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Fang Y, Chang AY, Verma D, Miyashita SI, Eszterhas S, Lee PG, Shen Y, Davis LR, Dong M, Bailey-Kellogg C, Griswold KE. Functional Deimmunization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Protease Domain via Computationally Driven Library Design and Ultrahigh-Throughput Screening. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:153-163. [PMID: 36623275 PMCID: PMC9872818 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is a widely used cosmetic agent that also has diverse therapeutic applications; however, adverse antidrug immune responses and associated loss of efficacy have been reported in clinical uses. Here, we describe computational design and ultrahigh-throughput screening of a massive BoNT/A light-chain (BoNT/A-LC) library optimized for reduced T cell epitope content and thereby dampened immunogenicity. We developed a functional assay based on bacterial co-expression of BoNT/A-LC library members with a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor for BoNT/A-LC enzymatic activity, and we employed high-speed fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to identify numerous computationally designed variants having wild-type-like enzyme kinetics. Many of these variants exhibited decreased immunogenicity in humanized HLA transgenic mice and manifested in vivo paralytic activity when incorporated into full-length toxin. One variant achieved near-wild-type paralytic potency and a 300% reduction in antidrug antibody response in vivo. Thus, we have achieved a striking level of BoNT/A-LC functional deimmunization by combining computational library design and ultrahigh-throughput screening. This strategy holds promise for deimmunizing other biologics with complex superstructures and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Fang
- Thayer
School of Engineering, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Department
of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Andrew Y. Chang
- Thayer
School of Engineering, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Deeptak Verma
- Department
of Computer Science, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Shin-Ichiro Miyashita
- Department
of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Tokyo
University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri 099-2493, Japan
| | - Susan Eszterhas
- Thayer
School of Engineering, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Pyung-Gang Lee
- Department
of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yi Shen
- Department
of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lydia R. Davis
- Thayer
School of Engineering, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Min Dong
- Department
of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Microbiology and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chris Bailey-Kellogg
- Department
of Computer Science, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Karl E. Griswold
- Thayer
School of Engineering, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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Badarny S, Ibrahim R, Susel Z, Zaina A, Nasar R, Badarny Y. Long-term stable efficacy of botulinum toxin A in facial movement disorders with no need for increasing dose. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26481. [PMID: 34160460 PMCID: PMC8238266 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin A is considered an effective treatment for involuntary facial movements. We examined whether treatment efficacy maintained or changed over time with two products, Botox and Dysport, in patients with hemifacial spasm, facial synkinesis and benign essential blepharospasm.We retrospectively investigated 87 consecutive patients (51 women, 36 men) who had undergone treatment for ≥6 years. Long-term effects, as well as side effects of Botox or Dysport local injections were evaluated. The first three treatments were considered the titration period and not taken into account when testing for dose changes.Mean treatment duration was 10 years (range 6-11, SD 1.0), 2441 treatments were administered, 1162 with Botox and 1279 with Dysport, the two brands were interchanged as needed. Good to full improvement was seen in 90% of patients both with both brands. Injection doses and treatment responses were consistent during the study with both drugs. No major side effects were reported, and relatively few minor adverse events were reported, with clear reduction from the titration period (6.1%), to the remainder of the study (3.9%).Botulinum toxin (BTX-A) is a satisfactory long-term treatment without need for dose increase over. Both Botox and Dysport were effective when used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samih Badarny
- Department of Neurology, Galilee Medical Center Naharyia
- Bar Ilan Faculty of Medicine, Safed
| | - Raphiq Ibrahim
- Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center & Department of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa
| | | | - Adnan Zaina
- Endocrinology Clinic, Zvulun Medical Clinic, Kiryat Bialik
| | | | - Yazid Badarny
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Mittal SO, Lenka A, Jankovic J. Cervical dystonia: an update on therapeutics. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1613978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Om Mittal
- , Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Abhishek Lenka
- Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Houston, TX, USA
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Dhanda SK, Karosiene E, Edwards L, Grifoni A, Paul S, Andreatta M, Weiskopf D, Sidney J, Nielsen M, Peters B, Sette A. Predicting HLA CD4 Immunogenicity in Human Populations. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1369. [PMID: 29963059 PMCID: PMC6010533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prediction of T cell immunogenicity is a topic of considerable interest, both in terms of basic understanding of the mechanisms of T cells responses and in terms of practical applications. HLA binding affinity is often used to predict T cell epitopes, since HLA binding affinity is a key requisite for human T cell immunogenicity. However, immunogenicity at the population it is complicated by the high level of variability of HLA molecules, potential other factors beyond HLA as well as the frequent lack of HLA typing data. To overcome those issues, we explored an alternative approach to identify the common characteristics able to distinguish immunogenic peptides from non-recognized peptides. Methods Sets of dominant epitopes derived from peer-reviewed published papers were used in conjunction with negative peptides from the same experiments/donors to train neural networks and generate an “immunogenicity score.” We also compared the performance of the immunogenicity score with previously described method for immunogenicity prediction based on HLA class II binding at the population level. Results The immunogenicity score was validated on a series of independent datasets derived from the published literature, representing 57 independent studies where immunogenicity in human populations was assessed by testing overlapping peptides spanning different antigens. Overall, these testing datasets corresponded to over 2,000 peptides and tested in over 1,600 different human donors. The 7-allele method prediction and the immunogenicity score were associated with similar performance [average area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.703 and 0.702, respectively] while the combined methods reached an average AUC of 0.725. This increase in average AUC value is significant compared with the immunogenicity score (p = 0.0135) and a strong trend toward significance is observed when compared to the 7-allele method (p = 0.0938). The new immunogenicity score method is now freely available using CD4 T cell immunogenicity prediction tool on the Immune Epitope Database website (http://tools.iedb.org/CD4episcore). Conclusion The new immunogenicity score predicts CD4 T cell immunogenicity at the population level starting from protein sequences and with no need for HLA typing. Its efficacy has been validated in the context of different antigen sources, ethnicities, and disparate techniques for epitope identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Dhanda
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Edita Karosiene
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lindy Edwards
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sinu Paul
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Massimo Andreatta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Influences of HLA DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 on T-cell recognition of epitopes and of larger regions of the botulinum neurotoxin molecule. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:257-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Oshima M, Deitiker P, Jankovic J, Atassi MZ. The Regions on the Light Chain of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Recognized by T Cells from Toxin-Treated Cervical Dystonia Patients. The Complete Human T-Cell Recognition Map of the Toxin Molecule. Immunol Invest 2017; 47:18-39. [PMID: 28891721 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2017.1368544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have recently mapped the in vitro proliferative responses of T cells from botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A)-treated cervical dystonia (CD) patients with overlapping peptides encompassing BoNT/A heavy chain (residues 449-1296). In the present study, we determined the recognition profiles, by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from the same set of patients, of BoNT/A light (L) chain (residues 1-453) by using 32 synthetic overlapping peptides that encompassed the entire L chain. Profiles of the T-cell responses (expressed in stimulation index, SI; Z score based on transformed SI) to the peptides varied among the patients. Samples from 14 patients treated solely with BoNT/A recognized 3-13 (average 7.2) peptides/sample at Z > 3.0 level. Two peptide regions representing residues 113-131 and 225-243 were recognized by around 40% of these patients. Regarding treatment parameters, treatment history with current BOTOX® only group produced significantly lower average T-cell responses to the 32 L-chain peptides compared to treatments with mix of type A including original and current BOTOX®. Influence of other treatment parameters on T-cell recognition of the L-chain peptides was also observed. Results of the submolecular T-cell recognition of the L chain are compared to those of the H chain and the T-cell recognition profile of the entire BoNT/A molecule is discussed. Abbreviations used: BoNT/A, botulinum neurotoxin type A; BoNT/Ai, inactivated BoNT/A; BoNT/B, botulinum neurotoxin type B; CD, cervical dystonia; L chain, the light chain (residues 1-448) of BoNT/A; LNC, lymph node cells; H chain, the heavy chain (residues 449-1296) of BoNT/A; HC, C-terminal domain (residues 855-1296) of H chain; HN, N-terminal domain (residues 449-859) of H chain; MPA, mouse protection assay; SI, stimulation index (SI = cpm of 3H-thymidine incorporated by antigen-stimulated T cells/cpm incorporated by unstimulated cells); TeNT, tetanus neurotoxin; TeNTi, inactivated TeNT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M Zouhair Atassi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,c Department of Pathology and Immunology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
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Abstract
Botulinun neurotoxin (BoNT) has emerged as one of the most multipurpose therapeutic agents in modern medicine with more clinical applications than any other drug currently on the market. Initially developed in the treatment of strabismus and neurologic movement disorders, the use of botulinun neurotoxin has been expanding during the past 3 decades to include the treatment of a variety of ophthalmologic, gastrointestinal, urologic, orthopedic, dermatologic, dental, secretory, painful, cosmetic, and other conditions. In addition to onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox), abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport), incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin), and RimabotulinumtoxinB (Myobloc or NeuroBloc) there are other novel botulinun neurotoxin products currently in development. With a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms of botulinun neurotoxin and advances in biotechnology, future botulinun neurotoxin products will likely be even more effective and customized to the specific indication and tailored to the needs of the patients. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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