10
|
Perga S, Martire S, Montarolo F, Giordani I, Spadaro M, Bono G, Corvisieri S, Messuti I, Panzica G, Orlandi F, Bertolotto A. The Footprints of Poly-Autoimmunity: Evidence for Common Biological Factors Involved in Multiple Sclerosis and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29527211 PMCID: PMC5829620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of chronic disorders and affect a multitude of organs and systems. However, the existence of common pathophysiological mechanisms is hypothesized and reports of shared risk are emerging as well. In this regard, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been shown to have an increased susceptibility to develop chronic autoimmune thyroid diseases, in particular Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), suggesting an autoimmune predisposition. However, studies comparing such different pathologies of autoimmune origin are still missing till date. In the present study, we sought to investigate mechanisms which may lead to the frequent coexistence of MS and HT by analyzing several factors related to the pathogenesis of MS and HT in patients affected by one or both diseases, as well as in healthy donors. In particular, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene-expression levels of common candidate genes such as TNFAIP3, NR4A family, BACH2, FOXP3, and PDCD5, in addition to the regulatory T cell (Treg) percentage and the 25-hydroxy vitamin D serum levels. Our findings support the plausibility of the existence of common deregulated mechanisms shared by MS and HT, such as BACH2/PDCD5-FOXP3 pathways and Tregs. Although the biological implications of these data need to be further investigated, we have highlighted the relevance of studies comparing different autoimmune pathologies for the understanding of the core concepts of autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Perga
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Regional Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Martire
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Regional Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Montarolo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Regional Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giordani
- SCDU Endocrinology and Metabolism, Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Spadaro
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Regional Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bono
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Regional Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Corvisieri
- SCDU Endocrinology and Metabolism, Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Messuti
- SCDU Endocrinology and Metabolism, Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Orlandi
- SCDU Endocrinology and Metabolism, Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Bertolotto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Regional Reference Centre for Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiao J, Yang R, Biswas S, Zhu Y, Qin X, Zhang M, Zhai L, Luo Y, He X, Mao C, Deng W. Neural Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Approaches for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3152-3171. [PMID: 28466274 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which ultimately leads to axonal loss and permanent neurological disability. Current treatments for MS are largely comprised of medications that are either immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive and are aimed at reducing the frequency and intensity of relapses. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain can differentiate into oligodendrocytes in a context-specific manner and are shown to be involved in the remyelination in these patients. NSCs may exert their beneficial effects not only through oligodendrocyte replacement but also by providing trophic support and immunomodulation, a phenomenon now known as "therapeutic plasticity." In this review, we first provided an update on the current knowledge regarding MS pathogenesis and the role of immune cells, microglia, and oligodendrocytes in MS disease progression. Next, we reviewed the current progress on research aimed toward stimulating endogenous NSC proliferation and differentiation to oligodendrocytes in vivo and in animal models of demyelination. In addition, we explored the neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects of transplanted exogenous NSCs on T cell activation, microglial activation, and endogenous remyelination and their effects on the pathological process and prognosis in animal models of MS. Finally, we examined various protocols to generate genetically engineered NSCs as a potential therapy for MS. Overall, this review highlights the studies involving the immunomodulatory, neurotrophic, and regenerative effects of NSCs and novel methods aiming at stimulating the potential of NSCs for the treatment of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Yang Central Hospital, Medical College of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.,Department of Biological Treatment, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Rongbing Yang
- Department of Biological Treatment, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Sangita Biswas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2425 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Yunhua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Yang Central Hospital, Medical College of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Qin
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Yang Central Hospital, Medical College of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Yang Central Hospital, Medical College of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Lihong Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Yang Central Hospital, Medical College of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Yang Central Hospital, Medical College of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Yang Central Hospital, Medical College of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Chun Mao
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Yang Central Hospital, Medical College of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2425 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Srinivasan S, Di Dario M, Russo A, Menon R, Brini E, Romeo M, Sangalli F, Costa GD, Rodegher M, Radaelli M, Moiola L, Cantarella D, Medico E, Martino G, Furlan R, Martinelli V, Comi G, Farina C. Dysregulation of MS risk genes and pathways at distinct stages of disease. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2017; 4:e337. [PMID: 28349074 PMCID: PMC5356498 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To perform systematic transcriptomic analysis of multiple sclerosis (MS) risk genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of subjects with distinct MS stages and describe the pathways characterized by dysregulated gene expressions. Methods: We monitored gene expression levels in PBMCs from 3 independent cohorts for a total of 297 cases (including clinically isolated syndromes (CIS), relapsing-remitting MS, primary and secondary progressive MS) and 96 healthy controls by distinct microarray platforms and quantitative PCR. Differential expression and pathway analyses for distinct MS stages were defined and validated by literature mining. Results: Genes located in the vicinity of MS risk variants displayed altered expression in peripheral blood at distinct stages of MS compared with the healthy population. The frequency of dysregulation was significantly higher than expected in CIS and progressive forms of MS. Pathway analysis for each MS stage–specific gene list showed that dysregulated genes contributed to pathogenic processes with scientific evidence in MS. Conclusions: Systematic gene expression analysis in PBMCs highlighted selective dysregulation of MS susceptibility genes playing a role in novel and well-known pathogenic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundararajan Srinivasan
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Marco Di Dario
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Russo
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Ramesh Menon
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Brini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Marzia Romeo
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesca Sangalli
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gloria Dalla Costa
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Mariaemma Rodegher
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Marta Radaelli
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Lucia Moiola
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Daniela Cantarella
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Enzo Medico
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Martinelli
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) (S.S., M.D.D., A.R., R.M., E.B., M. Romeo, F.S., G.D.C., M. Rodegher, M. Radaelli, L.M., G.M., R.F., V.M., G.C., C.F.), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (S.S., E.B., G.C.), Milan; and Laboratory of Functional Genomics (D.C., E.M.), Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|