells expressed endogenous cerebellar granule precursors and neuron proteins, such as transient axonal glycoprotein-1, neurofilament, type-III β-tubulin, superior cervical ganglia-clone 10, glutamate receptor-2, and glutamate decarboxylase. Importantly, they exhibited action potentials and were capable of receiving glutamatergic synaptic input, similar to the native cerebellar granule neurons. These results suggest that M-RV-GFP cells differentiate into glutamatergic neurons, an important neuronal subtype, in the postnatal cerebellar milieu. Our findings suggest that although activation of REST-target genes can reprogram myoblasts to assume a general neuronal phenotype, the subtype specificity may then be directed by the brain microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Improved muscle strength and mobility in the dy(2J)/dy(2J) mouse with merosin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy treated with Glatiramer acetate. Neuromuscul Disord 2010; 20:267-72. [PMID: 20304648 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of Glatiramer acetate, an immune modulating agent, was evaluated in the dy(2J)/dy(2J) mouse with merosin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy, which is a milder variant of the dy/dy mouse. The treated mice showed significant improvement in hind limb muscle strength measured by electronic grip strength meter and in motor performance quantified by video detection software. Glatiramer acetate treatment was associated with significantly increased expression of regeneration transcription factors MyoD and myogenin, and attenuation of the fibrosis markers vimentin and fibronectin. No effective treatment is currently available in congenital muscular dystrophy and Glatiramer acetate may present a new potential treatment for this disorder.
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Sarig R, Fuchs O, Tencer L, Panski A, Nudel U, Yaffe D. Cloned myogenic cells can transdifferentiate in vivo into neuron-like cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8814. [PMID: 20098686 PMCID: PMC2809103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The question of whether intact somatic cells committed to a specific differentiation fate, can be reprogrammed in vivo by exposing them to a different host microenvironment is a matter of controversy. Many reports on transdifferentiation could be explained by fusion with host cells or reflect intrinsic heterogeneity of the donor cell population. Methodology/Principal Findings We have tested the capacity of cloned populations of mouse and human muscle progenitor cells, committed to the myogenic pathway, to transdifferentiate to neurons, following their inoculation into the developing brain of newborn mice. Both cell types migrated into various brain regions, and a fraction of them gained a neuronal morphology and expressed neuronal or glial markers. Likewise, inoculated cloned human myogenic cells expressed a human specific neurofilament protein. Brain injected donor cells that expressed a YFP transgene controlled by a neuronal specific promoter, were isolated by FACS. The isolated cells had a wild-type diploid DNA content. Conclusions These and other results indicate a genuine transdifferentiation phenomenon induced by the host brain microenvironment and not by fusion with host cells. The results may potentially be relevant to the prospect of autologous cell therapy approach for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sarig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ora Fuchs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lilach Tencer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avi Panski
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uri Nudel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Yaffe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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