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Hansmann F, Jungwirth N, Zhang N, Skripuletz T, Stein VM, Tipold A, Stangel M, Baumgärtner W. Beneficial and detrimental impact of transplanted canine adipose-derived stem cells in a virus-induced demyelinating mouse model. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:130-140. [PMID: 30078587 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years stem cell therapies have been broadly applied in various disease models specifically immune mediated and degenerative diseases. Whether adipose-derived stem cells might represent a useful therapeutic option in virus-triggered central nervous system diseases has not been investigated so far. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis (TME) and canine distemper encephalitis are established, virus-mediated animal models sharing many similarities with multiple sclerosis (MS). Canine adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) were selected since dogs might serve as an important translational model for further therapeutic applications. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether canine ASC influence clinical signs, axonal damage, demyelination and inflammation during TME. ASC were transplanted intravenously (iv) or intra-cerebroventricularly (icv) at 7 (early) or 42 (late) days post infection (dpi) in TME virus (TMEV) infected mice. TMEV/ASC iv animals transplanted at 7dpi displayed a transient clinical deterioration in rotarod performance compared to TMEV/control animals. Worsening of clinical signs was associated with significantly increased numbers of microglia/macrophages and demyelination in the spinal cord. In contrast, late transplantation had no influence on clinical findings of TMEV-infected animals. However, late TMEV/ASC iv transplanted animals showed reduced axonal damage compared to TMEV/control animals. Screening of spinal cord and peripheral organs for transplanted ASC revealed no positive cells. Surprisingly, iv transplanted animals showed pulmonary follicular aggregates consisting of T- and B-lymphocytes. Thus, our data suggest that following intravenous application, the lung as priming organ for lymphocytes seems to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of TME. Consequences of T-lymphocyte priming in the lung depend on the disease phase and may be responsible for disease modifying effects of ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hansmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Jungwirth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Skripuletz
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Veronika Maria Stein
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 128, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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Targeting VIP and PACAP receptor signalling: new therapeutic strategies in multiple sclerosis. ASN Neuro 2011; 3:AN20110024. [PMID: 21895607 PMCID: PMC3189630 DOI: 10.1042/an20110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MS (multiple sclerosis) is a chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative pathology of the CNS (central nervous system) affecting approx. 2.5 million people worldwide. Current and emerging DMDs (disease-modifying drugs) predominantly target the immune system. These therapeutic agents slow progression and reduce severity at early stages of MS, but show little activity on the neurodegenerative component of the disease. As the latter determines permanent disability, there is a critical need to pursue alternative modalities. VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) and PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide) have potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions, and have shown significant activity in animal inflammatory disease models including the EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) MS model. Thus, their receptors have become candidate targets for inflammatory diseases. Here, we will discuss the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective actions of VIP and PACAP and their signalling pathways, and then extensively review the structure–activity relationship data and biophysical interaction studies of these peptides with their cognate receptors.
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