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Giardina E, Camaño P, Burton-Jones S, Ravenscroft G, Henning F, Magdinier F, van der Stoep N, van der Vliet PJ, Bernard R, Tomaselli PJ, Davis MR, Nishino I, Oflazer P, Race V, Vishnu VY, Williams V, Sobreira CFR, van der Maarel SM, Moore SA, Voermans NC, Lemmers RJLF. Best practice guidelines on genetic diagnostics of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: Update of the 2012 guidelines. Clin Genet 2024; 106:13-26. [PMID: 38685133 PMCID: PMC11147721 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The gold standard for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) genetic diagnostic procedures was published in 2012. With the increasing complexity of the genetics of FSHD1 and 2, the increase of genetic testing centers, and the start of clinical trials for FSHD, it is crucial to provide an update on our knowledge of the genetic features of the FSHD loci and renew the international consensus on the molecular testing recommendations. To this end, members of the FSHD European Trial Network summarized the evidence presented during the 2022 ENMC meeting on Genetic diagnosis, clinical outcome measures, and biomarkers. The working group additionally invited genetic and clinical experts from the USA, India, Japan, Australia, South-Africa, and Brazil to provide a global perspective. Six virtual meetings were organized to reach consensus on the minimal requirements for genetic confirmation of FSHD1 and FSHD2. Here, we present the clinical and genetic features of FSHD, specific features of FSHD1 and FSHD2, pros and cons of established and new technologies (Southern blot in combination with either linear or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, molecular combing, optical genome mapping, FSHD2 methylation analysis and FSHD2 genotyping), the possibilities and challenges of prenatal testing, including pre-implantation genetic testing, and the minimal requirements and recommendations for genetic confirmation of FSHD1 and FSHD2. This consensus is expected to contribute to current clinical management and trial-readiness for FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Giardina
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pilar Camaño
- Molecular Diagnostics Platform, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBERNED, CIBER, Spanish Ministry of Science & Innovation, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Franclo Henning
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Nienke van der Stoep
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rafaëlle Bernard
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Timone Adultes, Biogénopôle, Service de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Pedro J Tomaselli
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mark R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Genome Medicine Development, Clinical Genome Analysis, Medical Genome Center (MGC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Piraye Oflazer
- Department of Neurology, Koç University Hospital Muscle Center, Koç University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Valerie Race
- Clinical Laboratory Geneticist, Human Genetics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Venugopalan Y Vishnu
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | | | - Cláudia F R Sobreira
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Steve A Moore
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Pathology, Roy J. And Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nicol C Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Konstantonis D, Kekou K, Papaefthymiou P, Vastardis H, Konstantoni N, Athanasiou M, Svingou M, Margariti A, Panousopoulou A. Orofacial Muscle Weakening in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) Patients. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9010096. [PMID: 35053721 PMCID: PMC8774153 DOI: 10.3390/children9010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is the third most commonly found type of muscular dystrophy. The aim of this study was to correlate the D4Z4 repeat array fragment size to the orofacial muscle weakening exhibited in a group of patients with a genetically supported diagnosis of FSHD. Methods: Molecular genetic analysis was performed for 52 patients (27 female and 25 male) from a group that consisted of 36 patients with autosomal dominant pedigrees and 16 patients with either sporadic or unknown family status. The patients were tested with the southern blotting technique, using EcoRI/Avrll double digestion, and fragments were detected by a p13E-11 telomeric probe. Spearman’s correlation was used to compare the fragment size with the degree of muscle weakening found in the forehead, periocular and perioral muscles. Results: A positive non-significant correlation between the DNA fragment size and severity of muscle weakness was found for the forehead (r = 0.27; p = 0187), the periocular (r = 0.24; p = 0.232) and the left and right perioral (r = 0.29; p = 0.122), (r = 0.32; p = 0.085) muscles. Conclusions: Although FSHD patients exhibited a decrease in muscular activity related to the forehead, perioral, and periocular muscles the genotype–phenotype associations confirmed a weak to moderate non-significant correlation between repeat size and the severity of muscle weakness. Orofacial muscle weakening and its association with a D4Z4 contraction alone may not have the significance to serve as a prognostic biomarker, due to the weak to moderate association. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine the degree of genetic involvement in the facial growth in FSHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Konstantonis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Kyriaki Kekou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospital Agia Sophia, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-115 27 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Petros Papaefthymiou
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey;
| | - Heleni Vastardis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikoleta Konstantoni
- ATX Braces & Smile Aligners, In Private Practice of Orthodontics, 1601 E Pflugerville Pkwy Building 2, Pflugerville, TX 78660, USA;
| | - Maria Athanasiou
- Athensbestsmiles, In Private Practice of Orthodontics, 49 Alopekis, GR-106 76 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Svingou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospital Agia Sophia, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-115 27 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Anastasia Margariti
- Department of Elderly Medicine, University Hospital Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, St. Richard’s Hospital, Spitalfield Ln, Chichester PO19 6SE, UK;
| | - Angeliki Panousopoulou
- Department of Neurology, Korgialenio-Benakio Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, GR-115 26 Athens, Greece;
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3
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Karauzum S, Hangul C, Bozkurt S, Bilge U, Ozdem S, Altunbas H, Uysal H, Koc F. The ratios of estradiol and progesterone to testosterone influence the severity of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. NEUROL SCI NEUROPHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/nsn.nsn_37_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ohta Y, Tadokoro K, Sasaki R, Takahashi Y, Sato K, Takemoto M, Hishikawa N, Shang J, Yamashita T, Takehisa Y, Nishino I, Abe K. Different clinicopathological features between Japanese siblings with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 2 with a novel nonsense SMCHD1 mutation (Arg552 ∗). J Clin Neurosci 2018; 58:215-217. [PMID: 30327220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) 2 is caused by a combination of heterozygous structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain containing 1 (SMCHD1) mutation plus DNA hypomethylation on D4Z4. Here we report two Japanese FSHD2 siblings (brother and sister) with a new SMCHD1 nonsense mutation (a heterogeneous c. 1654C > T substitution, leading to a stop codon Arg552∗). They showed the typical phenotype of FSHD2 such as asymmetric muscle weakness and atrophy in bilateral facial, scapular and humeral muscles, but different clinicopathological features between them. The brother and asymptomatic mother showed normal D4Z4 methylation plus the same SMCHD1 mutation, but the sister showed the SMCHD1 mutation plus D4Z4 hypomethylation, suggesting an interesting correlation of the new SMCHD1 nonsense mutation and D4Z4 hypomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koh Tadokoro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jingwei Shang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takehisa
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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Genotype and phenotype analysis of 43 Iranian facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy patients; Evidence for anticipation. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:303-314. [PMID: 29402602 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common hereditary myopathy (prevalence 1/8300-1/20,000). It is typically characterized by progressive weakness of facial, scapular and humeral muscles. Pelvic, abdominal and lower limbs muscles may eventually be affected. FSHD is classified into two subgroups, FSHD1 and FSHD2. FSHD1 is due to a reduction in the copy number of D4Z4 macrosatellites on chromosome 4q35 (11-100 repeats in normal individuals and 1-10 repeats in patients), and FSHD2 is caused by mutations in SMCHD1 or DNMT3B. Here, we present clinical features and results of genetic analysis on 43 Iranian FSHD patients. Forty patients carried 2-7 D4Z4 repeats based on Southern blot analysis, thus confirming FSHD1 diagnosis in these patients. The number of patients with D4Z4 repeats in the range of 1-3, 4-6 and 7-9 were, respectively, 22, 17 and one. Patients with the lower number of D4Z4 repeats generally showed earlier onset and more severe disease presentations. Anticipation was observed in 14 multi-generational families. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first phenotype and genotype analysis of FSHD patients in the Iranian population. The results of this study will be beneficial for genetic counselling of FSHD patients and their families, and for the establishment of a simple affordable genetic test for Iranians as the majority of patients had 1-5 D4Z4 repeats.
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Petek LM, Rickard AM, Budech C, Poliachik SL, Shaw D, Ferguson MR, Tawil R, Friedman SD, Miller DG. A cross sectional study of two independent cohorts identifies serum biomarkers for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:405-13. [PMID: 27185459 PMCID: PMC4912392 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the severity and progression of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is particularly challenging because muscle weakness progresses over long periods of time and can be sporadic. Biomarkers are essential for measuring disease burden and testing treatment strategies. We utilized the sensitive, specific, high-throughput SomaLogic proteomics platform of 1129 proteins to identify proteins with levels that correlate with FSHD severity in a cross-sectional study of two independent cohorts. We discovered biomarkers that correlate with clinical severity and disease burden measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Sixty-eight proteins in the Rochester cohort (n = 48) and 51 proteins in the Seattle cohort (n = 30) had significantly different levels in FSHD-affected individuals when compared with controls (p-value ≤ .005). A subset of these varied by at least 1.5 fold and four biomarkers were significantly elevated in both cohorts. Levels of creatine kinase MM and MB isoforms, carbonic anhydrase III, and troponin I type 2 reliably predicted the disease state and correlated with disease severity. Other novel biomarkers were also discovered that may reveal mechanisms of disease pathology. Assessing the levels of these biomarkers during clinical trials may add significance to other measures of quantifying disease progression or regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Petek
- Department of Pediatrics, Div. of Genetic Med., University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda M Rickard
- Department of Pediatrics, Div. of Genetic Med., University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Dennis Shaw
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark R Ferguson
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rabi Tawil
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Seth D Friedman
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel G Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Div. of Genetic Med., University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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7
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Clinical, muscle pathological, and genetic features of Japanese facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 2 (FSHD2) patients with SMCHD1 mutations. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:300-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Nikolic A, Ricci G, Sera F, Bucci E, Govi M, Mele F, Rossi M, Ruggiero L, Vercelli L, Ravaglia S, Brisca G, Fiorillo C, Villa L, Maggi L, Cao M, D'Amico MC, Siciliano G, Antonini G, Santoro L, Mongini T, Moggio M, Morandi L, Pegoraro E, Angelini C, Di Muzio A, Rodolico C, Tomelleri G, Grazia D'Angelo M, Bruno C, Berardinelli A, Tupler R. Clinical expression of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy in carriers of 1-3 D4Z4 reduced alleles: experience of the FSHD Italian National Registry. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e007798. [PMID: 26733561 PMCID: PMC4716236 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1 (FSHD1) has been genetically linked to reduced numbers (≤ 8) of D4Z4 repeats at 4q35. Particularly severe FSHD cases, characterised by an infantile onset and presence of additional extra-muscular features, have been associated with the shortest D4Z4 reduced alleles with 1-3 repeats (1-3 DRA). We searched for signs of perinatal onset and evaluated disease outcome through the systematic collection of clinical and anamnestic records of de novo and familial index cases and their relatives, carrying 1-3 DRA. SETTING Italy. PARTICIPANTS 66 index cases and 33 relatives carrying 1-3 DRA. OUTCOMES The clinical examination was performed using the standardised FSHD evaluation form with validated inter-rater reliability. To investigate the earliest signs of disease, we designed the Infantile Anamnestic Questionnaire (IAQ). Comparison of age at onset was performed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum or Kruskal-Wallis test. Comparison of the FSHD score was performed using a general linear model and Wald test. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the age-specific cumulative motor impairment risk. RESULTS No patients had perinatal onset. Among index cases, 36 (54.5%) showed the first signs by 10 years of age. The large majority of patients with early disease onset (26 out of 36, 72.2%) were de novo; whereas the majority of patients with disease onset after 10 years of age were familial (16, 53.3%). Comparison of the disease severity outcome between index cases with age at onset before and over 10 years of age, failed to detect statistical significance (Wald test p value=0.064). Of 61 index cases, only 17 (27.9%) presented extra-muscular conditions. Relatives carrying 1-3 DRA showed a large clinical variability ranging from healthy subjects, to patients with severe motor impairment. CONCLUSIONS The size of the D4Z4 allele is not always predictive of severe clinical outcome. The high degree of clinical variability suggests that additional factors contribute to the phenotype complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nikolic
- Department of Science of Life, Institute of Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Science of Life, Institute of Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Sera
- MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Elisabetta Bucci
- Department of Neurology, S Andrea Hospital, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Govi
- Department of Science of Life, Institute of Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabiano Mele
- Department of Science of Life, Institute of Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marta Rossi
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Institute ‘C Mondino’ Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Ruggiero
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Liliana Vercelli
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sabrina Ravaglia
- Department of Public Health and Neurosciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Brisca
- Department of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, IRCCS Institute Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, IRCCS Institute Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Villa
- IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- IRCCS Foundation, C Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- Department of Neurology, S Andrea Hospital, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Santoro
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Morandi
- IRCCS Foundation, C Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Di Muzio
- Center for Neuromuscular Disease, University ‘G d'Annunzio’, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuliano Tomelleri
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia D'Angelo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Institute Eugenio Medea Ca’ Granada Ospedale Maggiore, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Department of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disease, IRCCS Institute Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angela Berardinelli
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Institute ‘C Mondino’ Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella Tupler
- Department of Science of Life, Institute of Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Puppo F, Dionnet E, Gaillard MC, Gaildrat P, Castro C, Vovan C, Bertaux K, Bernard R, Attarian S, Goto K, Nishino I, Hayashi Y, Magdinier F, Krahn M, Helmbacher F, Bartoli M, Lévy N. Identification of variants in the 4q35 gene FAT1 in patients with a facioscapulohumeral dystrophy-like phenotype. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:443-53. [PMID: 25615407 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeralmuscular dystrophy (FSHD) is linked to copy-number reduction (N < 10) of the 4q D4Z4 subtelomeric array, in association with DUX4-permissive haplotypes. This main form is indicated as FSHD1. FSHD-like phenotypes may also appear in the absence of D4Z4 copy-number reduction. Variants of the SMCHD1 gene have been reported to associate with D4Z4 hypomethylation in DUX4-compatible haplotypes, thus defining FSHD2. Recently, mice carrying a muscle-specific knock-out of the protocadherin gene Fat1 or its constitutive hypomorphic allele were shown to develop muscular and nonmuscular defects mimicking human FSHD. Here, we report FAT1 variants in a group of patients presenting with neuromuscular symptoms reminiscent of FSHD. The patients do not carry D4Z4 copy-number reduction, 4q hypomethylation, or SMCHD1 variants. However, abnormal splicing of the FAT1 transcript is predicted for all identified variants. To determine their pathogenicity, we elaborated a minigene approach coupled to an antisense oligonucleotide (AON) assay. In vitro, four out of five selected variants induced partial or complete alteration of splicing by creating new splice sites or modifying splicing regulators. AONs confirmed these effects. Altered transcripts may affect FAT1 protein interactions or stability. Altogether, our data suggest that defective FAT1 is associated with an FSHD-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Puppo
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Marseille, France; Inserm, UMR, S 910, Marseille, France
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10
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Colangelo V, François S, Soldà G, Picco R, Roma F, Ginelli E, Meneveri R. Next-generation sequencing analysis of miRNA expression in control and FSHD myogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108411. [PMID: 25285664 PMCID: PMC4186784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that miRNA sequences can regulate skeletal myogenesis by controlling the process of myoblast proliferation and differentiation. However, at present a deep analysis of miRNA expression in control and FSHD myoblasts during differentiation has not yet been derived. To close this gap, we used a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach applied to in vitro myogenesis. Furthermore, to minimize sample genetic heterogeneity and muscle-type specific patterns of gene expression, miRNA profiling from NGS data was filtered with FC≥4 (log2FC≥2) and p-value<0.05, and its validation was derived by qRT-PCR on myoblasts from seven muscle districts. In particular, control myogenesis showed the modulation of 38 miRNAs, the majority of which (34 out 38) were up-regulated, including myomiRs (miR-1, -133a, -133b and -206). Approximately one third of the modulated miRNAs were not previously reported to be involved in muscle differentiation, and interestingly some of these (i.e. miR-874, -1290, -95 and -146a) were previously shown to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. FSHD myogenesis evidenced a reduced number of modulated miRNAs than healthy muscle cells. The two processes shared nine miRNAs, including myomiRs, although with FC values lower in FSHD than in control cells. In addition, FSHD cells showed the modulation of six miRNAs (miR-1268, -1268b, -1908, 4258, -4508- and -4516) not evidenced in control cells and that therefore could be considered FSHD-specific, likewise three novel miRNAs that seem to be specifically expressed in FSHD myotubes. These data further clarify the impact of miRNA regulation during control myogenesis and strongly suggest that a complex dysregulation of miRNA expression characterizes FSHD, impairing two important features of myogenesis: cell cycle and muscle development. The derived miRNA profiling could represent a novel molecular signature for FSHD that includes diagnostic biomarkers and possibly therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Colangelo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Stéphanie François
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Picco
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Roma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ginelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Meneveri
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
DUX4, a homeobox-containing gene present in a tandem array, is implicated in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), a dominant autosomal disease. New findings about DUX4 have raised as many fundamental questions about the molecular pathology of this unique disease as they have answered. This review discusses recent studies addressing the question of whether there is extensive FSHD-related transcription dysregulation in adult-derived myoblasts and myotubes, the precursors for muscle repair. Two models for the role of DUX4 in FSHD are presented. One involves transient pathogenic expression of DUX4 in many cells in the muscle lineage before the myoblast stage resulting in a persistent, disease-related transcription profile ('Majority Rules'), which might be enhanced by subsequent oscillatory expression of DUX4. The other model emphasizes the toxic effects of inappropriate expression of DUX4 in only an extremely small percentage of FSHD myoblasts or myotube nuclei ('Minority Rules'). The currently favored Minority Rules model is not supported by recent studies of transcription dysregulation in FSHD myoblasts and myotubes. It also presents other difficulties, for example, explaining the expression of full-length DUX4 transcripts in FSHD fibroblasts. The Majority Rules model is the simpler explanation of findings about FSHD-associated gene expression and the DUX4-encoded homeodomain-type protein.
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12
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Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) constitute a group of phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous disorders, characterized by (progressive) weakness and atrophy of proximal and/or distal muscles. The objective of molecular testing is to confirm the pathogenicity of a relevant sequence variation by correlating an individual's phenotype with what is expected in a given condition. Within the last two decades the application of molecular genetic strategies has led to a delineation of subgroups of clinically indistinguishable NMDs and has disclosed marked disease overlap. The expanding number of molecular defined NMDs requires new strategies to classify overlapping and clinical indistinguishable phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gomez-Vargas
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, HSC 2H22, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8 N 3Z5
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13
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Sistiaga A, Camaño P, Otaegui D, Ibáñez B, Ruiz-Martinez J, Martí-Massó JF, López de Munain A. Cognitive function in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy correlates with the molecular defect. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2008; 8:53-9. [PMID: 18823405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies based on case descriptions and neuroradiological findings have suggested central nervous system (CNS) involvement in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. The aim of this work is to explore the relationship between cognitive/personality pattern and the underlying molecular defect for this muscular dystrophy. We performed a wide-ranging neuropsychological assessment of 34 molecularly confirmed facioscapulohumeral dystrophy patients and 49 control subjects, all of whom also received the Millon-II Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MCMI-II). Patients and controls show mild learning-level differences in the neuropsychological profile, and only the hysteriform scale is statistically higher in patients than controls. The patients' intelligence quotient (IQ) is related to the size of the deleted fragment but not to the degree of muscular impairment. The results of this study indicate a cut-off point and two distinct cognitive profiles in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, depending on the patients' molecular defect: patients with a fragment size > 24 kb show a relatively normal cognitive pattern, whereas those with a fragment size < or = 24 kb show a significantly reduced IQ and difficulties with verbal function and visuo-constructive tasks. This work provides more evidence for the involvement of the CNS in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy and suggests that the fragment size should be taken into account in the clinical management of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy as it has a predictive value on the cognitive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sistiaga
- Experimental Unit, Donostia Hospital, Spain, CIBER Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain.
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14
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Sposìto R, Pasquali L, Galluzzi F, Rocchi A, Solìto B, Soragna D, Tupler R, Siciliano G. Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy Type 1A in Northwestern Tuscany: A Molecular Genetics-based Epidemiological and Genotype–Phenotype Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 9:30-6. [PMID: 15857184 DOI: 10.1089/gte.2005.9.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1A (FSHD1A) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by early involvement of facial and scapular muscles with eventual spreading to pelvic and lower limb muscles. A high degree of clinical variability with respect to age at onset, severity, and pattern of muscle involvement, both between and within families, is present. For this reason, diagnosis of FSHD1A can be sometimes difficult and molecular diagnosis is then necessary. A clinical and molecular genetic-based epidemiological investigation has been carried out in the territory of northwestern Tuscany in central Italy to calculate the prevalence rate of FSHD1A as of March, 2004. The molecular diagnosis has been based on the detection of large deletions of variable size of kpnI repeat units on chromosome 4q35. Results have been compared to those of a previous study conducted in the same area in 1981 (in the premolecular diagnosis era). The minimum prevalence rate was 4.60 x 10(-5) inhabitants, a value four times higher compared to our previous study. No significant correlation between fragment size and clinical severity has been observed. This study confirms in an Italian population a prevalence rate of FSHD1A similar to that observed in other populations. Furthermore, it underlines the usefulness of routine adoption of the genetic testing in confirming clinical suspicion of FSHD1A as well as in correctly diagnosing atypical and otherwise misclassified cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sposìto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Greenberg SA, Walsh RJ. Molecular diagnosis of inheritable neuromuscular disorders. Part II: Application of genetic testing in neuromuscular disease. Muscle Nerve 2005; 31:431-51. [PMID: 15704143 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular genetic advances have led to refinements in the classification of inherited neuromuscular disease, and to methods of molecular testing useful for diagnosis and management of selected patients. Testing should be performed as targeted studies, sometimes sequentially, but not as wasteful panels of multiple genetic tests performed simultaneously. Accurate diagnosis through molecular testing is available for the vast majority of patients with inherited neuropathies, resulting from mutations in three genes (PMP22, MPZ, and GJB1); the most common types of muscular dystrophies (Duchenne and Becker, facioscapulohumeral, and myotonic dystrophies); the inherited motor neuron disorders (spinal muscular atrophy, Kennedy's disease, and SOD1 related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis); and many other neuromuscular disorders. The role of potential multiple genetic influences on the development of acquired neuromuscular diseases is an increasingly active area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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