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Fettig NM, Pu A, Osborne LC, Gommerman JL. The influence of aging and the microbiome in multiple sclerosis and other neurologic diseases. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38890777 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is well-recognized as a key player in maintaining health. However, it is a dynamic entity that changes across the lifespan. How the microbial changes that occur in later decades of life shape host health or impact age-associated inflammatory neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unclear. Current understanding of the aging gut microbiome is largely limited to cross-sectional observational studies. Moreover, studies in humans are limited by confounding host-intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are not easily disentangled from aging. This review provides a comprehensive summary of existing literature on the aging gut microbiome and its known relationships with neurological diseases, with a specific focus on MS. We will also discuss preclinical animal models and human studies that shed light on the complex microbiota-host interactions that have the potential to influence disease pathology and progression in aging individuals. Lastly, we propose potential avenues of investigation to deconvolute features of an aging microbiota that contribute to disease, or alternatively promote health in advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Fettig
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annie Pu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Oertel FC, Hastermann M, Paul F. Delimiting MOGAD as a disease entity using translational imaging. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1216477. [PMID: 38333186 PMCID: PMC10851159 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1216477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The first formal consensus diagnostic criteria for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) were recently proposed. Yet, the distinction of MOGAD-defining characteristics from characteristics of its important differential diagnoses such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is still obstructed. In preclinical research, MOG antibody-based animal models were used for decades to derive knowledge about MS. In clinical research, people with MOGAD have been combined into cohorts with other diagnoses. Thus, it remains unclear to which extent the generated knowledge is specifically applicable to MOGAD. Translational research can contribute to identifying MOGAD characteristic features by establishing imaging methods and outcome parameters on proven pathophysiological grounds. This article reviews suitable animal models for translational MOGAD research and the current state and prospect of translational imaging in MOGAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Cosima Oertel
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Hastermann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ganz T, Zveik O, Fainstein N, Lachish M, Rechtman A, Sofer L, Brill L, Ben-Hur T, Vaknin-Dembinsky A. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiation induction with MAPK/ERK inhibitor fails to support repair processes in the chronically demyelinated CNS. Glia 2023; 71:2815-2831. [PMID: 37610097 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination failure is considered a major obstacle in treating chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies have shown blockage in the differentiation of resident oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) into myelin-forming cells, suggesting that pushing OPC into a differentiation program might be sufficient to overcome remyelination failure. Others stressed the need for a permissive environment to allow proper activation, migration, and differentiation of OPC. PD0325901, a MAPK/ERK inhibitor, was previously shown to induce OPC differentiation, non-specific immunosuppression, and a significant therapeutic effect in acute demyelinating MS models. We examined PD0325901 effects in the chronically inflamed central nervous system. Treatment with PD0325901 induced OPC differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes with high morphological complexity. However, treatment of Biozzi mice with chronic-progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with PD0325901 showed no clinical improvement in comparison to the control group, no reduction in demyelination, nor induction of OPC migration into foci of demyelination. PD0325901 induced a direct general immunosuppressive effect on various cell populations, leading to a diminished phagocytic capability of microglia and less activation of lymph-node cells. It also significantly impaired the immune-modulatory functions of OPC. Our findings suggest OPC regenerative function depends on a permissive environment, which may include pro-regenerative inflammatory elements. Furthermore, they indicate that maintaining a delicate balance between the pro-myelinating and immune functions of OPC is of importance. Thus, the highly complex mission of creating a pro-regenerative environment depends upon an appropriate immune response controlled in time, place, and intensity. We suggest the need to employ a multi-systematic therapeutic approach, which cannot be achieved through a single molecule-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Ganz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Zveik
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nina Fainstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marva Lachish
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Rechtman
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lihi Sofer
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Livnat Brill
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Evonuk KS, Wang S, Mattie J, Cracchiolo CJ, Mager R, Ferenčić Ž, Sprague E, Carrier B, Schofield K, Martinez E, Stewart Z, Petrosino T, Johnson GA, Yusuf I, Plaisted W, Naiman Z, Delp T, Carter L, Marušić S. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibition reduces disease severity in a model of secondary progressive autoimmune demyelination. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:115. [PMID: 37438842 PMCID: PMC10337138 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an emerging target in multiple sclerosis (MS). Alongside its role in B cell receptor signaling and B cell development, BTK regulates myeloid cell activation and inflammatory responses. Here we demonstrate efficacy of BTK inhibition in a model of secondary progressive autoimmune demyelination in Biozzi mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We show that late in the course of disease, EAE severity could not be reduced with a potent relapse inhibitor, FTY720 (fingolimod), indicating that disease was relapse-independent. During this same phase of disease, treatment with a BTK inhibitor reduced both EAE severity and demyelination compared to vehicle treatment. Compared to vehicle treatment, late therapeutic BTK inhibition resulted in fewer spinal cord-infiltrating myeloid cells, with lower expression of CD86, pro-IL-1β, CD206, and Iba1, and higher expression of Arg1, in both tissue-resident and infiltrating myeloid cells, suggesting a less inflammatory myeloid cell milieu. These changes were accompanied by decreased spinal cord axonal damage. We show similar efficacy with two small molecule inhibitors, including a novel, highly selective, central nervous system-penetrant BTK inhibitor, GB7208. These results suggest that through lymphoid and myeloid cell regulation, BTK inhibition reduced neurodegeneration and disease progression during secondary progressive EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sen Wang
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Josh Mattie
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - C. J. Cracchiolo
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Reine Mager
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Željko Ferenčić
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Ethan Sprague
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Brandon Carrier
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Kai Schofield
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Evelyn Martinez
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Zachary Stewart
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Tara Petrosino
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | | | - Isharat Yusuf
- Gossamer Bio, 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Warren Plaisted
- Gossamer Bio, 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Zachary Naiman
- Gossamer Bio, 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Timothy Delp
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Laura Carter
- Gossamer Bio, 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Suzana Marušić
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
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