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Miyamoto S, Yoshida Y, Ozeki Y, Okamoto M, Gotoh K, Masaki T, Nishida H, Shibuya T, Shin T, Daa T, Mimata H, Kimura N, Shibata H. Dopamine-Secreting Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab163. [PMID: 34870059 PMCID: PMC8633142 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Predominantly or exclusively dopamine-secreting pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are very rare. We report a 64-year-old woman with an adrenal incidentaloma. She was normotensive and had no symptoms of catecholamine excess. The 24-hour urine catecholamine level showed normal norepinephrine (122.9 μg/day), normal epinephrine (24.3 μg/day), and markedly elevated dopamine (148 212.4 μg/day). 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy revealed tumor uptake. After α-blockade as preoperative management, she successfully underwent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy and was finally diagnosed with an exclusively dopamine-secreting pheochromocytoma. The tumor was histologically comprised of small polygonal cells with high cellularity and was immunohistochemically positive for all 3 catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes: tyrosine hydroxylase (very weak), dopamine β-hydroxylase (heterogeneous), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (very weak). Electron microscopy revealed very few catecholamine-containing small vesicles with a few organelles, which reflected immature cells. No biochemical or imaging evidence of recurrence or metastasis were evident 1 year after the surgery. We conducted a literature search in the PubMed database. A total of 33 cases were collected. Our case had the second-highest 24-hour urinary dopamine excretion and was the first in which immunostaining for catecholamine synthase and electron microscopy were performed together. Histological findings in our case give a possible hypothesis that the mechanism underlying a dopamine-secreting pheochromocytoma is associated with immature catecholamine vesicles in which dopamine β-hydroxylase is localized, thus resulting in inhibited conversion from dopamine to norepinephrine. We also discuss the reasons for the lack of catecholamine excess symptoms, whether preoperative management of α-blockade is needed, and the association between the prognosis and genetic mutation, with an extensive literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Miyamoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ozeki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Koro Gotoh
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takayuki Masaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Haruto Nishida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Tadamasa Shibuya
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Shin
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Daa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Mimata
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Noriko Kimura
- Department of Clinical Research Pathology Division, Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate 041-8512, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shibata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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