Gamma-oryzanol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment by modulation of hippocampal inflammatory response and glial activation in mice

Neuroprotective potential of paddy rice: advancing nutritional and therapeutic strategies for brain health

OBJECTIVES

This review examines the neuroprotective potential of paddy rice bioactive compounds, with a focus on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroregenerative properties that may aid in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Key compounds analyzed include tocotrienols, gamma-oryzanol, and phenolic acids.

METHOD

We conducted a comprehensive review of existing studies detailing the mechanisms by which paddy rice bioactives support brain health. These compounds were examined for their effects on oxidative stress reduction, neuroinflammation modulation, neurotransmitter regulation, and neurogenesis promotion.

RESULTS

Bioactives such as gamma-oryzanol and ferulic acid were found to decrease neuroinflammatory markers and support neurotransmitter function. Research shows paddy rice compounds enhance neural resilience and cognitive function, suggesting their potential role in managing disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.

CONCLUSION

While preclinical evidence underscores the therapeutic promise of paddy rice bioactives, further clinical studies are needed to confirm efficacy, establish optimal dosages, and improve bioavailability. This review advocates for advanced nutraceutical development using paddy rice to bridge preclinical findings and clinical applications.

Resveratrol prevents cognitive impairment and hippocampal inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide in a mouse model of chronic neuroinflammation

BACKGROUND

Neurodegenerative disorders are associated with chronic neuroinflammation, which contributes to their pathogenesis and progression. Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenolic compound with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we investigated whether RSV could protect against cognitive impairment and inflammatory response in a mouse model of chronic neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

METHOD

Mice received oral RSV (30 mg/kg) or vehicle for two weeks, and injected with LPS (0.75 mg/kg) or saline daily for the last seven days. After two weeks, mice were subjected to behavioral assessments using the Morris water maze and Y-maze. Moreover, mRNA expression of several inflammatory markers, neuronal loss, and glial density were evaluated in the hippocampus of treated mice.

RESULTS

Our findings showed that RSV treatment effectively improved spatial and working memory impairments induced by LPS. In addition, RSV significantly reduced hippocampal glial densities and neuronal loss in LPS-injected mice. Moreover, RSV treatment suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, and GFAP in the hippocampus of treated mice.

CONCLUSION

Taken together, our results highlight the detrimental effect of systemic inflammation on the hippocampus and the potential of natural products with anti-inflammatory effects to counteract this impact.